Cong Lin , Yuxin Gao , Na Ta , Kaiyu Li , Hongyao Fu
{"title":"Trapped in the search box: An examination of algorithmic bias in search engine autocomplete predictions","authors":"Cong Lin , Yuxin Gao , Na Ta , Kaiyu Li , Hongyao Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2023.102068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2023.102068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the autocomplete algorithmic bias of leading search engines against three sensitive attributes: gender, race, and sexual orientation. By simulating search query prefixes and calling search engine APIs, 106,896 autocomplete predictions were collected, and their semantic toxicity scores as measures of negative algorithmic bias were computed based on machine learning models. Results indicate that search engine autocomplete algorithmic bias is overall consistent with long-standing societal discrimination. Historically disadvantaged groups such as the female, the Black, and the homosexual suffer higher levels of negative algorithmic bias. Moreover, the degree of algorithmic bias varies across topic categories. Implications about the search engine mediatization, mechanisms and consequences of autocomplete algorithmic bias are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102068"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91686407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emoji and visual complexity in health information design: A moderated serial mediation model","authors":"Tingyi S. Lin, Yue Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2023.102065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2023.102065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Social media is a valuable tool that enables public health organizations to communicate effectively. To enhance the reach of health communication on social media, scholars have proposed that emoji be used to convey scientific information. The current study explored the influence of emoji on the effectiveness of health communication on social media. Automated content analysis revealed that the presence of emoji in online health information resulted in higher levels of social media engagement (SME) than the absence of emoji did. Additionally, a 2 (emoji: present versus absent) × 3 (visual complexity of information design: low versus medium versus high) online experiments revealed that the presence of emoji in health information sequentially increased perceived enjoyment and perceived interactivity, thereby promoting SME. However, this effect is influenced by the visual complexity of health information designs. The presence of emoji is only effective in increasing SME with health information presented using a design with low or medium visual complexity. This study provides theoretical and practical insights into visual health communication and health information design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102065"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91686854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advanced digital skills of the Spanish population from 2015 to 2021. Socioeconomic and geographical factors according to an ordered probit model","authors":"Francisca Ruiz-Rodríguez , Abdennour Akoudad-Ekajouan , Reyes Manuela González-Relaño","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2023.102064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2023.102064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing digitalisation<span> of the economy, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, requires the population to have advanced digital skills. In a decentralised country such as Spain, it is necessary to identify the population’s model of digital skills acquisition by taking geographical variables into account. To this end, the aim of this research is to analyse the impact of socioeconomic and geographical variables on the level of advanced digital skills of the Spanish population including two spatial levels: regional (Autonomous Communities) and local (provinces) from 2015 to 2021. An ordered probit model is used with microdata provided by the Spanish National Statistics Institute’s Survey on Equipment and Use of Information and Communication Technologies<span> in Households (ICT_H) for 2015, 2019 and 2021. The results of this study show that socioeconomic factors have a greater influence than geographical factors on the digital skills acquisition model. The model has undergone changes with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, with an increase of advanced digital skills among the employed and the unemployed compared to inactive persons. Moreover, the importance of educational level is corroborated and the importance of daily Internet use increased during the pandemic. There was also less regional than provincial dispersion in the probability of converging in digital skills with the region and province of Madrid. This study contributes the evolution over time of the model of digital skills acquisition with socioeconomic and geographical variables, identifying intra-regional differences and indicating whether there is spatial dependence between regional and local levels in Spain, with a view to reducing them in terms of sustainability.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102064"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49752592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Systematic review of survey scales measuring information privacy concerns on social network sites","authors":"Jošt Bartol , Vasja Vehovar , Andraž Petrovčič","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2023.102063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2023.102063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Privacy in social network sites (SNSs) is an important issue, and many researchers have focused on understanding the effects of information privacy concerns (IPCs) on user behavior. However, to develop research capable of addressing the complexity and multilayered nature of IPCs on SNSs, valid and reliable IPC survey scales are necessary. To this end, a systematic review of IPC scales utilized in SNS research was conducted to describe the survey inventories used, identify critical issues, and suggest directions for future research. Articles measuring SNS users’ IPCs published before 2023 were reviewed systematically using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology. Altogether, 4,581 screened abstracts yielded 120 eligible articles, in which 53 different survey scales for the measurement of SNS users’ IPCs were used. These scales predominantly measure IPCs arising from organizational practices (i.e., vertical IPCs) rather than SNS user practices (i.e., horizontal IPCs). The results also indicated that scarce attention has been paid to ensuring the scales’ validity, particularly structural validity, criterion validity, and measurement invariance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102063"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49752166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dongyang Wang , Yandong Wang , Xiaokang Fu , Mingxuan Dou , Shihai Dong , Duocai Zhang
