Telematics and Informatics最新文献

{"title":"Towards harmonization of EU and UN methodologies for the assessment of eGovernment","authors":"Milan Paroški","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper briefly analyzes scientific papers dealing with eGovernment research. The methodology for ranking countries according to the level of development of eGovernment by the United Nations and the European Union is explained in detail. Given that the EU analysis included 27 + 8 European countries, the results of the level of development of eGovernment by the UN for the year 2022 were analyzed only for 27 + 8 European countries. The statistical processing of the thus obtained UN results with the latest EU results regarding eGovernment, from 2021, was carried out. At the end, a proposal for a slightly modified methodology used by the UN is given in order to take into account the advantages brought by EU research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102199"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The silence of the LLMs: Cross-lingual analysis of guardrail-related political bias and false information prevalence in ChatGPT, Google Bard (Gemini), and Bing Chat","authors":"Aleksandra Urman ,&nbsp;Mykola Makhortykh","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents a comparative analysis of political bias in the outputs of three Large Language Model (LLM)-based chatbots – ChatGPT (GPT3.5, GPT4, GPT4o), Bing Chat, and Bard/Gemini – in response to political queries concerning the authoritarian regime in Russia. We investigate whether safeguards implemented in these chatbots contribute to the censorship of information that is viewed as harmful by the regime, in particular information about Vladimir Putin and the Russian war against Ukraine, and whether these safeguards enable the generation of false claims, in particular in relation to the regime’s internal and external opponents. To detect whether LLM safeguards reiterate political bias, the article compares the outputs of prompts focusing on Putin’s regime and the ones dealing with the Russian opposition and the US and Ukrainian politicians. It also examines whether the degree of bias varies depending on the language of the prompt and compares outputs concerning political personalities and issues across three languages: Russian, Ukrainian, and English. The results reveal significant disparities in how individual chatbots withhold politics-related information or produce false claims in relation to it. Notably, Bard consistently refused to respond to queries about Vladimir Putin in Russian, even when the relevant information was accessible via Google Search, and generally followed the censorship guidelines that, according to Yandex-related data leaks, were issued by the Russian authorities. A subsequent evaluation of Gemini showed that the chatbot restricts political information beyond what was officially confirmed by Google. In terms of false claims, we find substantial variation across languages with Ukrainian and Russian prompts generating false information more often and Bard being more prone to produce false claims in relation to Russian regime opponents (e.g., Navalny or Zelenskyy) than other chatbots. We also found that while GPT4 and GPT4o generate less factually incorrect information, both models still make mistakes, with their prevalence being higher in Russian and Ukrainian than in English. This research aims to stimulate further dialogue and research on developing safeguards against the misuse of LLMs outside of democratic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102211"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming social and ethical challenges of AI through organizational resilience. A PLS-SEM approach","authors":"Katarzyna Sienkiewicz-Małyjurek ,&nbsp;Barbara Zyzak","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to verify the impact of organizational resilience (OR) on the social and ethical challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption and utilization. This is a significant topic as AI usage in governments is rapidly growing, followed by opportunities, many unknowns, and challenges for public servants. Although scholars have increased their focus on overcoming challenges caused by digital technology in general, there is still a need to expand their focus to a specific type of technology, such as AI. Therefore, we ask whether organizational resilience can help overcome social and ethical AI challenges. To answer this question, we base our research on the survey realized in Poland among 414 city governments. The data analysis employed PLS-SEM revealed that a proactive approach manifested through the strategic planning dimension of OR is crucial to overcoming social and ethical challenges of AI adoption and utilization. In contrast, a reactive approach based on adaptive capacities is not significant. These findings have important implications for theory and practice, particularly for creating conditions that foster the development of AI adoption and utilization in city governments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102210"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to fight loneliness: The importance of networked friendship quality and self-esteem differs with age","authors":"Brandon C. Bouchillon","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loneliness has increased dramatically in the United States, with young Americans being the loneliest. They spend more time on the Internet than previous generations, which is argued to have displaced interpersonal contact and connections. This socioemotional isolation can damage self-esteem, so research has begun to consider the potential for networked social living to improve how users feel about themselves, and how they connect with others. The present study contributes to this literature by weighing the influence of networked friendship quality—or developing a sense of closeness with other people when social networking—on