Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Experimental study for evaluation the efficiency of some traditional and nano-composites materials consolidates to improve the archaeological limestone properties","authors":"Mohsen M. Saleh,&nbsp;M. Ezzat,&nbsp;Fatma M. Shebl","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00636-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00636-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Archaeological limestone artifacts are subject to several deterioration factors that can cause harm while they are buried in soil, such as wet salt soil. Thus, one of the biggest challenges is restoring limestone artifacts that have been discovered from excavations. Understanding the nature of limestone after extraction and the resulting alterations, such as the stone’s structural instability and the high salt content of the artifacts, are prerequisites for the restorer. In 1974 AD, King Ramesses III’s gate was excavated from the ancient Heliopolis Temple in Cairo. The stones were removed from the soil and left on display outdoors at the same excavation site, where they were subject to seasonal variations in temperature and environmental changes. The main objective of the research is to select the best consolidating materials suitable for the pieces of limestone stone artifacts discovered from archaeological excavations due to their special nature, which affects them as a result of their presence in burial soil for long time. Selecting appropriate consolidating materials with appropriate characteristics was important. In order to withstand a range of environmental circumstances. The characteristics of the ancient stones at the King Ramesses III Gate site were investigated and analyzed to ascertain their true state, and their percentage of damage was calculated by contrasting them with the identical natural limestone that had not been subjected to any harmful influences. After that, experimental samples were used, and the efficacy of the treatment materials was assessed.</p><h3>Result</h3><p>Experimental study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of some traditional and nano composites materials to improving the properties of stone artifacts extracted from archaeological excavations. Three consolidating solutions were used as follows, paraloid B72 dissolved in acetone 3%, and Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles dissolved in paraloid polymer with acetone at concentrations of 1% and 3%, in addition to nano calcium carbonate dissolved in paraloid polymer with acetone 1% and 3%. The efficiency of the consolidate materials were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope SEM, as well as measuring the water contact angle, in addition to color change testing and measuring the physical and mechanical properties.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Nano materials are considered better than paraloid B72 as a consolidated material and the best outcomes results were obtained with a nano calcium carbonate dissolved in paraloid polymer with acetone 3%.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00636-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supercritical methanolysis of leather tanning waste biomass: experimental investigation, process simulation, and sustainable biodiesel production","authors":"Moatasem Kamel,&nbsp;Leonardo Vitali,&nbsp;Ahmed Abdelnour,&nbsp;Amr A. Abdullah,&nbsp;Abo-alhassan N. Hassan","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00635-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00635-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study explores a sustainable method for biofuel production from leather tanning waste (LTW) using a novel single-step, catalyst-free supercritical methanolysis (SpCM) process. Traditional biodiesel production methods often require catalysts and involve complex purification steps, whereas this study aims to optimize process parameters to enhance biodiesel yield while reducing energy and material consumption.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The research employed a Box–Behnken experimental design integrated with response surface modeling (RSM) to optimize key process variables, including alcohol-to-LTW molar ratio (<i>r</i>_mo), operating temperature, pressure, and reaction duration. The produced biodiesel was characterized according to EN 14214 standards. Kinetic studies of the transesterification reaction were conducted, and a robust reactor model was developed in Aspen Plus to estimate the kinetic parameters.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The activation energy (<i>E</i>_a) and pre-exponential factor (<i>A</i>) were determined to be 45.085 kJ/mol and 86.24 s⁻¹, respectively, with a rate constant (<i>k</i>) of 0.0098 s⁻¹ at an optimized temperature of 322.938 °C. The optimized conditions using RSM achieved a biodiesel yield of 89.35% at an <i>r</i>_mo of 32.35:1, a temperature of 322.938 °C, a pressure of 219.073 bar, and a reaction time of 14.26 min. The simulation model under the same conditions predicted a biodiesel yield of 89.49%, demonstrating excellent agreement with experimental results, with a maximum error of 0.54%.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study presents a comprehensive approach to biodiesel production from LTW, demonstrating an efficient and sustainable alternative to conventional methods. The optimized catalyst-free SpCM process minimizes energy input and material usage while achieving high biodiesel yields. These findings contribute to waste valorization in the leather industry and support environmental sustainability efforts.