Development and Change最新文献_第2页

Livelihood Trajectories of Rural Young People in Southern Africa: Stuck in Loops? 南部非洲农村年轻人的生计轨迹：陷入循环？

IF 3 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1111/dech.12826

Flora Hajdu, Lorraine van Blerk, Nicola Ansell, Roeland Hemsteede, Evance Mwathunga, Thandie Hlabana, Elsbeth Robson

{"title":"Livelihood Trajectories of Rural Young People in Southern Africa: Stuck in Loops?","authors":"Flora Hajdu, Lorraine van Blerk, Nicola Ansell, Roeland Hemsteede, Evance Mwathunga, Thandie Hlabana, Elsbeth Robson","doi":"10.1111/dech.12826","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12826","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Attempts to boost rural development in the Global South tend to focus on ways in which people can transform their lives. Interventions are often designed to help overcome specific envisioned constraints and push individuals onto a pathway out of poverty. Research has contributed to nuancing this vision by documenting the non-linearity of pathways, which often results in people being left in limbo or stuck, rather than moving forward. Based on a study in two villages in Malawi and Lesotho, this article argues that even these nuances do not fully capture the real-life experiences of the 63 young people who participated. Interviews tracing the course of their lives between 2007–08 and 2016–17 reveal trajectories that are circular rather than linear, and show the detrimental effects of being stuck in these frustrating loops of taking action without progressing. Conceptualizing rural young people's livelihood trajectories in contexts of severe poverty as loops highlights the structural issues that need to be addressed if their lives are to be transformed. Understanding development as emancipation from sources of unfreedom means focusing on the structural constraints that keep some people in poverty, and the importance of attaining agency if they are to put their needs on the agenda and demand basic rights.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140991493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rethinking International Relations and Development in Times of Uncertainty 反思不确定时期的国际关系与发展

IF 3 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1111/dech.12827

Gabriel Porcile

引用次数: 0

The Jordan Compact, Refugee Labour and the Limits of Indicator-oriented Formalization 约旦契约》、难民劳工和以指标为导向的正规化的局限性

IF 3 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1111/dech.12824

Katharina Lenner, Lewis Turner

{"title":"The Jordan Compact, Refugee Labour and the Limits of Indicator-oriented Formalization","authors":"Katharina Lenner, Lewis Turner","doi":"10.1111/dech.12824","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12824","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores the significance of initiatives to formalize the labour market participation of refugees. Many practitioners believe that formalization is a panacea for improving the lives of marginalized workers, including refugees. This article argues, however, that in practice it easily becomes an indicator-oriented exercise, where readily quantifiable targets are prioritized over substantive improvements. To this end, the article analyses the trajectory of the Jordan Compact, a flagship initiative that brought together humanitarian, development and labour actors to create ‘win-win’ solutions for Syrians and Jordanians. Drawing on years of qualitative fieldwork in Jordan, the article traces how the Jordan Compact has made formalization an end in itself, with little regard for how much it actually benefits workers. It examines three central areas of programming: work permits, home-based businesses and working conditions. In each area, the article demonstrates how the chosen indicators have shaped initiatives while undermining meaningful reform. Bringing together insights from humanitarianism, development and critical labour studies, the analysis shows that indicator-oriented formalization, a form of measurement-driven governance, ostensibly produces impressive results, yet it can simultaneously undermine longer-term, multidimensional processes that would benefit workers more. The article advocates shifting the focus onto the individual and collective power of workers so that they can better realize the potential benefits of formalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140653573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Amplified State Capitalism in China: Overproduction, Industrial Policy and Statist Controversies 中国被放大的国家资本主义：生产过剩、产业政策和国家主义争议

IF 3 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1111/dech.12825

Mingtang Liu

{"title":"Amplified State Capitalism in China: Overproduction, Industrial Policy and Statist Controversies","authors":"Mingtang Liu","doi":"10.1111/dech.12825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12825","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As China has emerged as a great economic power in the 21st century, comparativists and China scholars have sought to explore the characteristics of China's statist development model. Most accounts, however, have not taken seriously the policy implications of China's macroeconomic imbalance and its tendency to overproduction since the mid-1990s. This article examines China's industrial-policy-centred responses to waves of overproduction crises from the late 1990s to the 2010s. China's expansive industrial policy incorporates demand-side macroeconomic policy and long-term planning for upgrading. This policy framework, designed to preserve the status quo, has been inherently lopsided, and has only served to reproduce China's macroeconomic imbalance. In the context of this persistent imbalance, China's industrial-policy-centred responses have contributed to periodic investment expansion of the state sector relative to the private sector, deepening ambitions around upgrading, and growing controversies regarding its statist model. In short, the statist features of China's economy have been periodically amplified by its particular responses to overproduction. This research shows that far from a statist shift engineered by President Xi Jinping, China's recent statist tendency has deeper historical and structural-macroeconomic roots. This implies that the Chinese state adjusted and intensified its state interventions just as it underwent a profound process of marketization in the late 1990s.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140952699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aesthetic Governance and China's Rural Toilet Revolution 美学治理与中国农村厕所革命

IF 3 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1111/dech.12823

Xi Lan, Hok Bun Ku, Yang Zhan

引用次数: 0

Grievance Politics and Technocracy in a Developmental State: Healthcare Policy Reforms in Singapore 发展型国家的怨愤政治与技术民主：新加坡的医疗政策改革