trait self-esteem and loneliness. A web survey was conducted in September 2022 and matched to U.S. Census percentages for sex, race, ethnicity, age, and region of residence (<em>N</em> = 1500), followed by a second wave of the survey six weeks later, to create a two-wave panel (<em>N</em> = 752). In both the cross-sectional sample and the panel, networked friendship quality contributed to self-esteem, and gains in self-esteem led to reductions in loneliness. This indirect association was the largest for the youngest users surveyed, who base more of their self-perception on becoming close with other users social networking. This allows networked friendship quality to offer a potent means of addressing loneliness for them, albeit indirectly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102212"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding online shopping fraud among Chinese elderly: Extending routine activity theory in the online context","authors":"Hongliang Chen ,&nbsp;Miao He ,&nbsp;Lulu Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drawing from routine activity theory (RAT), this study explored the antecedents of older adults’ exposure to online shopping fraud and evaluated the moderators of the linkage between fraud exposure and victimization. Through a survey of 471 Chinese participants aged 55 and above, we found that older adults who engage in high-risk online behaviors, use insecure networks, frequently encounter promotional advertisements, and regularly shop on live-streaming platforms are at a heightened risk of fraud exposure. Following exposure, those exhibiting excessive trust in Internet platforms and a strong face-saving bias were more likely to incur monetary losses. Our research reframed RAT into a structured two-stage process, with fraud exposure leading to victimization, moderated by guardianship, and highlighted the critical role of cognitive biases among older adults. These findings offer valuable insights for developing effective safeguards to protect older people in the digital shopping landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102208"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging with underserved communities during times of crises: A computational analysis of social media interactions with government information about COVID-19 economic relief programs","authors":"Jihye Lee ,&nbsp;Soojong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Racial and social inequalities in the digital landscape remain pressing concerns in society. Previous research on government efforts to address digital inequality has largely focused on improving access to digital infrastructure and literacy. However, there is a severe shortage of research that examines how underserved communities engage with government information on relief measures and policies during crises. This study fills these gaps by drawing insights from three bodies of literature – digital inequality, the situational theory of problem solving, and fear. We investigate how underserved communities, such as low-income individuals, communities of color, and rural populations, interacted with government information about COVID-19 economic relief programs designed to mitigate the adverse effects of crises, and how fear influenced public engagement patterns. We analyzed Facebook posts (<em>N</em> = 28,887) containing links (URLs) to government websites on COVID-19 economic relief programs from 2020 to 2022. Our findings show that posts shared within underserved communities generated higher levels of engagement (shares, comments) compared to those shared in nonunderserved communities. This indicates that underserved communities showed great interest in and participation with government information about relief programs during the pandemic. Notably, engagement significantly decreased when fear was expressed in discussions, and such a pattern was more pronounced in underserved communities than in nonunderserved ones. These results offer valuable insights into the communication dynamics of underserved communities during crises, contributing to a deeper understanding of digital inequality within the policy context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102209"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crypto-Cognitive Exploitation: Integrating Cognitive, Social, and Technological perspectives on cryptocurrency fraud","authors":"Arif Perdana ,&nbsp;Hee Jhee Jiow","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising prominence of cryptocurrency in global finance has unfortunately rendered it a prime target for scams, leading to significant financial losses. This study employs Cognitive Vulnerability Theory and the Social Engineering Approach to examine the dimensions, consequences, and prevention strategies of cryptocurrency scams. We analyzed data from the U.S. Department of Financial Protection and Innovation (DFPI), focusing on the dimensions of scams within the digital landscape and the efficacy of digital strategies and regulations in mitigating them. Our findings reveal seven critical dimensions of cryptocurrency scams and introduce the “Crypto-Cognitive Exploitation Model” (CCEM), which integrates theoretical insights with the unique aspects of these scams. Quantitative analysis indicates that fraudulent trading platform scams are the most prevalent, often intertwined with pig butchering scams, highlighting the complex, multifaceted nature of these fraudulent activities. We demonstrate the practical application of our recommendations, bridging theory and practice in scam mitigation. The study concludes with strategic recommendations for tailored digital approaches and enhanced regulatory mechanisms to combat evolving deceptive practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102191"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the dynamics of binge-scrolling: A comprehensive analysis of short-form video consumption using a Stimulus-Organism-Response model","authors":"Joohye