Development and Change最新文献_第2页

State–Crime Cooperation and Extra-legal Governance in Colombia and Venezuela 哥伦比亚和委内瑞拉的国家犯罪合作和法外治理

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2026-06-04 Epub Date: 2026-04-20 DOI: 10.1111/dech.70061

Jorge A. Mantilla

引用次数: 0

Checkpoint Taxation and Neo-patrimonial Political Order in Afghanistan 检查站税收与阿富汗新世袭政治秩序

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2026-06-04 Epub Date: 2026-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/dech.70057

Sarajuddin Isar

{"title":"Checkpoint Taxation and Neo-patrimonial Political Order in Afghanistan","authors":"Sarajuddin Isar","doi":"10.1111/dech.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines the role of checkpoint taxation in both the emergence and the disintegration of neo-patrimonial political order in Afghanistan. While it focuses on the administrations of Hamid Karzai (2001–14) and Ashraf Ghani (2014–21) and the Taliban's insurgency (2001–21), it situates these dynamics within a long historical trajectory. It argues that control of checkpoints as rent-generating sites and the allocation of access to them are crucial for consolidating patrons’ influence over strongmen and powerful elites. While neo-patrimonialism and checkpoint taxation have each been studied independently, their intersection and the implications for political order and disintegration remain under-explored. Drawing on interviews, secondary sources and the author's professional experience with fiscal reforms in Afghanistan, the article suggests that access to checkpoint rents is central to sustaining neo-patrimonial political order, while its disruption fuels conflict and ultimately regime change. It further demonstrates that the Taliban's victory was enabled in part by the failure of the Afghan government and its international partners to recognize the historical importance of trade route control in shaping conflict cycles.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"57 3","pages":"522-550"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Isbaaro: Checkpoints and World Making beyond the State in Somalia Isbaaro：索马里国家之外的检查站和世界创造

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2026-06-04 Epub Date: 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1111/dech.70063

Peer Schouten, Abdirahman Edle, Jethro Norman

{"title":"Isbaaro: Checkpoints and World Making beyond the State in Somalia","authors":"Peer Schouten, Abdirahman Edle, Jethro Norman","doi":"10.1111/dech.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the dynamics of checkpoint authority in Somalia, focusing on how kinship, mobility and checkpoint practices intersect to shape political and social orders. Challenging the notion that checkpoint governance is either an expression of state-like power or indicative of the state's absence, the authors argue that Somali checkpoints (<i>isbaaro</i>) must be understood in relation to the militarization and commercialization of clan-based institutions. The article draws on participatory cartography and semi-structured interviews with more than 80 Somali road users to contend that checkpoints serve as sites of social navigation and identity formation, reflecting broader historical and contemporary struggles over mobility and trade. This dynamic is understood through the principle of schismogenesis, the process of social division and differentiation whereby fiscal disagreements drive kinship groups to distance themselves from one another, resulting in new political forms and identities, while also entrenching political-economic marginalization along clan lines. Checkpoints thus offer a locus for observing the gestation of some of the more complex and fluctuating political dynamics of the Somali territories that have long confounded analysts, international practitioners and policy makers, helping to explain the persistent challenge of state building in Somalia.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"57 3","pages":"551-577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opium Pathways: Mountains, Mules and Resource Extraction in Shan State, Myanmar 鸦片之路：缅甸掸邦的山脉、骡子和资源开采

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2026-06-04 Epub Date: 2026-05-14 DOI: 10.1111/dech.70066

John A. Buchanan

{"title":"Opium Pathways: Mountains, Mules and Resource Extraction in Shan State, Myanmar","authors":"John A. Buchanan","doi":"10.1111/dech.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article examines the impact of natural resources on civil wars by focusing on the challenges faced by armed groups attempting to profit from Myanmar's opium sector. Economic theories of conflict hold that the presence of lootable resources can prolong civil wars by providing non-state armed groups with the resources and incentives to challenge the state. However, the emphasis on the presence of lootable resources and the capabilities of armed groups overlooks how these groups convert resources into wealth. This study examines Shan State in Myanmar during the first three decades of its post-World War II opium boom. While the increased opium production in Shan State offered a potential revenue stream for the dozens of non-state armed groups, the remnants of Chiang Kai-Shek's Kuomintang forces dominated the trade. Drawing on the ‘politics of passage’, an approach attentive to the competing claims on trade in war zones, this article examines the various impediments faced by armed groups attempting to profit from the opium trade. Its findings indicate that revenue generation by armed groups was much more challenging than economic theories of civil war suggest. The article highlights a need to move beyond the mere presence and extraction of resources by powerful armed groups and to pay closer attention to the mundane but formidable challenges of profiting from a valuable resource sector.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"57 3","pages":"496-521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond the Rebel ‘Territorial Trap’: Governing Armed Sovereign Formations in Eastern Myanmar 超越叛军的“领土陷阱”：管理缅甸东部的武装主权编队

