Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Detection of Blastocystis species in immunocompromised patients (cancer, diabetes mellitus, and chronic renal diseases) by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)","authors":"Manal Z. M. Abdellatif,&nbsp;Ekhlas H. Abdel-Hafeez,&nbsp;Usama S. Belal,&nbsp;Noha H. Abdelgelil,&nbsp;Heba Marey,&nbsp;Manar M. S. A. Nasr,&nbsp;Mohamed Mahmoud Abdel-Fatah","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00631-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00631-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Blastocystis</i> spp. is an anaerobic protozoan intestinal parasite, it comprises multiple subtypes (STs), with ST1 to ST9 being isolated from humans worldwide. Using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP), these subtypes are classified into four groups (A to D). This study aimed to detect <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. groups in immunocompromised patients and evaluate their correlation with clinical presentations.</p><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 immunocompromised patients and 50 immunocompetent individuals. All subjects were evaluated for socio-demographic data, clinical features, and parasitic infections. RFLP analysis of the SSU rRNA gene was performed for <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. grouping.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 150 immunocompromised patients, <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. was detected in 83.3% by direct wet mount and 94.7% by PCR, showing significant difference (<i>P</i> = 0.003) compared to immunocompetent individuals (40% and 50%, respectively). Of the PCR-positive immunocompromised patients, 86.7% were symptomatic, with diarrhea being the most common symptom (66%). In immunocompromised patients, group B of <i>Blastocystis</i> spp. subtypes (ST3, ST4, and ST8) dominated (86.7%). On the other hand, just 12% of immunocompetent people had symptoms, with group A subtypes (ST1 and ST2) accounting for 38% of the study cases.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><i>Blastocystis</i> spp. group B (ST3, ST4, and ST8) showed higher prevalence than group A (ST1 and ST2) in immunocompromised patients, with diarrhea being the most common clinical manifestation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00631-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on larvicidal activity and phenolic compounds in Mimosa tenuiflora cultivated under field conditions","authors":"Joao Cleme Ananias de Sousa-Junior,&nbsp;Melquisedec de Sousa Oliveira,&nbsp;Carlos Henrique de Araújo Dias,&nbsp;Andréia Amariz,&nbsp;Maryluce Albuquerque da Silva Campos","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00625-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00625-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Mimosa tenuiflora</i> (Willd.) is an essential leguminous tree used in Brazilian northeastern folk medicine, and its extracts have been tested against larvae of <i>Aedes aegypti</i>. These tests typically use parts from adult plants collected in natural environments. However, <i>M. tenuiflora</i> seedlings can be successfully produced using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation technology. Previous studies have reported the benefits of inoculation on <i>M. tenuiflora</i> growth and the accumulation of secondary metabolites, while data on how inoculation affects the biological activities of extracts remain limited. This work investigated the potential of field inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to enhance <i>M. tenuiflora</i> production, focusing on increasing total phenolic levels and improving the larvicidal activity of its extracts against <i>Ae. aegypti</i>.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Inoculation with <i>Gigaspora albida</i> resulted in higher levels of total phenolics, death of larvae, and lower lethal concentration (LC) compared with other treatments. The concentration of phenolics was 249.87 mg. g⁻¹, and the percentage of death after 48 h was 68.33%. At 48 h, the LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values were 147 µg. mL⁻¹ and 1301.83 µg. mL⁻¹ for extracts from plants inoculated with <i>G. albida.</i> For the non-inoculated controls, the LC₅₀ was 800.67 µg. mL⁻¹ and LC₉₀ 8194.26 µg. mL⁻¹, while the inoculation with <i>Claroideoglomus etunicatum</i> resulted in LC₅₀ 1179.16 µg. mL⁻¹ and LC₉₀ 3050.32 µg. mL⁻¹. No differences were observed in the percentage of larvae mortality between extracts from plants inoculated with <i>C. etunicatum</i> and non-inoculated controls. The increased concentration of total phenolics in plants inoculated with <i>G. albida</i> might contribute to the observed potent larvicidal activity. Under field conditions, inoculation of <i>M. tenuiflora</i> with <i>G. albida</i> increases phenolics and larvicidal activity against <i>Ae. aegypti</i> L3 larvae, proving more effective than inoculation with <i>C. etunicatum</i>.