{"title":"Revealing the spatial co-occurrence patterns of multi-emotions from social media data","authors":"Dongyang Wang , Yandong Wang , Xiaokang Fu , Mingxuan Dou , Shihai Dong , Duocai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2023.102025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tele.2023.102025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Emotions play a critical role in understanding human behaviors and are direct indicators of residents' well-being and quality of life. Assessing spatial-emotional interactions is crucial for human-centered urban planning and public mental health. However, prior research has focused on the spatial analysis of every single emotion, ignoring the intricate interactions between multi-emotions and space. To address this gap, we propose a novel framework to reveal the spatial co-occurrence patterns of multi-emotions using massive social media data in Wuhan, China. Specifically, the BERT (bidirectional encoder representations from transformers) pre-trained model is utilized to classify each post into one of five basic emotions. Given the implementation of the K-means algorithm on these emotional results, the emotion-based similarities among different grids are investigated. The qualitative and quantitative results reveal six spatial co-occurrence patterns of conflicting or consistent emotions in urban space, namely, happiness-fear, happiness-anger, balanced emotion, happiness dominated, happiness-surprise, and happiness-sadness. In particular, the balanced emotion pattern is the most prevalent and tends to be spatially concentrated in the city center, while patterns of happiness-anger and happiness-sadness are mainly observed in the suburbs. Plus, results of the </span>Multinomial Logit Model (MNLM) indicate that the spatial multi-emotions co-occurrence patterns are significantly correlated with land use characteristics based on points-of-interest (POIs) data. These findings provide an innovative perspective for understanding the complex interactions between emotions and space, with theoretical and practical implications for designing and maintaining an emotionally healthy city.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102025"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48545475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saifuddin Ahmed , Yifei Wang , Adeline Wei Ting Bee
{"title":"Adjusting news accuracy perceptions after deepfakes exposure: Evidence from a non-Western context","authors":"Saifuddin Ahmed , Yifei Wang , Adeline Wei Ting Bee","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2023.102047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2023.102047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Empirical studies examining if and how deepfakes would evoke news skepticism and discredit social trust in societies with low levels of digital literacy are limited. Recognizing the gap in the literature, this study conducts a survey experiment in India. We test whether individuals adjust their perceptions of news accuracy after being exposed to a deepfake about the subject of the news. Furthermore, we examine if cognitive ability will play a critical role in distinguishing how participants readjust their perceptions of news accuracy. In line with the propositions, we find that those exposed to a malicious deepfake video are primed to lower their initial positive news accuracy perceptions (featuring the subject) than those exposed to an informational video (featuring the subject). We also observe that the adjustments of news accuracy perceptions after being exposed to a deepfake are not dependent on the cognitive ability of social media news users. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102047"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49752552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The correlation between broadband prices and the digital divide: A survey of Taiwan’s north coast","authors":"Shui-Lien Chen , Chih-Jen Chen , Yung-Hsin Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2023.102033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tele.2023.102033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study highlights the importance of differentiating between urban and rural areas when exploring broadband issues that matter to consumers and statistically sampling accordingly. To test the effectiveness of rural broadband programmes in improving internet usage, this study is based on a selection of five geographically adjacent administrative districts with varying population densities.</p><p>During a survey using the double-bounded dichotomous choice model to measure people’s WTP, two research hypotheses were tested and verified through regression analysis. The results showed that consumers living in rural areas are significantly less willing to pay for broadband than those living in urban areas, which contradicts the findings of the study by Worden and Hambly (2022) conducted in Canada.</p><p>Additionally, the significant t value test results found in this study showed that consumers are willing to pay more for download bandwidth than for upload bandwidth for every dollar spent. This result indicates that consumers have a clear preference for one over the other and highlights significant differences in their choices.</p><p>In particular, the results of the willingness-to-pay survey revealed that the incumbent operator yield opposite results in the regression coefficients for their willingness to pay for each unit of download bandwidth and upload bandwidth. This result may be due to differences in the design of internet products offered by the two operators.</p><p>Given the inevitable reality that income generated by service operators in rural areas is lower than that in urban areas, there is a need to study price differentials between urban and rural areas in order to promote greater use of broadband internet in rural areas in the context of the adoption of a single price throughout the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102033"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44206523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Janneke M. Schokkenbroek , Koen Ponnet , Joris Van Ouytsel , Michel Walrave , Wim Hardyns