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2026-06-04 Epub Date: 2026-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/dech.70059

Tony Neil, Saw Day Chit Htoo

{"title":"Beyond the Rebel ‘Territorial Trap’: Governing Armed Sovereign Formations in Eastern Myanmar","authors":"Tony Neil, Saw Day Chit Htoo","doi":"10.1111/dech.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Territorial control is a central concept in the study of civil wars and rebel governance. However, scholars often fall into a ‘territorial trap’, assuming that territorial control is either an outcome of or a precondition for armed governance. Based on immersive fieldwork in eastern Myanmar, this article traces how different spatial orderings of power can emerge either territorially or extra-territorially. The use of checkpoints as a comparative device demonstrates that sovereignty is not a geographically fixed attribute, but instead an effect of the everyday practices of armed groups, contingent upon and shaped by the presence of other violent actors. The findings challenge both dyadic models of conflict based on the technology of warfare and Weberian ontologies of power based on territorial control. The authors find alternative sovereign formations of armed group organization that operate through different rationalities, registers and practices, rather than exercising power over subjects within a bounded territory. They argue that future research agendas should move beyond the structural determinism of the rebel territorial trap and instead investigate agency-based explanations for how and why armed groups seek to govern.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"57 3","pages":"441-466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Roadblocks, Relationality and Resilient Resistance in Post-coup Myanmar 缅甸政变后的路障、关系和顽强抵抗

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2026-06-04 Epub Date: 2026-04-20 DOI: 10.1111/dech.70062

Gerard McCarthy, Kyle Nyana

{"title":"Roadblocks, Relationality and Resilient Resistance in Post-coup Myanmar","authors":"Gerard McCarthy, Kyle Nyana","doi":"10.1111/dech.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following Myanmar's military coup in February 2021, the State Administrative Council (SAC) established checkpoints between towns under its control and rural areas increasingly governed by anti-junta resistance forces. Here, military personnel command trade and extort from people, inflating the price of consumer goods and agricultural inputs and restricting the mobility of civilian and anti-junta actors. In response, resistance forces set up their own checkpoints to cut supply lines, monitor the movements of SAC troops and tax the passage of (mostly) high-value goods. Based on fieldwork in Sagaing Region and Chin State between 2022 and 2024, this article develops a theoretical framework to understand the relational dynamics at and between checkpoints operated by SAC and resistance forces, and examines the resulting shifts in livelihoods and social roles. Interactions at roadblocks and their structural consequences highlight the adaptive and relational nature of the fiscal social contract between armed authorities and civilians during wartime. The junta deploys checkpoints to extract revenue and impose punishment, while resistance forces use them to undermine military supply lines and levy taxes to fund the armed struggle and social governance. Rural livelihoods have been upheaved as the complexities, costs and risks of navigating checkpoints prompted reduced cash cropping, deepened reciprocity practices and altered social roles, particularly for women. Despite the junta's goal of suppressing organized dissent, these shifts have ultimately reinforced rather than weakened sustained community support for resistance forces.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"57 3","pages":"624-646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Not-so-Freeway: A Relational Approach to Checkpoints and Conflict in Northeast India 非高速公路：印度东北部检查站与冲突的关系研究

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2026-06-04 Epub Date: 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.1111/dech.70058

