Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin ameliorates inflammation and autophagy in mice hindlimb ischemia–reperfusion injury","authors":"Marwa Abdeltawab Mohammed,&nbsp;Dalia Abdel-Wahab Mohamed,&nbsp;Asmaa A. Abo Zeid,&nbsp;Marian F. L. Abdelmalak,&nbsp;Maha Tarek Mohamed,&nbsp;Dina Sayed Abdelrahim","doi":"10.1186/s43088-024-00558-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-024-00558-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) for skeletal muscle usually results from vascular injuries or trauma. Sitagliptin (STG) is an effective member of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors drug family that plays roles in oxidative stress regulation, inflammation, and autophagy control. In this study, we evaluated the protective roles of STG against I/R of gastrocnemius muscle and the underlying mechanisms.</p><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Forty-eight mice were randomly allocated into three groups: Group I (<i>n</i> = 24): control group which was subdivided equally into subgroup IA; negative control, subgroup IB; sitagliptin (STG), Group II (<i>n</i> = 12): ischemia–reperfusion injury (I/R), and Group III (<i>n</i> = 12): sitagliptin pretreatment (300 mg/kg/ day; p.o.) for two weeks followed by ischemia–reperfusion injury (STG + I/R). We measured SOD activity and MDA level to assess oxidative stress. Moreover, GLP-1/p-PI3K/ p-AKT expression levels were investigated. Autophagy was estimated by assessing lncRNA H19, Beclin-1 and ATG7 expression by RT-qPCR analysis. Inflammatory markers were assessed by iNOS and NF‐κB expression using immunohistochemistry.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results revealed that STG pretreatment significantly attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation and upregulated GLP-1, p-PI3K, and p-AKT protein levels. Also, LnRNA H19, Becline-1, and ATG7 mRNA expression were downregulated as well as decrease the expression of the inflammatory markers iNOS and NF‐κB with STG pretreatment.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results highlighted the useful effects of Sitagliptin during hind limb I/R that could be mediated by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, and attenuation of excessive autophagy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-024-00558-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142778095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinoic acid inhibition of cell proliferation via activation of CDKN1B signaling in the forebrain and spinal cord during mouse embryonic development","authors":"Ahmed Said,&nbsp;Amira S. AbdElkhalek,&nbsp;Mariam Sherief,&nbsp;Lydia Amir,&nbsp;Maysem Samy,&nbsp;Mariam S. Nabil,&nbsp;Gehan Safwat,&nbsp;Ayman A. Diab,&nbsp;Karima Nasraldin","doi":"10.1186/s43088-024-00582-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-024-00582-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The active metabolite of vitamin A (retinol) is retinoic acid (RA). RA is essential for developing several organs as a signaling molecule that is tightly regulated during embryogenesis. We explored the teratogenic effects of RA on forebrain and spinal cord development modified by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (<i>CDKN1B</i>), as the mechanism underlying RA's teratogenic impacts requires further investigation. The study involved four groups of pregnant mice: the negative control group, the positive control group treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) diluted in sunflower oil, the RA-treated group receiving a low dosage (5 mg/kg), and the RA-treated group receiving a high dosage (10 mg/kg). The treatment groups received daily intraperitoneal RA dissolved in DMSO and diluted with sunflower oil on gestational days 10.5, 11.5, and 12.5. On day 13.5 of pregnancy, the pregnant mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation, and immunohistochemical analyses of brain and spinal cord tissues were performed.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Morphologically, we observed a decrease in the number of implantation sites and the presence of hematomas in several uterus areas in the high-dose RA (10 mg/kg) group. Additionally, RA was shown to cause adverse changes in uterine weight and length. RA treatment indicated elevated levels of <i>CDKN1B</i> expression in spinal cord development, the diencephalon, and the telencephalon.