International Journal of Intercultural Relations最新文献

{"title":"Love beyond east and west: How cultural models of selfhood predict frequency of being in love","authors":"Ayu Okvitawanli ,&nbsp;Olga Gajewska ,&nbsp;Mohsen Joshanloo ,&nbsp;Vivian L. Vignoles ,&nbsp;Victoria Wai Lan Yeung ,&nbsp;Maciej R. Górski ,&nbsp;Brian W. Haas ,&nbsp;M. Azhar Hussain ,&nbsp;Joonha Park ,&nbsp;Plamen Akaliyski ,&nbsp;Farida Guemaz ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Boussena ,&nbsp;Ángel Sánchez-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Nuha Iter ,&nbsp;Olha Vlasenko ,&nbsp;Michael Harris Bond ,&nbsp;Vivian Miu-Chi Lun ,&nbsp;Liman Man Wai Li ,&nbsp;Nur Amali Aminnuddin ,&nbsp;İdil Işık ,&nbsp;Kuba Krys","doi":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this paper is to understand the implications of different dimensions of cultural models of selfhood for the frequency of being in love across cultures. This is achieved by analyzing large cross-cultural datasets encompassing 49 and 70 countries. In doing so, this paper extends the current discussion regarding the impact of cultural contexts and individual mindsets on the experience of being in love by correlating eight dimensions of independent and interdependent selves (Vignoles et al., 2016). Across eight different self-construal dimensions, we found that the strongest correlate of being in love was the self-expression (vs. harmony) dimension, where a higher frequency of feeling in love, measured by Likert scale from never to all the time, was associated with greater self-expression, both at the country and at the individual levels. Our results refine the discussion on the impact of Individualism/Collectivism on love experiences by demonstrating that it is specifically the self-expression aspect of individualistic/modernized countries that contributes to a higher frequency of being in love.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intercultural Relations","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 102233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The experiences of gay and lesbian first-generation immigrants to Canada: Negotiating identities post-migration","authors":"Melisa Choubak,&nbsp;Hajar Soltan,&nbsp;Saba Safdar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study explored the experiences of gay and lesbian first-generation immigrants to Canada by conducting semi-structured interviews with 10 participants and employing Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The focus was on the negotiation of sexual identity and other central identities post-immigration in the context of diverse and, at times, contrasting cultural influences and social affiliations. Psychological literature on sexual minority first-generation migrants is rare, especially within the Canadian research terrain. Participants provided rich discourse around four main themes: (A) Changes and acceptance of sexual identity post-immigration, (B) Intrapersonal negotiation of sexuality with cultural values and ethnic identities, (C) Interpersonal negotiation of sexuality across cultural boundaries, and (D) Post-immigration reflection and resilience. The findings highlight the crucial role of Canadian LGBTQ+ rights and communal spaces in solidifying sexual identity, particularly for individuals from countries with anti-LGBTQ+ laws. The study also importantly addresses the ongoing stigmatization participants face in Canada, both from their ethnic or national communities and from Western LGBTQ+ communities, emphasizing the complex and multifaceted nature of their otherization. The study expands existing frameworks by providing a holistic view of the participants' challenges and offers insight for improving support systems within the Canadian context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intercultural Relations","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 102242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural religiosity moderates the relationship between being in love and subjective well-being","authors":"Mateusz Olechowski ,&nbsp;Maciej R. Górski ,&nbsp;Mohsen Joshanloo ,&nbsp;M. Azhar Hussain ,&nbsp;Arkadiusz Wasiel ,&nbsp;Victoria Wai Lan Yeung ,&nbsp;Michael Harris Bond ,&nbsp;Brian W. Haas ,&nbsp;Farida Guemaz ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Boussena ,&nbsp;Ángel Sánchez-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Nuha Iter ,&nbsp;Olha Vlasenko ,&nbsp;Vivian Miu-Chi Lun ,&nbsp;Liman Man Wai Li ,&nbsp;Nur Amali Aminnuddin ,&nbsp;İdil Işık ,&nbsp;Dieynaba Gabriel Ndiaye ,&nbsp;Márta Fülöp ,&nbsp;David Igbokwe ,&nbsp;Kuba Krys","doi":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research indicates that the significance of love varies considerably across cultures. In the present study, we introduce an often-overlooked cultural factor – religiosity – to explore its influence on the relationship between being in love and five dimensions of subjective well-being. We conducted two cross-cultural studies with 31,608 participants from 117 samples across 83 societies. Our findings reveal that, in more religious cultures, being in love is a weaker predictor of well-being compared to more secular cultures in four out of six models. These findings indicate that national context influences the relative importance of various emotions and experiences for well-being, underscoring the need to account for cultural context in research on love.