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00635-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of new Cu(II), Ni(II), and Cd(II)-(N-Glycyl-L-leucine) complexes as peptide metalloantibiotics for targeting pathogenic water with antioxidant effect investigation","authors":"Safaa S. Hassan,&nbsp;Eman F. Mohamed,&nbsp;Kirolos Maged,&nbsp;Salma Hassan,&nbsp;Alaa Omran Hamad,&nbsp;Shahinda Nasr,&nbsp;Salma Reda,&nbsp;Poula Nabil,&nbsp;Andrew George,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Shoukry,&nbsp;Samar A. Aly,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Mongy,&nbsp;Entsar E. Badr,&nbsp;Khaled A. Abou Elfetouh,&nbsp;Aml M. Saleh","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00630-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00630-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In recent efforts to address the critical need for clean and portable water, we have focused on innovative methods to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms. To this aim, the N-Glycyl-L-leucine (<b>Gly-Leu)</b> peptide ligand was complexed with different transition metal ions [Cu(II), Ni(II), and Cd(II)] as new peptide metalloantibiotics. The compounds were characterized and examined using various analytical methods, including elemental analysis (CHN), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), assessments of magnetic properties, molar conductivity, ¹HNMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and mass spectroscopy. The ligand acted as a di-anionic molecule using the carboxylate and the deprotonated amide nitrogen atom. The coordination sites were completed with carbonyl oxygen atoms and a water molecule. The complexes showed polymeric structures using bridging carboxylate groups.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The antibacterial properties of the synthesized metal chelate were evaluated using disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods on bacterial organisms identified from water samples taken from the Nile River. At a 1 mg/mL dose, the Cu(II)-chelate showed the biggest inhibitory zone of 27 mm against Klebsiella pneumonia, with a MIC value of 62.5 μg/mL, greater than that of the common gentamicin medication. Molecular docking investigations supported these findings, showing that Cu(II)-chelate had the lowest binding energy of − 6.16 kcal/mol, indicating significant, beneficial interactions with the amino acids in the active region of bacterial proteins. Furthermore, the Cu(II) complex and the COVID-19 main protease showed encouraging results in the docking analysis, indicating that the complex may have antiviral properties and be able to inhibit viral propagation successfully. The metal chelates demonstrated noteworthy antioxidant activity, especially against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH radicals). The IC₅₀ values of the antioxidant assay for Ni(II) and Cu(II) chelates were extremely similar to ascorbic acid, a common antioxidant. Their notable antioxidant capacity was demonstrated by the IC₅₀ values of (14.4, 15.5, and 18 µg/mL) for ascorbic acid, Ni(II), and Cu(II) chelates, respectively.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study successfully demonstrated the potential of a new <b>Gly-Leu</b> peptide ligand complexed with transition metal ions, particularly Cu(II), in eliminating pathogenic microorganisms from water. Cu(II)-chelate exhibited superior antibacterial properties, as confirmed by both experimental and molecular docking results. The chelates also displayed noteworthy antioxidant capacity, comparable to that of ascorbic acid. Additionally, the Cu(II)-chelate demonstrated promising antiviral potential, theoretically interacting effectively with the COVID-19 main protease, which suggests its ability to inhibit viral replication. These results underscore the potential of ","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00630-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro antiproliferative activity, docking study, and plausible mode of action of (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A against breast cancer MCF-7 and T47D cell lines","authors":"Agus Budiawan Naro Putra,&nbsp;Kartika Dyah Palupi,&nbsp;Ahmad Fathoni,&nbsp;Listiana Oktavia,&nbsp;Endah Puji Septisetyani,&nbsp;Arif Nurkanto,&nbsp;Praptiwi Praptiwi,&nbsp;Dewi Wulansari,&nbsp;Adi Santoso,&nbsp;Dwinna Rahmi,&nbsp;Andria Agusta","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00632-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00632-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The endophytic fungus <i>Diaporthe</i> sp. GNBP-10 has been reported to produce metabolite bis-anthraquinone (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A in high titers. In this study, we evaluated the potential of this metabolite as an anti-breast cancer agent by conducting antiproliferative activity studies against two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and T47D.</p><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>The antiproliferative activity of (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A was determined by a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. In addition, the mode of action was assessed by several techniques, including the formation of apoptotic bodies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the interaction or intercalation between (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A with calf thymus DNA as indicated by the UV and ¹H-NMR spectra. Moreover, molecular docking was also conducted.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>(+)-2,2′-Epicytoskyrin A exhibited significant antiproliferative effects against MCF-7 and T47D cells. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values for MCF-7 and T47D cells were 50.77 ± 33.23 µM and 36.24 ± 12.57 µM, respectively. (+)-2,2′-Epicytoskyrin A induced cancer cell death and promoted the formation of apoptotic bodies in both cell lines. These phenomena were expected to be facilitated by the DNA-binding ability of hydrogen atoms contained in (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A. Molecular docking data indicated that (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A might bind to the minor groove area of DNA, suggesting its potential as a DNA intercalator.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study highlighted the potential of (+)-2,2′-epicytoskyrin A as a promising candidate for future breast cancer treatment.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00632-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the effects of Dictyota ciliolata extract on growth performance, feed utilisation, haemato-biochemical indices, hepatic antioxidants activities and immune responses of Clarias gariepinus","authors":"Ademola Z. Aderolu,&nbsp;Ismail O. Ishola,&nbsp;Uzeme P. Aluta,&nbsp;Khadijat O. Abdulwahab,&nbsp;Muyideen O. Lawal","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00619-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00619-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Seaweeds and their derived products represent huge resources that are still underexploited as functional ingredients in fish feeds. This study evaluated the growth performance, nutrient utilisation, antioxidation status, and immunity of <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> fed diets containing <i>Dictyota ciliolata</i> extract (DCE). Ethanolic extract of the brown seaweed <i>D</i>. <i>ciliolata</i> was obtained using the Maceration extraction method. Afterwards, four diets were prepared with DCE at inclusion levels of 0 g/kg (control), 0.25 g/kg (DCE-0.25), 0.5 g/kg (DCE-0.5) and 1.0 g/kg (DCE-1.0). One hundred and twenty fish (14.47 g/fish) were allotted to four triplicate groups (10 fish per group) and fed thrice daily with diets containing DCE at various graded levels. At the end of the feeding trial, there were no statistical differences (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) in final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate among the dietary group. Fish fed DCE-based diet had lower feed conversion ratio and higher protein efficiency ratio that differs significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) from the control. Erythrocytes and leukocytes were significantly higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in <i>C. gariepinus</i> fed DCE-0.25 and DCE-0.5 diets in comparison to the control. The liver function enzyme alkaline phosphatase was higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in fish fed DCE-0.5 and DCE-1.0 diets than the control and DCE-0.25 groups. Dietary DCE improved antioxidant activities and decreased peroxidation of lipid in the hepatic tissue of <i>C. gariepinus</i>. The cytokines (Tumour Necrosis Factor – alpha, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-1 Beta) were significantly elevated (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in the liver tissue of <i>C. gariepinus</i> fed DCE-based diets. Therefore, these results indicate that fish fed DCE diet had better nutrient utilisation, enhanced antioxidants activities and immune responses, suggesting the high suitability of <i>D. ciliolata</i> extract as a functional ingredient to improve the welfare of <i>C</i>. <i>gariepinus</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00619-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological and molecular studies of phytoconstituents from Hordeum vulgare L. leaves: potential treatment for prostate (DU-145) and skin cancer (B16-F10) cell line","authors":"Kiran Kangra,&nbsp;Somdutt Mujwar,&nbsp;Saloni Kakkar,&nbsp;Vandana Garg,&nbsp;Virender Kumar,&nbsp;Navidha Aggarwal","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00623-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00623-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Barley, scientifically known as <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> (<i>H. vulgare</i>), is a versatile cereal grain that belongs to the family Poaceae. Barley has exhibited several pharmacological activities, including anti-diuretic, anti-malarial, anti-rheumatic, anti-dysentery, anti-diarrhoea, and in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The objective of this study was to assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties of leaves of <i>H. vulgare.</i> Eight extracts were prepared by the Soxhlation and maceration method by using solvents like petroleum ether, chloroform, hydro-alcohol, and water. The antioxidant activity of <i>H. vulgare</i> leaves was analysed through the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, while the anti-inflammatory activity was assessed through protein denaturation, anti-protease, and anti-lipoxygenase assays. Extracts prepared from the Soxhlation method showed maximum antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity so they were further screened for cytotoxicity against skin and prostate cancer cell lines. Chloroform extract of leaves of <i>H. vulgare</i> prepared by the Soxhlation method (HSC) showed prominent cytotoxicity against skin cancer compared to prostate cancer. To identify the phytoconstituents present in the HSC extract, an analysis was conducted using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) techniques. The analysis revealed the presence of 16 different compounds in the HSC extract. Subsequently, all 16 compounds underwent in silico modelling to further investigate their cytotoxic properties against skin cancer. Notably, octadecenoic acid