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings demonstrated that by activating <i>CDKN1B</i> as an RA target gene for cell cycle arrest, an excess of RA during brain development in mouse embryos can induce cell undifferentiation during development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-024-00582-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142753936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational design of cobalt oxide nanocubes arrays on Ni foam as durable and robust electrocatalyst for urea electro-oxidation","authors":"Mona M. Ismail,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Farghali,&nbsp;Ahmed G. El-Deen","doi":"10.1186/s43088-024-00572-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-024-00572-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄) is a promising electrocatalyst for efficient urea electro-oxidation, tackling power consumption and environmental challenges. The controllable design of free-standing Co₃O₄ nanostructures grown on Ni foam (NF) substrates was achieved using a green and facile hydrothermal approach. Different reducing agents were applied to synthesize various morphological structures of Co₃O₄, including nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanocubes (NCs) morphologies.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The as-fabricated electrodes were investigated as electrocatalysts for enhanced urea electro-oxidation. Because of its 3D nanostructure with minimal agglomeration and a large interfacial surface area with adequate electroactive sites, the Co₃O₄ NCs/NF had the best energy conversion efficiency of any electrode toward the urea oxidation process. These distinctive features facilitated the electron and urea routes used in the urea electro-oxidation process. It had a low-onset potential of 194.2 mV (vs. Hg/HgO) and a current density of 90.2 mA cm⁻² in a 1 M KOH electrolyte. The electrocatalyst demonstrated excellent anodic activity for urea electro-oxidation with an onset potential of 196.7 mV and a current density of 256.1 mA cm⁻² in 1 M KOH + 0.3 M urea concentration. Furthermore, the Co₃O₄ NCs/NF exhibited long-term stability, as shown by chronoamperometry and stepwise tests after 3600 s in the presence of urea under various operating conditions.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Compared to all the fabricated Co₃O₄ nanostructures, the Co₃O₄ nanocubes revealed the highest electrocatalytic performance toward urea electro-oxidation in all concentrations. Therefore, Co₃O₄ NCs/NF is a promising, robust, and efficient electrocatalyst for direct urea fuel cell applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-024-00572-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142753963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new record of avian reovirus genogroup clusters isolated and molecularly characterized in chickens in Egypt","authors":"Eslam Arafa,&nbsp;Hanan M. F. Abdien,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Zain El-Abideen,&nbsp;Emad Diab,&nbsp;Mohamed Tarek,&nbsp;Mohsen M. Z. El-Dimerdash,&nbsp;Wael K. Elfeil","doi":"10.1186/s43088-024-00568-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-024-00568-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The global poultry industry has been experiencing increasing condemnation at slaughterhouses since 2011, due to the emergence of avian reovirus (ARV) variant strains. Recently seven ARV genogroup clusters were identified based on the σC sequence of the S1 segment that was used as a genetic marker to characterize and classify ARV.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Among ninety-seven suspected broilers, breeders, and commercial grandparent’s homogenates, ARV was PCR confirmed in thirty-five (36%). Samples were collected from different governorates in Egypt, including Giza–Ismailia–Sharqia–Menoufia, and Behira, between 2020 and 2023. A viral isolation trial was performed on weak positive samples, successfully isolating sixteen samples on the LMH cell line forming the characteristic giant cells of ARV infection. Partial sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the σC gene of ten ARV PCR positive samples revealed the circulation of ARV genogroup clusters 1, 2, 4, and 5, eight samples being distinguished from commercially available vaccine strains with a low percentage of nucleotides and amino acid identities.