{"title":"Receive, forward, repeat: The link between sexting intention, sexting attitudes, and non-consensual sexting behaviours","authors":"Janneke M. Schokkenbroek , Koen Ponnet , Joris Van Ouytsel , Michel Walrave , Wim Hardyns","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2023.102036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tele.2023.102036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sexting concerns the act of sending, receiving, or forwarding sexually explicit messages or photos (i.e., ‘sexts’) through electronic means. When sexts are received or forwarded without the consent of the original sender, this is called <em>non-consensual sexting</em>. Our study set out to increase our understanding as to why individuals engage in non-consensual sext forwarding, by examining the role of sexting intentions, attitudes, and experience with non-consensual sext receiving. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey among a sample of 218 Belgian adults. Of this total sample, 169 (<em>M</em><sub>age</sub><span> = 25.85 years, 73.4% women) respondents had at least once received a sext from someone, resulting in a subsample of 169 respondents for the present study. Correlation analyses showed that non-consensual forwarding of sexts was significantly positively linked to stronger attitudes towards the risks of sexting and to experiences of non-consensual sext receiving. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that non-consensual sext forwarding was significantly linked to negative attitudes about sexting, but that this significant link disappeared when non-consensual sext receiving was included as a predictor in the model. Thus, our findings show that non-consensual sext forwarding is primarily linked to non-consensual sext receiving, suggesting that individuals who experience non-consensual sexting as a recipient are inclined to non-consensually forward a sext themselves regardless of their attitudes about (the risks of) sexting. This suggests that non-consensual sexting behaviours may be driven by social learning and/or impulsive decision-making processes, indicating an important avenue for future research.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102036"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49609555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fathima Nishara Abdeen, Sara Shirowzhan, Samad M.E. Sepasgozar
{"title":"Citizen-centric digital twin development with machine learning and interfaces for maintaining urban infrastructure","authors":"Fathima Nishara Abdeen, Sara Shirowzhan, Samad M.E. Sepasgozar","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2023.102032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tele.2023.102032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Serious interoperability challenges prevent the stakeholders of infrastructure projects and citizens as the final users, from interacting with each other and helping maintain a project over its lifetime. This paper focuses on macro-scale digital twins collecting stakeholders’ feedback as the end users of the infrastructure and its service buildings. The aim is to examine various technologies for developing a CCDT and use the information processed to maintain and manage infrastructure services. This involves a systematic review, investigating technologies for data acquisition, data processing, and interface development to improve CCDT capabilities. Among the 89 selected articles, 16% of the sample dataset directly focused on users’ engagement. When considering data acquisition technologies, the open data platforms (37% of the sample dataset), remote sensors (37%), and IoT sensors (8%) ensure the dynamic capabilities of the digital twin. Volunteered geographic information (VGI) and social sensing are two prominent technologies that encourage citizen engagement. The number of articles considering the use of segmentation and classification and object detection and tracking algorithms at city-scale digital twins is significant, accounting for 25% and 24% of all articles discussing various algorithms. Further, the study carried out a comprehensive analysis of application programming interfaces (APIs) while presenting their specifications, features, and applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102032"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41505060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combating health misinformation on social media through fact-checking: The effect of threat appraisal, coping appraisal, and empathy","authors":"Mingfei Sun , Xiaoyue Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2023.102031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tele.2023.102031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Social media users’ active fact-checking as a way to restrain health misinformation has received considerable attention. With the protection motivation theory (PMT), this study divided fact-checking into verification and correction and analyzed the influence of threat and coping appraisal on health misinformation verification and correction intentions. Furthermore, the moderating effect of empathy was analyzed based on the prosocial characteristics of fact-checking. A total of 341 participants completed an online survey. The results of regression analysis showed that higher perceived reward and coping efficiency were associated with higher verification intention. Empathy positively moderated the effect of perceived threat on verification. The perceived threat, reward, and coping efficiency increased users’ intention to correct health misinformation. Moreover, findings also demonstrated that users would combine threat and coping appraisal to decide their fact-checking intention. The study extends PMT theory by incorporating users’ ability to empathize with others’ risk situations and uncovers a cognitive risk game process for health misinformation verification and correction on social media.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 102031"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48398014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}