Shalaka Thakur

{"title":"Not-so-Freeway: A Relational Approach to Checkpoints and Conflict in Northeast India","authors":"Shalaka Thakur","doi":"10.1111/dech.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Along arterial roads in northeast India, bordering Myanmar, various armed groups and state actors collect ‘taxes’ at checkpoints. These checkpoints are sites of interaction where the power dynamics between armed groups, state officials and civilians are constantly negotiated, embedded in a larger network of social and political relationships. Based on over 100 interviews with armed groups, businesspeople, state actors and truck drivers, this article develops a figurational framework to throw light on the linkages between checkpoints, authorities and civilians in conflict zones. Drawing on Norbert Elias's work, the framework provides a structured yet flexible approach to investigate the interconnectedness of different levels of interdependent relationships — between actors at the checkpoint, along the road, and beyond. The article explores how, together, these figurations at different levels constitute a fluid political order, shaping processes of legitimization and violence. Going beyond providing an understanding of the politics of roads in northeast India, the framework can be used to better investigate power, conflict dynamics and political ordering across conflict zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"57 3","pages":"467-495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148160676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rethinking the ‘Defeminization of Agriculture’: Land Consolidation and Crop Diversification in Vietnam's Red River Delta 重新思考“农业去女性化”：越南红河三角洲的土地整理和作物多样化

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2026-03-25 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1111/dech.70050

Nga Dao, Quang Phung

{"title":"Rethinking the ‘Defeminization of Agriculture’: Land Consolidation and Crop Diversification in Vietnam's Red River Delta","authors":"Nga Dao, Quang Phung","doi":"10.1111/dech.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past two decades, agricultural restructuring in Vietnam — driven by land consolidation, crop diversification and modernization — has shifted farming from labour-intensive to capital-intensive production. This article argues that agrarian change in Vietnam has not simply resulted in the marginalization of women, a finding that challenges dominant narratives of rural transformation. In the Red River Delta, male in-migration and policy-driven agricultural restructuring have not led to the withdrawal of women from agriculture. Instead, they have generated new and uneven configurations of gendered labour, power and well-being. Drawing on a feminist political ecology framework and fieldwork in six communities across three provinces, the article reconceptualizes ‘defeminization’ not as loss or exclusion, but as a complex reorganization of work, identities and relations of care. It analyses three interlinked dynamics: (1) shifts in gendered labour amid male migration; (2) renegotiation of gender norms and household/agricultural decision making; and (3) emerging forms of confidence, self-recognition and participation among rural women. The article thus offers a more nuanced account of rural change — one that foregrounds women's differentiated experiences and the ambivalent nature of agency within agrarian transitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"57 2","pages":"203-230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.70050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Foreign Aid, Civil Society and Post-colonial Statebuilding in the Thai‒Myanmar Borderworld 泰缅边境世界的外援、公民社会与后殖民国家建设

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2026-03-25 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1111/dech.70047

Shona Loong

{"title":"Foreign Aid, Civil Society and Post-colonial Statebuilding in the Thai‒Myanmar Borderworld","authors":"Shona Loong","doi":"10.1111/dech.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Foreign aid is often used to promote good governance and to strengthen civil society, yet it can reproduce the uneven geographies of post-colonial statebuilding. This article provides a relational and interpretivist analysis of foreign aid in southeast Myanmar between 2012 and 2021, when Western donors backed the country's democratic transition. The aid influx generated tensions between donors and long-standing border organizations — civil society actors that had operated in conflict areas from across the Thai border for decades — who felt increasingly sidelined. This article makes three contributions to critical development studies and political geography. First, it shows how aid disbursed under the good governance agenda is embedded in contested relations between centre and margins — a dialectic central to post-colonial statebuilding. Second, it unpacks tensions between donors and border organizations, revealing competing political projects: while donors aimed to reform the Myanmar government, border organizations resisted post-colonial statebuilding itself. Third, the article shows that margins, though subject to state violence, were foundational to border organizations’ work. The article conceptualizes border organizations as leveraging and seeking to expand the Thai‒Myanmar borderworld — interlinked and interstitial spaces, including refugee camps, frontier towns and conflict areas, that confound a distinction between state and non-state.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"57 2","pages":"289-314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experiences of Legal Pluralism in Sierra Leone: Land Governance, Neoliberal Dispossession and Gender (In)justice 塞拉利昂法律多元主义的经验：土地治理、新自由主义的剥夺与性别正义

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Development and Change Pub Date : 2026-03-25 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1111/dech.70052

Mohamed Sesay, Simeon Koroma

引用次数: 0