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This research demonstrated that the ARV isolates were distinct compared to commercially available vaccine strains based on partial σC sequence. Detection, isolation, and classification of ARV as genogroups 1, 2, 4, and 5 are recorded. A vigilant surveillance to evaluate the ARV situation in Egypt is urgent. We recommend re-evaluating the ARV commercial vaccines by challenging them with circulating Egyptian field isolates, as well as their cross-protection. In addition, the development of autologous vaccines from both classical and variant strains to provide optimal protection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-024-00568-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Ameliorative effects of Artemisia and Echinacea extracts against hepato and cardiotoxicity induced by DMBA on albino rats: experimental and molecular docking analyses","authors":"Ebtihal salah,&nbsp;Heba El esh,&nbsp;Eman S. Abdel-Reheim,&nbsp;Manal Abdul-Hamid","doi":"10.1186/s43088-024-00581-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-024-00581-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-024-00581-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving lambs’ temperament, performance, and fecundity under three different housing conditions via oxidative stress reduction, metabolic and growth genes regulation by turmeric supplementation","authors":"Fatma Khalil,&nbsp;Nashwa shehata,&nbsp;Marwa A. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Safaa Nady,&nbsp;H. H. Emeash,&nbsp;Asmaa K. Abdelghany","doi":"10.1186/s43088-024-00575-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-024-00575-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Improvement of performance, temperament, and fecundity of lambs using medicinal plants is considered a recent approach in the sheep industry. Climate change, especially in non-controlled houses, affects animals' production. Thus, the current study aimed to determine how turmeric (TU) affected the temperament, performance, and lamb fecundity under three different housing conditions. Thirty-six Ossimi male lambs (about 6 months of age) were randomly divided into three groups under three different housing conditions (n = 12; semi-shaded building, fully shaded building, and semi-shaded building with trees); in each house lambs were subdivided into non-treated (n = 6) and treated (n = 6; 1 g TU lambday) groups for 3 months. Performance and temperament scoring have been recorded. Various biochemical parameters (total protein, glucose and oxidative damage), gene expression of metabolic function and growth indicators (insulin growth factor<i>: IGF-1,</i> leptin<i>: LEP,</i> and myostatin: <i>MSTN)</i>, and testosterone level were measured.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The obtained data showed that TU improved the lambs' temperament in SSB-T and FSB-T lambs; lambs' weight gain enhanced in treated lambs in all houses in the 3rd month. The results of biochemical parameters showed fluctuations throughout the experiment; total protein was elevated in FSB-NT lambs in the 3rd month, while glucose was elevated in SSB + T-NT in the 1st and 2nd month and then decreased in the 3rd month. The MDA elevated in FSB-T and SSB + T-T in the 2nd and 3rd month. TU supplementation elevated the reduced testosterone level in the SSB-T lambs and resulted in significant upregulation of <i>IGF1,</i> and <i>LEP;</i> however,<i> MSTN</i> downregulated in the treated lambs among all housing systems.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Data suggested TU improved lambs' growth and tempered in all houses and ameliorated the recorded reduction in testosterone levels in the SSB house which is commonly used in sheep and upregulated the <i>IGF1</i> and <i>LEP</i> gene levels. Hence, the use of TU as a feed additive improved lambs' growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-024-00575-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of novel CDK2 inhibitors for cancer treatment: integrating ligand-based pharmacophore modelling, molecular docking, DFT, ADMET, and molecular dynamics simulation studies","authors":"Bharath Kumar Chagaleti,&nbsp;Venkatesan Saravanan,&nbsp;M. K. Kathiravan","doi":"10.1186/s43088-024-00577-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-024-00577-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The global landscape of public health faces significant challenges attributed to the prevalence of cancer and the emergence of treatment resistance. This study addresses these challenges by focusing on Cyclin-dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) and employing a systematic computational approach for the discovery of novel cancer therapeutics.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Initial ligand-based pharmacophore modelling, utilizing a training set of five reported CDK2 inhibitors, yielded a robust model characterized by Aro|Hyd| and |Acc|Don| features. Screening this validated model against the ZINC database identified 1881 hits, which were further subjected to molecular docking studies. The top 10 compounds (Z1–Z10) selected from the docking studies underwent Pharmacokinetic parameters Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity profiling, Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies and the top two went for 100ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations by comparing them with the standard Roscovitine. Compounds Z1 and Z2 emerged as the most promising, with docking scores of − 8.05 kcal/mol and − 8.02 kcal/mol, respectively. DFT analysis of the top 10 compounds revealed minimal variations in highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gaps, indicating consistent electronic stability and reactivity across the candidates. MD simulations of Z1 and Z2 confirmed their stable interactions with CDK2, with root mean square deviation (RMSD) values ranging from 1.4 to 2.5 Å for Z1 and 1.5 to 2.4 Å for Z2.