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results herein corroborate mycorrhizal technology for improving biological plant-derived activities, indicating <i>G. albida</i> as the best arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to improve the larvicidal effects of <i>M. tenuiflora</i> extracts.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00625-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepato-protective and repro-protective power of immulant (echinacea purpurea) against chlorpyrifos toxicity via apoptotic genes signaling pathway","authors":"Ahlam G. Khalifa,&nbsp;Fadwa A. Elroby,&nbsp;Asmaa K. Abdelghany","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00626-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00626-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In agro practices, insecticides are applied to control insects, thereby boosting yields of crops or storage effectiveness, and minimizing monetary losses. The non-systemic category II (moderately harmful) organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) enters the bodies of humans and animals through consuming food, inhalation, and/or contact with the skin. Immulant (Echinacea purpurea; IM) is an herbal remedy used by both Europeans and Native Americans depending on its numerous biological properties, which include antibacterial, mutagenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory effects. The study target is to evaluate the anti-apoptotic effect of IM against CPF toxicity.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Thirty-two adult male white albino rats were separated into four groups in equal (n = 8 rats per each) as follows: control group (C), chlorpyrifos group (CPF): rats administered CPF at a dose of 6.75 mg/kg b.wt, chlorpyrifos +immulant group (CPF + IM): rats orally gavaged CPF + IM at a dose of 6.75 mg/kg + 150 mgkg b.wt, and immulant group (IM): rats given IM at a dose of 150 mgkg b.wt. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected to obtain serum for testosterone and cholesterol estimation, and rats euthanized by cervical dislocation to collect liver and testes tissue samples for biochemical (caspase-3, c-Jun N-terminal kinase JNK, tumor suppressor gene P53, and activated protein kinase AMPk) and histopathological measures.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Data revealed that CPF induced apoptosis in the liver and testes as exhibited by a significant increase in caspase-3, JNK, AMPk, and P53 levels, and degenerated hepatic and testicular tissues. Treatment with IM has positive effects against hepatic and testicular toxicity by reducing the apoptotic process by restoring the upset of the apoptotic genes and regenerating the degenerated hepatic and testicular tissues.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Immulant possesses anti-apoptotic and regeneration properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00626-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer activity of Elsholtzia winitiana var. dongvanensis Phuong on gastric cancer cells: phytochemical profiling, cell proliferation inhibition, senescence induction, and cell cycle arrest","authors":"Van Hung Hoang,&nbsp;Thi Thanh Huong Le,&nbsp;Phu Hung Nguyen,&nbsp;Duy Hung Nguyen,&nbsp;Quang Tan Luc,&nbsp;Thi Kieu Oanh Nguyen,&nbsp;Khac Hung Do","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00634-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00634-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Elsholtzia</i>, a genus within the Lamiaceae family, comprises 42 species predominantly distributed across East and Southeast Asia. <i>Elsholtzia winitiana</i> var. <i>dongvanensis</i> Phuong (EWD) is a subspecies of <i>Elsholtzia winitiana</i> endemic to the Dong Van–Ha Giang Province Mountain region in Vietnam. While the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of <i>Elsholtzia</i> species have been well-documented, data regarding the anticancer potential remain limited. This study investigated the anti-proliferative effects of EWD extract on AGS gastric cancer cells. </p><h3>Results</h3><p>The metabolite profiling of EWD leaf extract conducted using ultra-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry identified 65 compounds, including triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and phenolic compounds. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that the extract significantly inhibited AGS cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. The cell proliferation rate decreased from 64.7 ± 6.5% to 18.9 ± 1.3% as concentrations increased from 50 to 500 µg/mL, with an IC₅₀ value of 68.7 µg/mL. In the 3D culture model, the EWD extract inhibited tumorsphere formation, resulting in a significant reduction in tumorsphere numbers compared to controls (100%). Additionally, EWD extract induced cellular senescence, with a 31-fold increase in senescent cells at 50 µg/mL and an up to 82-fold increase at 200 µg/mL. Cell cycle analysis indicated that the EWD extract triggered G0/G1 phase arrest, as evidenced by a significant increase in cell proportion at the G0/G1 phase, 59.7% at 100 µg/mL, and 64.6% at 200 µg/mL, compared to 55.9% in the control. Gene expression analysis revealed significant downregulation of cyclin B1, cyclin D2, cyclin E1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, and cyclin-dependent kinase 3, along with increased cyclin-dependent kinase 4 expression.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The EWD extract significantly inhibited proliferation, induced senescence, arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and downregulated cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase genes in the AGS cells, highlighting its potential for gastric cancer therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00634-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of contaminated water with pharmaceutical hazards on the Vicia faba plant cell's components and mitosis behavior","authors":"Mariam Alketbi,&nbsp;Rania Ali,&nbsp;Abdullah A. L. Mutery","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00628-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00628-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Paracetamol may have its potential risk to ecosystem when pollute water resources around the hospitals and medicines’ factories areas. Water recycling systems are admitted for irrigation purposes to cover the high needs in water demands. The pharmaceutical hazards in the recycled water should be investigated for its effect on plants’ stability and performance.</p><h3>Method</h3><p>This work carried the cytogenetics and cytological studies to visualize the plants performance under paracetamol stress in four concentrations (0, 6, 12.5, 25 and 50%) in two treatment times 3 &amp; 6 h. On the other hand, the recovery experiment for 24 h after treatment was carried to precise the plant cure status. The study is also supported with TEM (transmission electronic microscope) descriptive investigations to many vital cytoplasmic organelles that affect the plant responses, adaptation, energy level and all metabolic process.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Despite that, the higher used concentration has its cytotoxic and turbo-genic impacts yet, it did not represent any mutagenic threat. It exerted an oxidative stress, chromosomes aberrations (stickiness and disturbances) and genotoxicity (fragmentation) in <i>Vicia faba</i> plant cells. The recovery treatment demonstrated the flexibility of plant detoxification systems to survive and to retain some of its fitness after the influencer disappears.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Paracetamol affected <i>Vicia faba</i> plant cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in <i>Vicia faba</i> plant cells. Therefore, it is important to monitor and regulate the presence of paracetamol in the environment and to develop effective strategies for their removal or degradation from the recycled water as a previous step before being used in plants irrigation.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00628-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytodiversity and morpho-anatomical modification of the wild plants irrigated by tannery effluents","authors":"Sahar Naveed,&nbsp;Peter Olusakin Oladoye,&nbsp;Syeda Sadaf Zahra,&nbsp;Mansoor Hameed","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00629-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00629-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>With the rapid increase in industrialization, irrigation through waste or sewage water is a common practice due to low and scarce freshwater supply. Plants are exposed to hazardous metals that accumulate in plant tissues and negatively affect them. Therefore, current study aimed to investigate the phytodiversity and morpho-anatomical modification of wild plants irrigated by tannery effluents. Six wild plant species were collected from different sites of Multan near tannery industries through the quadrate method.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Results indicated that <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> L. had the highest relative cover, relative frequency, relative density, and important index value, i.e., 35, 10, 30, and 75% followed by other species. The morpho-anatomical modifications showed a reduction in leaf characteristics in <i>C. dactylon</i>, <i>Eragrostis barrelieri</i> Daveau, <i>Polypogon monpeliensis</i> L., <i>Solanum nigrum</i> L., <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L., except in <i>Asparagus adscendens</i> Roxb<i>.