Development and Change最新文献

{"title":"The Political Economy of Reparations and the Dialectic of Transnational Capitalism","authors":"Hilbourne A. Watson","doi":"10.1111/dech.12860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12860","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The contemporary global capitalist crisis provides the context for studying reparations, the struggles for which face uphill challenges, foremost because transnational capital will only engage with reparations to serve its own interests. Far from being a panacea for historical wrongs, reparations campaigns are shaped by the historical logics of capitalist accumulation and the liberal racial social contract. The cases of Namibia and the Commonwealth Caribbean (CARICOM) that are examined in this study highlight the contradictions that underpin the demand for reparations arising from genocide in Namibia and capitalist slavery in the CARICOM region. The cases reveal an association of reparations initiatives with buying complicity or capitalist fixes rather than reparative justice for historical grievances, while more autonomous demands for reparations face violent suppression, as in the case of Haiti. Today's reparations struggles are further undermined by revolutionary innovations in digital and robotics technology, confronting exploited racialized populations with a rapidly dwindling supply of jobs. This article locates the contemporary reparations debate within the wider context of global capitalism and its racialized liberal foundations, tracing the links between colonial wrongs, international power relations and ongoing systems of capitalist accumulation which reparations are used to stabilize rather than challenge. It is thus difficult to make a case for the transformational potential of reparations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 4","pages":"752-772"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobilized Resilience and Development under Sanctions in Iran","authors":"Zep Kalb","doi":"10.1111/dech.12859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12859","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How do states maintain economic development in the face of sanctions? Recent studies have examined economic resilience as a property of a system preceding a shock, leaving unanswered questions about how sanctioned states discipline employers and limit predatory behaviour. Using the case of Iran, this article aims to fill this gap by presenting a model of <i>Mobilized resilience</i>, describing how bottom-up and top-down mobilizations can create demand for institutional capacity. Integrating unique qualitative and quantitative material, the author argues that Iran's political elites responded to sanctions by launching top-down campaigns that appealed to workers, promoted capital–labour unity, and demanded state commitment to development. These campaigns facilitated widespread labour protests that further empowered the state to block capital flight and steer firms onto more profitable, growth-oriented routes. Labour ‘resistance’ thus unexpectedly helped to realize the Supreme Leader's calls for a ‘resistance economy’. These findings suggest that political support for worker mobilization in the context of sanctions can result in economic benefits, with significant consequences for our understanding of economic statecraft, development and labour movements.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 5","pages":"933-964"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12859","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Critical Framing of Data for Development: Historicizing Data Relations and AI","authors":"Alexander Martin Mussgnug,&nbsp;Sabina Leonelli","doi":"10.1111/dech.12857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12857","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nick Couldry and Ulises A. Mejias, &lt;i&gt;The Costs of Connection: How Data Is Colonizing Human Life and Appropriating it for Capitalism&lt;/i&gt;. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press, 2019. 352 pp. £ 15.50 paperback&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;b&gt;Matteo Pasquinelli, &lt;i&gt;The Eye of The Master: A Social History of Artificial Intelligence&lt;/i&gt;. London: Verso Books, 2023. 272 pp. £ 13.85 paperback&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recent years have witnessed increasing efforts to leverage emerging data sources and digital technologies in the design and delivery of international development programmes. Today, big data and artificial intelligence (AI) in particular have become a formative part of development work. This is evidenced by the establishment of intergovernmental innovation labs such as the UN Global Pulse, academic research centres such as the University of California Berkeley's Global Policy Lab, and a plethora of industry-driven initiatives. Under the banner of ‘data for development’, large-scale data integration for logistical, managerial and administrative purposes is heralded as revolutionizing capacity-building efforts in low-resourced nations and territories. Besides others, novel data technologies promise to transform access to social services and legal systems, the efficient use of natural resources, logistical efforts towards distributing food and medical care, educational programmes to improve literacy and computational skills, and effective coordination between local, national and transnational agencies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the face of much hype and enthusiasm for such applications, some have expressed concerns regarding the increasing datafication of development work, starting from the very umbrella term of ‘development’ under which these initiatives often sit (e.g. Dirlik, &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). The emphasis on ‘development’ may reflect an implicit evaluation of social contexts as being more or less ‘adequate’ depending on the extent to which they offer access to digital technologies. This, however, may not reflect other criteria for whether or not a given context is underdeveloped, which include access to social welfare, medical services and free trade among other possible options, nor may it acknowledge the very different impact that digitalization and AI-powered technologies may have depending on local socio-cultural norms and preferences. Relatedly, Laura Mann (&lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;) has criticized the almost exclusive focus of data for development applications on humanitarian aid at the expense of economic and socio-ecological development. All too often, public‒private partnerships in the design and deployment of these technologies contribute to the annexation of communities into existing economic, epistemic and technical infrastructures in a manner that ultimately benefits the Global North rather than allowing for the building of capacity in the Global South. For instance, agricultural development initiatives pushing toward greater data collection and openness might extract informa","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 5","pages":"1109-1121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges to Empowerment of Women through Value Chains: The Need to Move from Individual to Relational Empowerment","authors":"Phuong Nguyen,&nbsp;Regina Scheyvens,&nbsp;Alice Beban,&nbsp;Samantha Gardyne","doi":"10.1111/dech.12852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12852","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the prevailing assumption by donors that connecting smallholder women to value chains will close the gender gap and empower women. Based on a case study of a programme that seeks to empower women through their integration into value chains in Vietnam, the article assesses women's empowerment across four dimensions: economic, psychological, social and political. The authors argue that women's engagement in value chains does not always financially benefit and empower women because patriarchal power structures within families, communities and businesses make it challenging for women to gain authority over production decisions in higher-value crops. Women in the study gained more autonomy over ‘women's crops’ which yielded small incomes, while men had control over production that was seen as ‘men's work’, and in large-scale and more lucrative production. Gendered power relations affect women's access to economic opportunities: in this context, development agencies should reconsider their approaches to women's economic empowerment by focusing on relational rather than individual empowerment. This means that women's economic empowerment