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The current research identified compounds Z1 and Z2, which demonstrated significant potential as potent CDK2 inhibitors for cancer therapy, providing valuable insights into the development of more effective CDK2 inhibitors and addressing the critical need for innovative therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-024-00577-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potentiality of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) complex holobiont in transmitting the hepatitis C virus (HCV) with the aid of bacterial microbiota in the midgut","authors":"Fatma I. Abdallah,&nbsp;Bouthaina A. I. Merdan,&nbsp;Fatma A. I. Shaarawi,&nbsp;Ali F. Mohamed,&nbsp;Tharwat A. Selim,&nbsp;Salwa M. A. Dahesh,&nbsp;Magda H. A. Rady","doi":"10.1186/s43088-024-00579-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-024-00579-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The possibility of considering <i>Culex pipiens</i> (<i>Cx</i>. <i>pipiens</i>) as a vector for transmitting the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is controversial and needs further investigation. This work aimed to detect the possibility of transmission of the hepatitis C virus by <i>Cx. pipiens</i> and the role of the bacterial microbiota in their midgut.\u0000</p><h3>Main body</h3><p>Two groups of symbiotic and aposymbiotic of female <i>Cx. pipiens</i> were infected with the hepatitis C virus using an artificial feeding membrane technique. The viral load was detected in the head region for up to 60 min in the infected symbiotic group and 90 min in the aposymbiotic group. The midgut region can harbor the virus for 5 days after feeding. The absence of gut microbiota increases the potentiality of ten females to carry high titer of infective dose (1.2 × 10⁶ IU/ml) of HCV genotype 4a for 6 days. The bacterial midgut microbiota appears to play a significant role in the transmission of HCV. On the other hand, HCV was not detected in the salivary glands of either symbiotic or aposymbiotic mosquitoes during the detection period. <i>Cx</i>. <i>pipiens</i> can transmit HCV from infected female adult mosquitoes to HCV-negative human blood in vitro. The biological parameters were survival rate, blood feeding, oviposition, hatchability rates, and mean digestion period of <i>Cx</i>. <i>pipiens</i> after infection with HCV showed significant changes. Moreover, an ex vivo assay demonstrated that HCV-infected mosquitoes could transmit the virus RNA into healthy blood.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results suggested that the mosquitoes’ mechanical transmission of HCV was reasonable. In addition, the mosquito microbiome played a significant role in determining the potentiality of mosquitoes as a vector for disseminating HCV infections.</p><h3>Graphic abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-024-00579-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic efficacy of amygdaline and amygdaline-loaded niosomes in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease via oxidative stress, brain neurotransmitters, and apoptotic pathway","authors":"Ahmed H. El-Banna,&nbsp;Fatma I. Abo El-Ela,&nbsp;Ahmed Abdel-Wahab,&nbsp;Amr Gamal,&nbsp;Abdel-Razik H. Abdel-Razik,&nbsp;Hossny A. El-Banna,&nbsp;Salma.I. Elsamannoudy,&nbsp;Marwa A. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Asmaa K. Abdelghany","doi":"10.1186/s43088-024-00573-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-024-00573-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a specific form of neurodegeneration that is marked by impairments in memory and cognition. Exposure to some metal toxins, such as aluminum (AL), was directly linked to the onset of AD as it was hosted in the body via several exposure routes and can change the permeability and cross the blood–brain barrier. Due to amygdaline’s existence, apricot kernel therapy for AD is believed to have been established to be successful in numerous investigations. Amygdaline has been shown to have antioxidant effects that mitigate oxidative damage, and free radicals scavenger activity, as well as amygdaline niosomes as a nanoparticle has been found to improve the drug’s efficiency and selectivity. The objectives of this investigation are to study the neuroprotective role of amygdaline, and amygdaline-loaded niosomes formulation in the diminishment of the incidence of AD in neurotoxin (aluminum chloride; AlCl₃) AD animal model.