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intercultural Relations","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 102227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘What is love?’: Exploring the feeling rules and emotion work of Chinese users in human-AI romance","authors":"Kenton Cheng Tak Chan ,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan Li ,&nbsp;Yue Liu ,&nbsp;Bolin Chen ,&nbsp;Zhiyu Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human-AI romantic relationships raise critical questions about attachment, cultural norms, and emotional vulnerability, particularly within non-Western contexts where their sociocultural underpinnings remain underexplored. This study investigates the emotional dynamics of human-AI romance in China through the lens of Hochschild’s (1983) feeling rules and emotion work. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), we examined user-generated content from Chinese human-AI romance communities on social media platforms and conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 users who experienced forming and dissolving relationships with AI companions. The findings identify four key phases of human-AI romance: 1) configuring expectations and seeking emotional fit, where users acted as autonomous ‘players’; 2) navigating the boundaries of passion and control, where users engaged in algorithmic co-construction for deeper intimacy; 3) disengaging from algorithmic fantasy due to personal choices or AI withdrawal, where users experienced emotional bereavement; and 4) post-relationship critical reflections, where users re-examined cultural feeling rules of love, seeking support online or re-engaging real-world intimacy. While users increasingly adapted existing feeling rules prescribed by cultural norms to align with the neoliberal consumption of affect overriding traditional values, their continuing emotion work pointed to broader cultural negotiations and identity development. The potential risks of emotional dependence and cognitive bias are discussed. This research contributes to understanding technology-mediated intimacy in non-Western settings and provides a foundation for future cross-cultural investigations into the evolving emotional landscape of human-AI relationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intercultural Relations","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 102241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fostering empathic connections between domestic students and international students in Canada via expressions of hope","authors":"Ying Shan Doris Zhang ,&nbsp;Denise J. Larsen ,&nbsp;Kimberly A. Noels ,&nbsp;Chelsea Hobbs","doi":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studying abroad provides opportunities for personal and professional growth, but it also presents challenges, especially in regards to language barriers and cultural differences. These challenges may complicate cross-cultural transitions for international students, leading to feelings of social isolation. To address these difficulties, the present study examines the potential of hope-based dialogues as a way to bridge these gaps, fostering intercultural understanding, empathy, and stronger connections between international and domestic students in Canada. Grounded in positive psychology, the current research emphasizes the role of hope, in particular, other-oriented hope, in promoting empathic intercultural connections. Specifically, this study examines whether dialogues centered on shared experiences of cross-cultural adjustment can deepen the understanding and connections between students from different cultural backgrounds. Twelve international students and 11 domestic students from a Western Canadian university participated in a two-session interactive workshop, during which they engaged in a series of activities designed to elicit hope-based conversations related to their study abroad experiences. Thematic analysis revealed that these dialogues effectively fostered empathy and facilitated meaningful connections that transcended cultural boundaries. The participants’ shared experiences of cross-cultural challenges, which highlighted common struggles, and thereby enhanced mutual understanding. Further, shared aspirations sparked expressions of other-oriented hope - hopes for the success and well-being of others, which further strengthened these connections. Together, the findings underscore the potential of hope-based dialogues to promote positive intercultural interactions, suggesting that integrating such conversations into university support programs and broader intercultural contexts, such as immigrant services, can enhance social integration and foster community building.