Development and Change最新文献

{"title":"Learning to Industrialize: Ideas, Institutions and Power in the Development of Industrial Parks in Ethiopia","authors":"Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1111/dech.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past decade, industrial policy has had a resurgence across Africa as countries pursue catch-up development, partly inspired by East Asia's state-led transformation. With increased attention in the discussion given to <i>learning by doing</i> and <i>learning by emulation</i> at the government level, policy learning has invariably been advocated with strong — if often implicit — normative claims. That is, learning is equated with a policy good that supports institutional building, despite scepticism about the extent to which policy learning occurs in practice and how politics shapes it. By tracing the development of Ethiopia's industrial park programme, this article seeks to move beyond a normative framing and instead explore the role of underlying ideas, institutional structure and power dynamics in affecting the trajectory of policy learning and its development outcomes. The findings underscore the critical importance of effective discursive and distribution mechanisms for aligning ideas and interests among powerful groups, shedding light on both the opportunities and risks of policy learning in driving more transformative changes in the case study. Theoretically, the article highlights the ideational dimensions of power relations in shaping policy choices and institutional outcomes, contributing to the discussion of a relational and material-based approach to better understanding the role of African states in pursuing late industrialization.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"57 2","pages":"377-406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.70053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147565557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Locating Party Politics and Grassroots Activism in Participatory Slum Upgrading: Insights from Buenos Aires, Argentina","authors":"Joaquin Andres Benitez","doi":"10.1111/dech.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Literature on participatory slum upgrading often simplifies the political landscape of informal settlements, portraying them as homogeneous communities, and focuses instead on infrastructure, housing, tenure regularization, participatory design and project implementation. However, many informal settlements across the Global South are sites of territorialized party politics competing for community leadership and support. This article analyses the case of the highly contested upgrading programme of Playón de Chacarita, an informal settlement in Buenos Aires. Drawing on qualitative research methods, the study unpacks the political, social and economic divisions arising from the territorialization of politics and analyses their impact on the implementation of an upgrading programme. It advances current debate by showing how politics and policies mesh in the upgrading programme in messy and complex ways, with residents joining participatory meetings and clashing with public officials, but also fighting among themselves. This research explores how territorialized party politics can create profound communal divisions, exacerbate conflicts and threaten project execution while, paradoxically, improving intervention outcomes, advancing housing rights and sustaining community activism, especially in the face of a lack of participatory institutions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"57 2","pages":"231-260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where Did Development Economics Come From?","authors":"Eric Helleiner","doi":"10.1111/dech.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.70049","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Maria Bach&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Relocating Development Economics: The First Generation of Modern Indian Economists&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Cambridge&lt;/span&gt;: Cambridge University Press, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span&gt;185&lt;/span&gt; pp. £ 84.00 hardcover.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 1984, the World Bank published a volume of essays by 10 individuals who were identified as ‘pioneers’ of development economics. Entitled &lt;i&gt;Pioneers in Development&lt;/i&gt;, the publication provided a useful perspective on how the origins of this subject were perceived in mainstream economics circles at that time. In temporal sense, each contributor was chosen for work done in the late 1940s and 1950s, a moment that is described in the introductory chapter as the ‘formative period’ of the field (Meier, &lt;span&gt;1984&lt;/span&gt;: 3). Geographically, most of the figures came from Europe and the United States.1 This idea that development economics was created in the early postwar years and largely in the Euro-American world remains influential today, including in more critical intellectual circles (where the idea of development itself is sometimes attributed to US President Harry Truman's 1949 inauguration speech) (see, for example, Sachs, &lt;span&gt;1990&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Despite the popularity of this view, it has long been challenged. The introduction to &lt;i&gt;Pioneers in Development&lt;/i&gt; itself acknowledged that Arthur Lewis had previously identified the field's origins in earlier writings by classical economists such as Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill who had studied the sources of economic progress (and who sometimes used the word ‘development’ in this context) (Meier, &lt;span&gt;1984&lt;/span&gt;: 3–4).2 One year later, K.S. Jomo and Erik Reinert (&lt;span&gt;1985&lt;/span&gt;) published an edited volume &lt;i&gt;The Origins of Development Economics&lt;/i&gt; which expanded this early history to include other 19th century figures such as Friedrich List (who frequently used the word ‘development’),3 as well as pre-Smithian European mercantilist thought.