Park ,&nbsp;Yoonhyuk Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid rise of short-form content has led to the emergence of a new media consumption behavior termed “binge-scrolling,” where users sequentially consume numerous short videos. However, systematic analysis of this phenomenon is lacking in existing literature, which primarily attributes excessive usage to individual factors. Therefore, drawing on the stimulus-organism-response paradigm, this study designated the platform factor of short-form video services as an environmental stimulus and developed a research model to investigate how features influence users’ negative responses and subsequent coping behaviors. Employing a mixed-method approach, this study discovered that the infinite scrolling feature inherent in the short video services contributes to a perceived loss of self-control among users. This can result in users’ feelings of regret and diminished cognitive engagement and compel them to curtail their time using the video service. The significance of this study is manifold. The study is the first to explore the emerging behavior of “binge-scrolling” comprehensively by employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. Additionally, it underscores the mediating role of “loss of self-control” between service features and users’ negative internal state by extending the stimulus-organism-response model. Furthermore, this study illuminates a paradoxical effect wherein features initially designed to enhance user engagement, such as infinite scroll, may inadvertentely result in decreased usage time. This calls for the necessity of reassessing service feature with a focus on user experience and advocates for the incorporation of platform factors into policies and regulations governing online services. Thereby, this study offers valuable insights for platform developers, policy makers, users, and researchers, ultimately aiming to enhance user well-being in the rapidly evolving landscape of digital media consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102200"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are you what you emoji? How skin tone emojis and profile pictures shape attention and social inference processing","authors":"Sofia Pelica ,&nbsp;Tiago Rôxo Aguiar ,&nbsp;Sofia Frade ,&nbsp;Rita Guerra ,&nbsp;Marília Prada","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emojis can express emotions and some aspects of the sender’s identity; however, only limited research has explored how the choice of skin tone in emojis influences the perceptions of the users. We examined the interaction between emoji skin tones and profile pictures in instant messaging, using self-reported and eye tracking measures. White participants viewed 14 screenshots of conversations (9 target and 5 fillers) where the sender used an emoji in a Darker or Lighter skin tone, or the default Yellow; alongside profile pictures displaying a Black or White individual, or a landscape as a neutral condition. Results showed that Black senders using Darker emojis were seen as warmer and closer to the receiver, but less competent, suggesting a dimensional compensation effect. Conversely, Black senders using Lighter emojis appeared more competent, but less warm. In the Neutral condition, Lighter emojis improved warmth and relationship quality, but reduced competence inferences, unlike Yellow and Darker emojis, suggesting a black sheep effect (in-group strictness). Yellow emojis were assumed to be sent by White individuals. Eye-tracking measures revealed an implicit bias towards White senders using Darker emojis, although such an impact was not observed for Black senders using Lighter emojis. Overall, findings indicate that skin tone emojis and profile pictures influence sender perception and challenge the neutrality of Yellow emojis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102207"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivations behind problematic short video use: A three-level meta-analysis","authors":"Yuzhou Chen ,&nbsp;Wanshuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Na Zhong ,&nbsp;Min Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tele.2024.102196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Short videos have become increasingly popular in recent years, concurrently raising concerns about problematic short video use (PSVU). Grounded in the Uses and Gratifications (U&amp;G) theory, which posits that individuals are driven by specific motivations in their media usage, numerous empirical studies have explored the connection between motivations and PSVU. However, extant findings exhibit inconsistencies and lack a comprehensive, integrated perspective. This study aimed to integrate the relationships between motivations and PSVU while identifying the motivations most likely to contribute to this phenomenon. A total of 33 studies, 106 effect sizes, and 16,233 participants were included for a three-level meta-analysis through literature retrieval and screening, with a primary focus on studies conducted in China. The results indicated a positive correlation between motivation and PSVU. Further analyses revealed distinct relationships between different types of motivation and PSVU. Notably, eight motivations behind PSVU were identified: information engagement, novelty satisfaction, recreation and enjoyment, stress relief, social interaction, escapism, self-compensation, and self-expression and social identity. Among these, escapism exhibited the strongest association with PSVU, followed by self-compensation and stress relief. These findings provide evidence for the U&amp;G theory in the context of short video media and emphasize the role of motivation in the development of PSVU. Limitations and future directions were also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48257,"journal":{"name":"Telematics and Informatics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102196"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}