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Data revealed that AlCl₃ caused cognitive decline that was confirmed by cognitive behavioral tests (novel object and Y-maze); biochemical disturbances that include marked oxidative stress (elevated malondialdehyde and reduced total antioxidant capacity), reduced acetylcholinesterase, and brain monoamines levels (nor adrenalin; 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; 5-hydroxytryptamine /serotonin; dopamine), and gene regulation upset (down-regulated transcript levels of acetylcholinesterase; monoamine oxidase; BCL-2 and up-regulated transcript levels of BAX), as well as neurodegenerative changes were observed in the hippocampus of AlCl₃-treated rats. Treatment with amygdaline and amygdaline-loaded niosomes formulation improved working memory and recognition, alleviated oxidative stress, and restored the levels of brain monoamines and neurotransmitters. Moreover, gene expression data showed a significant down-regulation of <i>BAX</i>, while BCL-2, acetylcholinesterase, and monoamine oxidase were significantly up-regulated. Additionally, the histopathological examination showed reduced neurodegeneration.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Conclusively, it was evident that amygdaline and amygdaline-loaded niosomes formulation possess a neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement role in AD via their potent antioxidant potential, neurotransmitters, and gene expression regulations, as well as neural damage reduction capability.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-024-00573-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting tuberculosis diagnosis: the prospect of urine lipoarabinomannan assay as a diagnostic tool in people living with human immunodeficiency virus","authors":"Ayodele Isaac Adedokun,&nbsp;Gaius Bala,&nbsp;Nafisa M. K. Elehamer,&nbsp;Raphael Yohanna,&nbsp;Boluwatife Deborah Oyelabi,&nbsp;Samuel Eniola Gana","doi":"10.1186/s43088-024-00578-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43088-024-00578-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Tuberculosis, since its discovery has become a global health burden, continuously spreading across the nations of the earth with increased mortality. Its effect on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) progression and immune cell deterioration cannot be overlooked. The widespread use of traditional and molecular TB diagnostic methods has been hindered by several factors. Nonetheless, the development of a rapid, sensitive, timely, non-invasive diagnostic protocol could revolutionise the diagnostic era and halt the spread of this infectious agent. It could also help in the early diagnosis of the infection in poorly developed areas. The detection efficacy of urine lipoarabinomannan assay as a prospect in tuberculosis diagnosis in HIV-positive patients was assessed in this study. Urine samples were collected into a wide-mouthed universal container from HIV-positive patients with signs and symptom of tuberculosis and HIV advanced disease. Alere determine urine lateral flow—LAM test was used for the detection of LAM antigen in urine samples of HIV-positive patients. The CD4 count of the HIV-positive patients was also documented.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 85 HIV-positive subjects were included in the analysis based on the inclusion criteria. Urinary LAM was reactive in 29 (34.1%) of 85 HIV-positive patients and non-reactive in 56 (69.1%). The majority of the participants had a CD4⁺ count &lt; 200 cells/µL 60 (70.6%), while others had CD4⁺ count ≥ to 200 cells/µL 25 (29.4%). There was no statistically significant difference between CD4 count and LAM positivity. Most of the affected age groups in the study were 31–45 years, and females had preponderance in comparison to male subjects.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The use of urinary LAM in HIV-positive patients is a helpful tool for TB screening. It also has a promising ability for early TB diagnosis in the study group and other TB-associated disease conditions in resource-deprived settings. For the general populace, further research is required to certify its sensitivity and specificity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":481,"journal":{"name":"Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bjbas.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43088-024-00578-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}