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intercultural Relations","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 102235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying an equivalent indigenous concept model to understand Love in Mandarin Chinese (爱) and Ukrainian (кохаю)","authors":"Fan Yang ,&nbsp;David Dalsky","doi":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Love is a universal phenomenon, yet indigenous conceptualizations of <em>love</em> exist by the thousands in languages worldwide. In this paper, the authors propose that sharing linguistic knowledge (explicit semantic and implicit pragmatic) and cultural knowledge (explicit etic and implicit emic) of indigenous <em>love</em> concepts through intercultural dialogue can liberate people’s understanding of <em>love</em> “imprisoned in English” (Wierzbicka, 2013) from an indigenous psychology perspective. The authors propose an “Equivalent Indigenous Concept Model” for the intercultural understanding of <em>love</em> in Mandarin Chinese (爱; a<em>i</em>) and Ukrainian (кохаю; <em>kohayu</em>). In this study, two graduate students (a Chinese and a Ukrainian) enrolled in an <em>Intercultural Understanding Pedagogy</em> seminar at a leading Japanese research university discussed their indigenous conceptualizations of <em>love</em>. Results of an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) based on the students’ intercultural communication (in English) suggest that, at the semantic and etic levels, both 爱 and кохаю represent profound emotions in romantic relationships. However, at the pragmatic and emic levels, 爱 functions as emotional ties that connect the individual, family, and nation, with an emphasis on commitment and responsibility. In contrast, кохаю primarily describes romantic love, specifically applicable to romantic partners, and emphasizes its sacredness. The scope, historical roots, and expressions of <em>love</em> concepts—as well as the dynamic and bittersweet nature of love and its relationships with marriage and family—are discussed from Chinese and Ukrainian socio-cultural perspectives. These findings support the proposition that equivalent indigenous concepts such as 爱 and кохаю represent a universal phenomenon – love, in this case – yet are likely expressed and experienced differently in specific cultural contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intercultural Relations","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 102237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Love, culture, and well-being: How values moderate the link between relationship status and well-being across 57 countries","authors":"Magdalena Śmieja ,&nbsp;Alicja Walczak ,&nbsp;Jakub Cacek ,&nbsp;Maciej R. Górski ,&nbsp;Michael Harris Bond ,&nbsp;Biljana Gjoneska ,&nbsp;M. Azhar Hussain ,&nbsp;Mohsen Joshanloo ,&nbsp;Ewa Szumowska ,&nbsp;Julien Teyssier ,&nbsp;Victoria Wai Lan Yeung ,&nbsp;Brian W. Haas ,&nbsp;Farida Guemaz ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Boussena ,&nbsp;Ángel Sánchez-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Nuha Iter ,&nbsp;Olha Vlasenko ,&nbsp;Vivian Miu-Chi Lun ,&nbsp;Liman Man Wai Li ,&nbsp;Nur Amali Aminnuddin ,&nbsp;Kuba Krys","doi":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the interplay between relationship status, well-being, and values across 57 countries. We hypothesized that individuals in romantic relationships would report higher well-being (measured as happiness, harmony, and meaning in life) compared to singles. We anticipated that in cultures prioritizing relationships, the benefits of being coupled would be amplified, while in societies emphasizing autonomy, the well-being gap would diminish. Specifically, we posited that values prevalent in WEIRD societies (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic)–such as self-direction and achievement–would positively moderate the association between relationship status and well-being, whereas values characteristic of non-WEIRD societies–such as tradition and conformity–would have a negative moderating effect. Our findings support that coupled individuals generally report higher well-being; however, the moderating effects of cultural values were more complex than expected. Cultural classifications of WEIRD and non-WEIRD did not consistently explain the well-being gap. Interestingly, in cultures emphasizing conformity, single and coupled individuals both reported greater meaning, leading to an overall decrease in the well-being gap. Conversely, higher self-direction values were associated with a wider well-being gap, with singles experiencing decreased happiness and meaning. These findings suggest that values such as conformity and self-direction exert domain-specific effects on well-being, influenced by broader social context and individual perceptions. Our research highlights the necessity of integrating cultural and individual factors in well-being research to achieve a more nuanced understanding of the quality of life for singles and those in relationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intercultural Relations","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 102232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessing the metrics of integration: Toward eliminating the blur between theory and statistics to clarify effect sizes, measurement, and causality in acculturation psychology","authors":"Dmitry Grigoryev ,&nbsp;Albina Gallyamova ,&nbsp;Elizaveta Komyaginskaya","doi":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The debate around the integration hypothesis in acculturation research frequently centers on the interpretation of effect sizes. While critics argue that these effects are too small and inconsistent to be meaningful, supporters maintain that they reflect statistically robust and theoretically coherent patterns. This controversy reveals a