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The pre-1945 roots of development economics have also been extended geographically to include thinkers outside the Euro-American world. Three years before the publication of the World Bank's volume, Heinz Arndt (&lt;span&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;: 464) emphasized the innovative nature of Sun Yat-sen's &lt;span&gt;1920&lt;/span&gt; book &lt;i&gt;The International Development of China&lt;/i&gt;, arguing that ‘in breadth of imagination, it anticipates by a generation much of the post-1945 literature on economic development’. When he analysed the ‘prehistory’ of post-1945 development economics in more detail a few years later, Arndt (&lt;span&gt;1987&lt;/span&gt;: Ch. 2) went further to include the economic ideas of 19th century thinkers in the Chinese self-strengthening movement, as well as those in Meiji Japan and in Indian nationalist circles. As far back as 1961, Albert Hirschman's (&lt;span&gt;1961/1971&lt;/span&gt;: 278) history of ‘ideologies of economic development in Latin America’ also noted how the interwar economic ideas of Peru's Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"57 2","pages":"407-418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Transnational Labour Migration Revisited from a Crisis Complex Perspective","authors":"Ioana Jipa-Muşat,&nbsp;Nicola Piper","doi":"10.1111/dech.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article uses the notion of <i>crisis complex</i> to analyse the relationship between labour migration and crisis from an institution- and process-oriented perspective. Such an interrogation is timely, given the increasingly crisis-prone dynamics shaping global labour systems and migration governance, including recruitment, skills recognition and the political privileging of temporary labour — all reinforcing a structural reliance on migrant workforces in capitalist development. Temporary labour migration from the Global South is increasingly framed as a development ‘solution’ to both unemployment in origin countries and labour and skills shortages in the Global North, precisely because its temporary and conditional nature is seen as politically palatable within contexts of anti-migrant rhetoric and economic nationalism. These migration schemes reflect the unequal exchange between Southern and Northern regions, contributing to the exploitation and protracted precarity of migrant workers. Drawing on empirical evidence from a 2024 pilot project, this article examines how temporary labour migration is shaped by a broader crisis complex, understood as a policy solution that has emerged through a multilayered process driven by political framings, institutional logics and actor involvement across three dimensions: skills and development, governance institutions and business models.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"57 2","pages":"261-288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financialization of Non-financial Corporations: A New Framework with Cases from South Africa","authors":"Antonio Andreoni,&nbsp;Nishal Robb,&nbsp;Sophie van Huellen","doi":"10.1111/dech.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Financialization shapes the ways in which middle-income countries and their non-financial corporations integrate into global value chains and the global financial system. This integration, in turn, shapes the ways in which these corporations engage with financialization. Focusing on large listed non-financial corporations, this article unpacks these dynamics. It advances an integrated analytical framework to facilitate an exploration of financialization sources and processes that are specific to the middle-income country context, and that emerge and operate across micro, meso and macro levels. The authors identify financialization sources related to different types of profits and rents, and articulate financialization processes through which value is extracted. The framework is then applied to three case studies of non-financial corporations across different sectors in South Africa, a middle-income country undergoing premature deindustrialization and financialization: Sasol in chemicals, Shoprite in retail, and MTN in information and communication technology. The analysis reveals three main elements that are characteristic of middle-income economies and their subordinate position within the global hierarchies of production and finance: (1) rents feature strongly as a financialization source; (2) the need to attract foreign capital and manage external vulnerabilities shapes financialization processes; and (3) extracted value is primarily channelled abroad.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"57 2","pages":"339-376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147569151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Politics of Detailed Urban Planning: Institutional Change and Urban Rentiership in Madagascar","authors":"Fanny Voélin","doi":"10.1111/dech.