</i> A decrease in leaf length was observed in all species with maximum reduction of 55% in <i>T. aestiv</i>um followed by <i>P. monpeliensis</i>. Similarly, reduction in metaxylem area was observed in <i>T. aestivum</i>, whereas sclerenchymatous thickness found to increase in <i>P. monpeliensis</i> by 15%. <i>Asparagus adscendens</i> showed decrease by 70% in comparison to other species.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Variation in the trend of the morpho-anatomical parameters as well as phytodiversity helps to understand the tolerance potential of the wild plants under wastewater irrigation released by tannery industries and that adverse developmental features in wild plants could be used as bioindicators of toxic heavy metal pollution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00629-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability in microplastic abundance, bisphenol A contamination, antioxidant properties, and health risks associated with vegetable consumption","authors":"Luqmon Azeez,&nbsp;Rasheed O. Adetoro,&nbsp;Babatunde K. Agbaogun,&nbsp;Abdulrasarq O. Oyedeji,&nbsp;Hassan K. Busari,&nbsp;Abayomi A. Oladejo,&nbsp;Oyeyinka K. Oyelami,&nbsp;Osilaja Deborah,&nbsp;Ruqoyyah D. Oladeji,&nbsp;Saheed Basiru,&nbsp;Shakirat Muhammad-Lawal,&nbsp;Aisha Hammed,&nbsp;Abdulrahman O. Makanjuola","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00627-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00627-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Plastic pollution, particularly microplastics (MPs) and toxic additives such as bisphenol A (BPA), endangers human health. Therefore, their routes in the environment need to be investigated. This study investigated microplastic (MPs) abundance, bisphenol A (BPA) levels, and antioxidant activity (AA) in three commonly consumed vegetables—green amaranth, jute mallow, and spinach sourced from two markets in Osogbo, southwestern Nigeria. Microscopic technique was used to determine MP abundance, shapes, and colours. High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyse BPA contents while 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to measure AA. A hazard index (HI) and estimated dietary intakes (EDIs) were used to estimate the associated risks and food safety concerns with MP and BPA in vegetables.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, MP abundance in shoots ranged from 4.00 ± 0.50 to 7.67 ± 1.04 particles/g and in roots from 5.33 ± 1.53 to 18.00 ± 6.93 particles/g in spinach and green amaranth, respectively, indicating subsoil contamination. Three shapes (fragment, fibre, and irregular) and five colours (transparent, white, yellow, black, and brown) were detected, with fragment shape and transparent colour dominating. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis revealed a predominance of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, and polyamide microplastics. The BPA ranged from 5.55 ± 0.56 to 6.65 ± 0.00 μg/g while AA ranged from 40.67 ± 6.79 to 72.55 ± 4.03%. A regression analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to identify the relationship among the factors (MPs, BPA, and AA). It is suggested that high levels of MPs and BPA negatively impacted vegetable quality as they are associated with environmental contamination. Contrastingly, AA had a significant positive correlation with vegetable quality. Both EDIs and HI of MPs and BPA were &lt; 1, indicating no significant risk associated with BPA exposure from their consumption.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study highlights the potential health risks of MPs and associated BPA contamination in vegetables. The estimated dietary intake and hazard index suggest no immediate health risks, but long-term exposure remains a concern. MPs and BPA in commonly consumed vegetables warrant stricter monitoring of agricultural soil and irrigation water sources. Microplastic exposure in food crops can be reduced with policies that regulate plastic waste disposal and promote sustainable farming practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00627-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic value of focal hyperechoic mesenteric fat sign as an indicator of the primary source of intra-abdominal pathology in patients with abdominal pain","authors":"Rasha Mahmoud,&nbsp;Hanan M. Alfifi,&nbsp;Mohamed Mossad,&nbsp;Naglaa Ezzat Abd Elmageed","doi":"10.1186/s43088-024-00593-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-024-00593-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Most acute abdominal pain raises the suspension of infectious or inflammatory processes. The most obvious sign of acute intra-abdominal inflammation is frequently the identification of inflamed fat on the ultrasound. The study aimed to determine the specificity and sensitivity of focal hyperechogenic fat sign as a localizer of abdominal pathologies and to correlate findings with other imaging modalities as well as operative and pathological data.