broader epistemological challenge in psychology: persistent ambiguity regarding what constitutes a ‘sufficient’ effect size, rooted in limited attention to the philosophical foundations of measurement and causality. In particular, this includes neglect of the ergodic fallacy—the mistaken assumption that group-level patterns apply directly to individuals—and confusion between statistical regularities and causal explanations. This paper addresses these concerns through three interrelated discussions. First, it re-evaluates the empirical status of the integration hypothesis in light of recent meta-analyses and the epistemic weight of small effects in complex systems. Second, it analyzes how effect sizes should be interpreted across different levels of analysis—individual, inter-individual, and group—and emphasizes the need to align interpretation with the appropriate unit of explanation. Third, it explores the philosophical foundations of psychological measurement, distinguishing between data patterns, theoretical constructs, and causal inferences. Rather than viewing effect sizes as direct indicators of psychological properties or causal strength, we conceptualize them as structured regularities shaped by research design, measurement models, and ontological assumptions. By clarifying these issues, this paper offers a framework for more coherent, theoretically informed interpretations of empirical findings in acculturation psychology and calls for a shift from simplistic magnitude judgments to context-sensitive evaluation of what effect sizes represent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intercultural Relations","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 102240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The social identity and psychology of mixed-race individuals: An international study","authors":"Mark Cleveland","doi":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immigration drives population growth in most Western countries. The resulting cultural diversity is accompanied by a sharp rise in mixed-race unions and people with mixed-race heritage. Many studies have investigated ethnic and racial identity and to account for their impact on self-concept, cognition, emotions, and behaviors. Relative to their monoracial counterparts, mixed-race individuals face additional challenges when constructing and expressing their ethnic and racial identity, and these processes are further complicated by how others perceive and label them. Research into mixed-race social identity and the predictors and psychological outcomes of this identity, is still in its infancy. With data gathered from mixed-race individuals living in three countries (Canada, USA, UK), a second order factor structure for operationalizing multidimensional character of mixed-race identity (MRI) is tested. I then investigate how various aspects of MRI are informed by the minority-parent’s ethnic maintenance, and by independent and interdependent self-construals. I also examine how MRI affects collective self-esteem and life satisfaction, and how it associates with a series of pertinent beliefs and opinions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intercultural Relations","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 102239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality and cross-cultural adjustment: The moderating role of cross-cultural motivation in Chinese students' adjustment to life in Russia","authors":"Yulia Muzychenko ,&nbsp;Olga Morozova","doi":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the moderating role of cross-cultural motivation in the relationship between personality traits and adjustment outcomes among Chinese students in Russia. As internationalization fosters global cooperation, understanding the factors that aid students' cross-cultural and psychological adaptation is critical. The research involved 538 Chinese students with a median age of 23.0 years (IQR: 21.0–25.0) (38.5 % male) from four Moscow universities. Emotional stability (Goldberg's IPIP-50), sense of coherence (Antonovsky's scale), and cross-cultural motivation (Ang and Van Dyne's CQ scales) were examined as predictors of cross-cultural adjustment (Black and Stephens' scale) and educational satisfaction (modified Hackman and Oldham scale).</div><div>Results showed that cross-cultural motivation moderated the relationship between emotional stability and cross-cultural adjustment (β = −.122, p &lt; .01). Higher motivation weakened the positive link between emotional stability and cross-cultural adjustment, benefiting students with lower emotional stability. Additionally, cross-cultural motivation was a strong independent predictor of adjustment outcomes (β =.429, p &lt; .001 for cross-cultural adjustment; β =.171, p &lt; .001 for educational satisfaction). These findings highlight the importance of cross-cultural motivation for the broader student population, not just those with low personality predispositions, and offer practical insights for improving international students' experiences. This research also contributes to the expansion of the integrative communication theory of cross-cultural adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intercultural Relations","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 102231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}