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article employs a political settlements approach to explore the formal and informal institutional dynamics that underpin contemporary rentier capitalism in urban Africa through the case of Antananarivo, Madagascar. It examines how Malagasy ruling elites created opportunities for land-based rent seeking by establishing new institutional arrangements. Specifically, it traces the rise and decline during the 2010s of detailed urban planning, a planning instrument elaborated through public–private partnerships between the Malagasy state and large-scale corporate landowners in Antananarivo. The article argues that public–private partnerships in detailed urban planning served as a strategy for ruling elites to give an appearance of legality to the informal practices that drive land-use changes and real estate construction in the city. This strategy effectively facilitated land investments and created rent opportunities while allowing ruling elites to act with reference to the law, which was crucial to their political survival given the risks of an overt violation of formal rules under Madagascar's competitive and unstable authoritarianism. Yet detailed urban plans were sidelined when they no longer aligned with presidential priorities. By bridging debates on rentier capitalism and political settlements in urban geography, the article offers a lens for analysing the fine-grained institutional dynamics through which rentier logics play out across contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"57 1","pages":"162-187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.70043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146217559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coastal Erosion, Enclosure and Displacement: The Impact of the Vizhinjam International Seaport in Kerala","authors":"Shilpa Krishnan,&nbsp;Sambit Mallick","doi":"10.1111/dech.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following India's neoliberal reforms in the 1990s, the central government encouraged coastal resource extraction through industrial aquaculture, deep-sea mining and port infrastructure under the banner of the ‘Blue Economy’ framework and the Sagarmala Programme. This shift was also embraced by the State of Kerala and has led to significant transformation of its coastal region, including a profound reshaping of coastal economies and intensifying environmental degradation, livelihood disruption and social conflict. This article analyses the narratives and practices of one such project: the Vizhinjam International Seaport, a deep-sea container transshipment facility in southern Kerala managed in a joint venture by the Kerala government and private investors. The study follows the project from inception to implementation and finds that the safeguarding of fish workers’ livelihoods and their views about development were squarely neglected in the process. Local and national capitals were afforded unregulated accumulation opportunities around the construction and operation of the port at the expense of impoverished and marginalized fishing communities that were excluded and evicted. Through denying fishing communities the right to meaningfully participate in the formulation of the region's development strategy, dismissing the assertion of their political demands and failing to recognize their heterogeneity and the power differentials within the community, the Kerala government and its private concessionaries disrupted and destroyed the livelihoods of excluded groups in the name of development. In so doing, they contributed to reinforcing the prevailing caste hierarchies that sustain socio-economic marginalization.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"57 1","pages":"50-78"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146217434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Conceptions of Authority and Political Legitimacy in Africa","authors":"Laurent Fourchard","doi":"10.1111/dech.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.70045","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Portia Roelofs&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Good Governance in Nigeria. Rethinking Accountability and Transparency in the Twenty-first Century&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Cambridge&lt;/span&gt;: Cambridge University Press, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span&gt;356&lt;/span&gt; pp. £ 26.69 paperback.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Peer Schouten&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Roadblock Politics. The Origins of Violence in Central Africa&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Cambridge&lt;/span&gt;: Cambridge University Press, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span&gt;256&lt;/span&gt; pp. £ 95.78 hardcover.