programmes should involve both men and women, with targeted interventions ensuring women are empowered within the household and in their connections with the community, local authorities and businesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 5","pages":"993-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12852","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Compensation: Reparations and the Ongoing Colonization of Australia","authors":"Elise Klein","doi":"10.1111/dech.12853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12853","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the relationship between reparations as compensation and reparations as transformation in settler colonial Australia. Much of the global reparations debate on colonization and slavery has focused on important demands confronting the historic damages and ongoing accumulation of disadvantage from colonization in ex-colonies or from plantation slavery. Much less has been said about reparations for settler colonialism which is a specific form of ongoing colonization in the here and now. Drawing on long-standing work around reparations for colonization by Indigenous peoples in Australia, and the woeful compensatory responses the state and judiciary have offered, this article argues that reparations for ongoing colonization could consider options beyond monetary compensation. This includes the critical domain of reparations as transformation that aim less to offset damage and reconcile suffering, but rather to comprehensively transform colonial relations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 4","pages":"830-854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Political Economy of Land Reparations in South Africa","authors":"Lebohang Liepollo Pheko","doi":"10.1111/dech.12856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12856","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines white settler colonialism and racial capitalism as the primary mechanisms for the historical and ongoing land dispossession of Afrikan people in South Africa. It argues that by addressing land dispossession through land restitution, South Africa could begin to meaningfully address the ongoing impacts of settler colonial displacement of Afrikan people. It contends that land reparations are central not only to restorative physical and spatial justice but also to physical healing. The aim of this contribution is to historicize and herstoricize the South African land question; situate this within the context of racial capitalism and settler colonialism; provide a framing of the racialization and feminization of the land economy; and expound on the particularities of misogynoir and critical feminist theory in theorizing the acute land dispossession of Afrikan women. Situated within the Azanian School of thought, its essential contribution is the suggestion that land restoration is a necessary and meaningful reparative measure for South Africans.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 4","pages":"800-829"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12856","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding Water Privatization in Mozambique: Producing Success, Reproducing Neoliberal Water","authors":"Chris Büscher","doi":"10.1111/dech.12854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12854","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines how and why water privatization has been in place for nearly three decades in Mozambique, expanding from cities to towns despite a lack of conclusive evidence of its merits. Drawing on primary data and secondary sources, the article argues that powerful actors driving water privatization in Mozambique ‘produced success’ out of what has been a messy and problematic process of implementing water privatization in cities in the 2000s. This strategy is cultural, in that actors constructed and mobilized a success narrative to legitimize the retention of water privatization in cities and to widen its spatial scope to towns. Yet, because water privatization in cities was not actually successful — quite the contrary — the retention and expansion of water privatization necessarily relied on a political economic process that buttressed this cultural production of success. That is, proponents expended power and resources in critical decision-making moments to ensure water privatization and its underlying neoliberal water imaginary would be sustained, at the expense of alternative (post-neoliberal) modes of water supply. As such, this article concludes that water privatization in Mozambique represents an exemplary case of neoliberal resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 5","pages":"1078-1108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12854","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-reparations Preparation: Fixing the Plumbing before Turning on the Tap","authors":"Matthew Robinson","doi":"10.1111/dech.12851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12851","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A growing number of communities in the global African diaspora are campaigning for reparations for historical and contemporary human rights violations. While the political advocacy campaigns continue, communities which are set to receive reparations should, through a process called pre-reparations preparation, consider their current economic situation and how they may improve their circumstances with the restitution that they will receive. An integral part of pre-reparations preparation is investigating community income and expenditure. This article explores the use of the leaky bucket analogy in assessing the Black American community's financial inflows and outflows, how Black communities can use this process to plan pre- and post-payment community economic development, and why government administrators and regulators should engage in their own pre-reparations preparation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 4","pages":"651-671"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12851","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Reparations within Capitalism: Aspirations and Tensions in Contemporary Movements for Reparatory Justice","authors":"Ndongo Samba Sylla,&nbsp;Andrew M. Fischer,&nbsp;Annina Kaltenbrunner,&nbsp;Sreerekha Sathi","doi":"10.1111/dech.12855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12855","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The idea of global reparations has received increasing attention in recent years, not only with respect to legacies of slavery and colonialism, but also to interrelated issues such as climate change, debt crisis, or ongoing financial transfers from the Global South to the Global North. This article, which introduces and sets the Debate for the 2024 Forum issue on the political economy of 21st century global reparations, offers a critical perspective on contemporary global reparations agendas, including their macroeconomic and development implications for the Global South. It highlights the contentious, unresolved questions about how reparations movements should interact with the highly unequal structures of global capitalism. To what degree should they seek large redistributive gains within these structures, or else aim for more revolutionary standpoints which reject these structures? If the former, would this compromise any hope for reparations to be truly transformative and able to address the challenges presented by global white supremacy? The hope of reparations movements is to make progressive gains that could become the catalyst for more transformative changes on a global scale. At the same time, sympathetic critics question whether reparations are feasible or should be a primary focus of advocacy for achieving racial and climate justice on national as well as global levels. In outlining these points of debate, the article also considers the questions of how to make global reparations work for recipients, and how to finance them. It concludes by elaborating on the challenge of moving towards a more developmentalist emphasis of ‘systemic reparations’.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 4","pages":"560-600"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12855","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ranajit Guha: A Thinker of Revolutionary Being","authors":"Milinda Banerjee","doi":"10.1111/dech.12850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12850","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 4","pages":"892-909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12850","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}