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Seventy-six patients with abdominal pain have been examined by ultrasound. In 32 patients (42.1%), focal hyperechogenic fat sign was the only detected sign by ultrasound; however, it was associated with other findings in 44 patients (57.9%). In 16 patients (21.1%), echogenic fat represents the primary source of pathology, while in 59 patients (77.6%), underlying pathologies were detected, &amp; the echogenic fat was a secondary finding. The diagnostic performance of hyperechogenic fat signs shown in the US in detecting the cause of abdominal pain was true-positive sign in 75 cases &amp; false positive in one case. Its sensitivity is high. It was about 98.7%.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our investigation demonstrated that focal hyperechoic mesenteric fat sign on abdominal ultrasound exhibited exceptionally high diagnostic performance, with a sensitivity of 100% and accuracy of 98.7% in detecting potential intra-abdominal pathologies. However, these findings necessitate validation through larger, multi-center prospective studies to establish broader clinical applicability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-024-00593-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative RSM analysis of CO2 laser and abrasive waterjet machining on Armox 500 T armored steel","authors":"M. M. Salem,&nbsp;Tamer Ismail,&nbsp;Y. M. Elattar,&nbsp;A. M. El-Wardany,&nbsp;Ahmed Salama","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00617-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00617-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study employs response surface methodology (RSM) to model and analyze the effects of abrasive waterjet (AWJ) and CO₂ laser cutting on the surface roughness of ARMOX 500 T armor-grade steel (7.6 mm thick). A comprehensive investigation was conducted to evaluate the influence of key AWJ process parameters, including cutting speed, water jet pressure, stand-off distance, and abrasive flow rate. Similarly, for CO₂ laser cutting, the effects of laser power, assist gas pressure, focus plane location, and cutting speed were examined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and process capability statistical techniques were utilized to assess the significance and reliability of the results. The findings indicate that CO₂ laser cutting achieves a lower surface roughness compared to AWJ, suggesting its superior capability for applications requiring high-quality surface finishes. These insights contribute to optimizing cutting processes for high-strength steel components, enhancing efficiency and precision in industrial applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00617-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural diversity and biological activities of naturally derived bafilomycins from actinomycetes","authors":"Aileen Bayot Custodio,&nbsp;John Edward Ico Zapater,&nbsp;Edwin Plata Alcantara","doi":"10.1186/s43088-025-00622-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-025-00622-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Bafilomycins (Baf) are plecomacrolide antibiotics characterized by a 16-membered macrocyclic lactone containing two sets of conjugated dienes linked by a 1,3-dimethyl propan-2-ol (C₃) spacer to an unusually folded tetrahydropyran ring. Bafs are known for their vacuolar H⁺-adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase) inhibitory activity with potential therapeutic applications as antivirals (against, e.g., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Zika virus, rhinovirus), anti-tumor agents (against, e.g., osteosarcoma, various cancer cell lines), and antiparasitic (against e.g. nematodes) among others.</p><h3>Main body</h3><p>Since the discovery of the first Bafs in 1983, numerous Baf derivatives with varying biological activities have been isolated from Actinomycetales organisms, primarily <i>Streptomyces</i> and <i>Kitasatospora</i>. Variations in the Baf structure, particularly in the macrocyclic lactone and tetrahydropyran rings, have led to different Baf derivatives with various levels of biological activities and targets.</p><h3>Short conclusion</h3><p>This paper reviews the naturally derived Bafs from actinomycetes from 1983 to 2024, their structural diversity, and their biological activities. It also highlights the reported differences in Baf bioactivities with changes in structure. Furthermore, this paper classified Bafs based on structural variations relative to Baf A1, specifically: (1) substitution and (2) dehydration of residues; (3) addition of cyclic rings; and (4) tetrahydropyran ring opening. This paper hopes to shed light on underexplored Baf derivatives with more diverse and potent bioactivities.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-025-00622-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}