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The state in Africa has been the object of ongoing analysis and debate. Those who qualify it as ‘failed’, ‘weak’, ‘fragile’ or ‘neo-patrimonial’ rely on a strict Weberian definition which views the state as the monopolist of legitimate physical violence, an autonomous bureaucratic apparatus, the embodiment of popular sovereignty, and a spatially and territorially coherent entity. These features represent an essentially Western ideal type. As an alternative, scholars have explored its long historical formation (Bayart, &lt;span&gt;1989&lt;/span&gt;; Cooper, &lt;span&gt;2002&lt;/span&gt;; Hibou and Tozy, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), the interpenetration of the bureaucratic realm and the social world (Mitchell, &lt;span&gt;1991&lt;/span&gt;), and the everyday making of the state through processes of negotiation, contestation and bricolage (Hagmann and Péclard, &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;). Other scholars have examined the fabric of informal political order, emphasizing, sometimes uncritically, ‘the strength of weak states’ (Meagher, &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;). This essay reviews the two books listed above by Portia Roelofs and Peer Schouten, which are part of the ongoing discussion on state-making theory. Both authors reflect on this theory from a local perspective, employing popular understandings of accountability, legitimacy and forms of sovereignty.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Roelofs book on Nigeria and Schouten's on the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) are excellent cases through which to examine these issues and to rethink some of the significant challenges Africa faces. These include an outward-looking political economy based on mineral wealth in parts of the territory (for example, oil in Nigeria and coltan, copper and gold in Eastern Congo); decades of armed conflicts, indicating the difficulty of the central state in controlling its national territory; widespread forms of patronage understood as the distribution by politicians of private goods to citizens; and the imposition of structural adjustment programmes by the International Monetary Fund which drastically reduced the state bureaucracy and its capacity to govern societies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At first glance, the title of Portia Roelofs book &lt;i&gt;Good Governance in Nigeria: Rethinking Accountability and Transparency in the Twenty-first Century&lt;/i&gt; (hereafter &lt;i&gt;Good Governance in Nigeria&lt;/i&gt;) might be viewed as provocative. It is surprising to see good governance associated with this country, given that Nigerian politics is often characterized in academic literature by neo-patrimonialism, patronage","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"57 1","pages":"188-199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.70045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146217433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Vaccinate a Fish: Merck, the Pharmaceutical Industry and Developing Surveillance Capitalism within the Blue Revolution","authors":"Anthony Pahnke","doi":"10.1111/dech.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article discusses the strategic evolution of the transnational pharmaceutical firm Merck in the animal agriculture sector, focusing especially on aquaculture. This evolution began in 2019 with Merck's development of ‘big data’ technologies (for example, cloud computing, mobile data and artificial intelligence) to control supply chains through real-time interventions in fish monitoring and tracking, disease treatment and operation maintenance. It argues that Merck's adoption of such technologies is consistent with the capitalist accumulation strategies of the Blue Revolution, which started to promote offshore and inland aquaculture operations to meet the growing global demand for fish in the mid-1980s. Integral to this technological evolution is surveillance capitalism, which requires individuals — in this case, fishers — to collect and share data with corporations that then control them. This study contributes to debates on the concept of surveillance capitalism, noting how Merck's version features an ideology that apparently offers solutions to problems faced by fishers but actually contributes to corporate consolidation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"57 1","pages":"79-102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146217379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China's Belt and Road Initiative in Pakistan: Bureaucratic Coordination and Chinese State-led Development Abroad","authors":"Hong Zhang","doi":"10.1111/dech.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines China's bureaucratic approach to international development cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative, focusing on bureaucratically structured policy coordination as a core mechanism. It highlights the central role of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) — China's top economic planning agency — in coordinating bilateral development agendas with partner countries. Drawing on China's development engagement with Pakistan as a critical case, the author analyses how the NDRC-led mechanism reflects China's state-led development logic and the integration of domestic and international development goals. While this mechanism has enabled the rapid mobilization of capital and infrastructure delivery, it also reveals institutional shortcomings, including a lack of horizontal coordination across Chinese bureaucracies, weak responsiveness to local political dynamics, and difficulties in sustaining cross-sectoral initiatives. Based on fieldwork and documentary analysis, the article argues that China's model of bureaucratic coordination — while potentially influential in shaping global development paradigms — faces significant limitations unless it evolves greater institutional adaptability to operate effectively in complex governance environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"57 1","pages":"103-129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146224403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}