emerged as the most prominent compound in terms of its efficacy against skin cancer by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Molecular docking simulation studies were carried out followed by dynamic simulation to confirm their thermodynamic stability. The simulation results revealed a strong binding affinity of octadecenoic acid against MAPK which concludes that octadecenoic acid is a potential inhibitor of MAP kinase activity and is used in the treatment of skin cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00623-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Blastocystis species in immunocompromised patients (cancer, diabetes mellitus, and chronic renal diseases) by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)","authors":"Manal Z. M. Abdellatif,&nbsp;Ekhlas H. Abdel-Hafeez,&nbsp;Usama S. Belal,&nbsp;Noha H. Abdelgelil,&nbsp;Heba Marey,&nbsp;Manar M. S. A. Nasr,&nbsp;Mohamed Mahmoud Abdel-Fatah","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00631-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00631-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Blastocystis</i> spp. is an anaerobic protozoan intestinal parasite, it comprises multiple subtypes (STs), with ST1 to ST9 being isolated from humans worldwide. Using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP), these subtypes are classified into four groups (A to D). This study aimed to detect <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. groups in immunocompromised patients and evaluate their correlation with clinical presentations.</p><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 immunocompromised patients and 50 immunocompetent individuals. All subjects were evaluated for socio-demographic data, clinical features, and parasitic infections. RFLP analysis of the SSU rRNA gene was performed for <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. grouping.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 150 immunocompromised patients, <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. was detected in 83.3% by direct wet mount and 94.7% by PCR, showing significant difference (<i>P</i> = 0.003) compared to immunocompetent individuals (40% and 50%, respectively). Of the PCR-positive immunocompromised patients, 86.7% were symptomatic, with diarrhea being the most common symptom (66%). In immunocompromised patients, group B of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. subtypes (ST3, ST4, and ST8) dominated (86.7%). On the other hand, just 12% of immunocompetent people had symptoms, with group A subtypes (ST1 and ST2) accounting for 38% of the study cases.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><i>Blastocystis</i> spp. group B (ST3, ST4, and ST8) showed higher prevalence than group A (ST1 and ST2) in immunocompromised patients, with diarrhea being the most common clinical manifestation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00631-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on larvicidal activity and phenolic compounds in Mimosa tenuiflora cultivated under field conditions","authors":"Joao Cleme Ananias de Sousa-Junior,&nbsp;Melquisedec de Sousa Oliveira,&nbsp;Carlos Henrique de Araújo Dias,&nbsp;Andréia Amariz,&nbsp;Maryluce Albuquerque da Silva Campos","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00625-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00625-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Mimosa tenuiflora</i> (Willd.) is an essential leguminous tree used in Brazilian northeastern folk medicine, and its extracts have been tested against larvae of <i>Aedes aegypti</i>. These tests typically use parts from adult plants collected in natural environments. However, <i>M. tenuiflora</i> seedlings can be successfully produced using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation technology. Previous studies have reported the benefits of inoculation on <i>M. tenuiflora</i> growth and the accumulation of secondary metabolites, while data on how inoculation affects the biological activities of extracts remain limited. This work investigated the potential of field inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to enhance <i>M. tenuiflora</i> production, focusing on increasing total phenolic levels and improving the larvicidal activity of its extracts against <i>Ae. aegypti</i>.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Inoculation with <i>Gigaspora albida</i> resulted in higher levels of total phenolics, death of larvae, and lower lethal concentration (LC) compared with other treatments. The concentration of phenolics was 249.87 mg. g⁻¹, and the percentage of death after 48 h was 68.33%. At 48 h, the LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values were 147 µg. mL⁻¹ and 1301.83 µg. mL⁻¹ for extracts from plants inoculated with <i>G. albida.</i> For the non-inoculated controls, the LC₅₀ was 800.67 µg. mL⁻¹ and LC₉₀ 8194.26 µg. mL⁻¹, while the inoculation with <i>Claroideoglomus etunicatum</i> resulted in LC₅₀ 1179.16 µg. mL⁻¹ and LC₉₀ 3050.32 µg. mL⁻¹. No differences were observed in the percentage of larvae mortality between extracts from plants inoculated with <i>C. etunicatum</i> and non-inoculated controls. The increased concentration of total phenolics in plants inoculated with <i>G. albida</i> might contribute to the observed potent larvicidal activity. Under field conditions, inoculation of <i>M. tenuiflora</i> with <i>G. albida</i> increases phenolics and larvicidal activity against <i>Ae. aegypti</i> L3 larvae, proving more effective than inoculation with <i>C. etunicatum</i>.