IF 3 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/dech.12821

Ijlal Naqvi, Federico M. Rossi, Rayner Kay Jin Tan

{"title":"Grievance Politics and Technocracy in a Developmental State: Healthcare Policy Reforms in Singapore","authors":"Ijlal Naqvi, Federico M. Rossi, Rayner Kay Jin Tan","doi":"10.1111/dech.12821","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12821","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article uses a process-tracing approach to understand changes in Singapore's health sector from the start of self-rule in 1959 to the end of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022. Singapore is a developmental state recognized for its effective management of healthcare costs and its lack of political freedom. In both respects, the ‘Singapore model’ is of interest to other cities and nations. The standard narrative is one of technocratic proficiency in a context in which civic freedoms are heavily constrained, but this article identifies the surprisingly important role of social voices at key moments. It finds episodes in which effective changes to social policies are not the product of a state embedded in an organized society, but rather are influenced by the independent organizational capacity of certain social groups providing inputs to state elites on social grievances and policy needs. Effective policy changes require a responsive state elite that — even if it is technocratically dominated, as is the case in Singapore — can listen to social claims and provide answers that are not repressive. The article conceptualizes these dynamics as ‘grievance politics’ and shows their role in explaining health reforms. It contributes to understanding global health systems and policy making in developmental states by a fruitful cross-fertilization with social movement studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12821","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When Victors Claim Victimhood: Majoritarian Resentment and the Inversion of Reparations Claims 当受害者声称自己是受害者时：多数派的怨恨与赔偿要求的倒置

IF 3 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1111/dech.12822

N. Sundar

{"title":"When Victors Claim Victimhood: Majoritarian Resentment and the Inversion of Reparations Claims","authors":"N. Sundar","doi":"10.1111/dech.12822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12822","url":null,"abstract":"From the mid‐20th century onwards, diverse groups — whether formerly enslaved populations or victims of mass atrocities — have demanded reparations as part of a wider struggle for justice. However, in the current global climate of right‐wing resurgence, both the recognition of victimhood and demands for justice are in danger of being subverted and hijacked. These developments create additional obstacles to addressing genuine reparations demands. This manifests in at least three ways. First, there is a selective application of victimhood status and recognition, often along old fault lines of race or religion. In this way, the oppression of some groups is no longer recognized as a legitimate object of reparations; indeed, their claims to justice are seen as unfair demands against dominant groups. Second, we see the blatant continuation of the very practices that the reparations movement has sought to establish as wrongs. Third, not content with negating existing demands for reparations from below, powerful groups are going a step further and, as part of supremacist projects, asserting their own right to reparations. In doing this, they use the language and moral claims of reparations and decolonization that have emerged through the global reparations movement. This article seeks to illustrate these developments through the examples of India and Israel, including the demand for ‘restoration’ of sacred sites to Hindus and Jews.","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Barriers to Inclusive Recycling in Asunción, Paraguay: A Just Transition? 巴拉圭亚松森实现包容性再循环的障碍：公正的过渡？

IF 3 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1111/dech.12819

Jennifer L. Tucker

{"title":"Barriers to Inclusive Recycling in Asunción, Paraguay: A Just Transition?","authors":"Jennifer L. Tucker","doi":"10.1111/dech.12819","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12819","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>How can cities upgrade urban waste infrastructures while also supporting the livelihoods of the poor? While development experts now agree that informal recyclers should be included in urban waste systems, many cities struggle to implement inclusive reforms. With a case study of informal recycling in Asunción, Paraguay, which compares dumpsite and street recyclers, this article addresses a gap in the literature by focusing on the policies, politics and frameworks that inhibit the implementation of pro-poor reforms. Proposals to include waste pickers misunderstand key dynamics of informal waste work and locate waste-picker cultures as the key barrier to successful waste-picker integration. However, they overlook the historical production of waste-picker organizing styles and underappreciate the diversity between different groups of informal recyclers. They seek to institute cooperatives, a promising model for segments of highly organized recyclers but one which threatens to exclude a large share of waste pickers who opt to work individually. Successfully integrating informal recyclers into waste management requires significant investments in the sector, meaningfully including waste pickers in proposal design and an epistemic shift to prioritize waste-picker needs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140691913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acknowledgement to Reviewers 鸣谢审稿人

IF 3 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1111/dech.12820

引用次数: 0

Subcontracting Linkages in India's Informal Economy 印度非正规经济中的分包联系

IF 3 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1111/dech.12817

Surbhi Kesar

{"title":"Subcontracting Linkages in India's Informal Economy","authors":"Surbhi Kesar","doi":"10.1111/dech.12817","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12817","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Subcontracting relations have often been considered a key channel to facilitate growth in traditional informal enterprises and enable them to transition into larger, modern enterprises. Such relations are expected to strengthen with economic growth. Using nationally representative survey data for the Indian informal manufacturing sector, this article examines the nature and patterns of subcontracting linkages for informal family-based household enterprises over the high-growth period of 2001–2016. The article estimates the net accumulation fund (NAF) for these enterprises, which measures their ability to accumulate, and studies the transition possibilities of subcontracted enterprises over time. Results show that the NAFs of subcontracted enterprises remained much lower than those of non-subcontracted ones, with the disparity growing over the growth period. A vast majority of subcontracted household enterprises are embedded in relations that are akin to a traditional putting-out system, with little control over their production processes. Female-owned enterprises and those located within the household are more likely to be in such put-out relations. Average NAF for put-out household enterprises has been lower than for relatively autonomous subcontracted and non-subcontracted firms, although over time the gap in NAF between put-out and non-put-out firms, and thus their differential ability to transition, has narrowed. The prevailing nature of subcontracting relations in India's informal economy, even during the peak growth period, appears to be starkly different from the dynamic linkages that are celebrated in the literature as a channel for facilitating growth and transition.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0