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results herein corroborate mycorrhizal technology for improving biological plant-derived activities, indicating <i>G. albida</i> as the best arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to improve the larvicidal effects of <i>M. tenuiflora</i> extracts.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00625-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepato-protective and repro-protective power of immulant (echinacea purpurea) against chlorpyrifos toxicity via apoptotic genes signaling pathway","authors":"Ahlam G. Khalifa,&nbsp;Fadwa A. Elroby,&nbsp;Asmaa K. Abdelghany","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00626-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00626-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In agro practices, insecticides are applied to control insects, thereby boosting yields of crops or storage effectiveness, and minimizing monetary losses. The non-systemic category II (moderately harmful) organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) enters the bodies of humans and animals through consuming food, inhalation, and/or contact with the skin. Immulant (Echinacea purpurea; IM) is an herbal remedy used by both Europeans and Native Americans depending on its numerous biological properties, which include antibacterial, mutagenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory effects. The study target is to evaluate the anti-apoptotic effect of IM against CPF toxicity.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Thirty-two adult male white albino rats were separated into four groups in equal (n = 8 rats per each) as follows: control group (C), chlorpyrifos group (CPF): rats administered CPF at a dose of 6.75 mg/kg b.wt, chlorpyrifos +immulant group (CPF + IM): rats orally gavaged CPF + IM at a dose of 6.75 mg/kg + 150 mgkg b.wt, and immulant group (IM): rats given IM at a dose of 150 mgkg b.wt. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected to obtain serum for testosterone and cholesterol estimation, and rats euthanized by cervical dislocation to collect liver and testes tissue samples for biochemical (caspase-3, c-Jun N-terminal kinase JNK, tumor suppressor gene P53, and activated protein kinase AMPk) and histopathological measures.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Data revealed that CPF induced apoptosis in the liver and testes as exhibited by a significant increase in caspase-3, JNK, AMPk, and P53 levels, and degenerated hepatic and testicular tissues. Treatment with IM has positive effects against hepatic and testicular toxicity by reducing the apoptotic process by restoring the upset of the apoptotic genes and regenerating the degenerated hepatic and testicular tissues.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Immulant possesses anti-apoptotic and regeneration properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00626-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer activity of Elsholtzia winitiana var. dongvanensis Phuong on gastric cancer cells: phytochemical profiling, cell proliferation inhibition, senescence induction, and cell cycle arrest","authors":"Van Hung Hoang,&nbsp;Thi Thanh Huong Le,&nbsp;Phu Hung Nguyen,&nbsp;Duy Hung Nguyen,&nbsp;Quang Tan Luc,&nbsp;Thi Kieu Oanh Nguyen,&nbsp;Khac Hung Do","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00634-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00634-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Elsholtzia</i>, a genus within the Lamiaceae family, comprises 42 species predominantly distributed across East and Southeast Asia. <i>Elsholtzia winitiana</i> var. <i>dongvanensis</i> Phuong (EWD) is a subspecies of <i>Elsholtzia winitiana</i> endemic to the Dong Van–Ha Giang Province Mountain region in Vietnam. While the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of <i>Elsholtzia</i> species have been well-documented, data regarding the anticancer potential remain limited. This study investigated the anti-proliferative effects of EWD extract on AGS gastric cancer cells. </p><h3>Results</h3><p>The metabolite profiling of EWD leaf extract conducted using ultra-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry identified 65 compounds, including triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and phenolic compounds. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that the extract significantly inhibited AGS cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. The cell proliferation rate decreased from 64.7 ± 6.5% to 18.9 ± 1.3% as concentrations increased from 50 to 500 µg/mL, with an IC₅₀ value of 68.7 µg/mL. In the 3D culture model, the EWD extract inhibited tumorsphere formation, resulting in a significant reduction in tumorsphere numbers compared to controls (100%). Additionally, EWD extract induced cellular senescence, with a 31-fold increase in senescent cells at 50 µg/mL and an up to 82-fold increase at 200 µg/mL. Cell cycle analysis indicated that the EWD extract triggered G0/G1 phase arrest, as evidenced by a significant increase in cell proportion at the G0/G1 phase, 59.7% at 100 µg/mL, and 64.6% at 200 µg/mL, compared to 55.9% in the control. Gene expression analysis revealed significant downregulation of cyclin B1, cyclin D2, cyclin E1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, and cyclin-dependent kinase 3, along with increased cyclin-dependent kinase 4 expression.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The EWD extract significantly inhibited proliferation, induced senescence, arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and downregulated cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase genes in the AGS cells, highlighting its potential for gastric cancer therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00634-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}