Development and Change最新文献

{"title":"Unpicking Precarity: Informal Work in Eastern India's Coal Mining Tracts","authors":"Itay Noy","doi":"10.1111/dech.12739","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12739","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, this article explores two widespread types of informal and precarious work in eastern India's coal mining tracts. It seeks to contribute to recent attempts to disaggregate the umbrella notion of precarity and the related concept of ‘classes of labour’ in the context of the global South. It does so by illuminating the more nuanced yet significant relative distinctions between different forms of precarious coal-related work as perceived and experienced by labourers. The article illustrates how labourers evaluate such forms of work in relation to one another in terms of relative stability, autonomy, tempo and gender dynamics, which affect their livelihood decisions and activities. It thereby turns attention to differentiating dimensions of precarious work that are easily veiled in broad debates about precarity and ‘classes of labour’. Such dimensions are essential to probe — through comparative ethnographic study — to understand how people engage with different modalities of precarious work on the ground and how they configure their livelihood strategies in particular capitalist and social contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12739","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42648938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adding Insult to Injury: The COVID-19 Crisis Strikes Latin America","authors":"Juan Grigera","doi":"10.1111/dech.12740","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12740","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article takes on the task of historicizing the global crisis that unfolded after the outbreak of COVID-19, focusing on its particular dynamics in Latin America. It proposes a distinction between a first phase — an unmitigated crisis that lasted until the end of 2020 — and a second phase in the period since then, that is defined by managed crisis and lukewarm economic recovery. The first phase showed a profoundly fragmented local state response, the breakdown of capital's ‘normal’ capacity for reproduction, and a disarticulation of the world order. As of 2021, a different kind of crisis has been evident: the response has been more emphatic and more effective in re-establishing accumulation and a weak and fragile international order, but at a cost to legitimacy whose full extent is yet to unfold.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/88/11/DECH-53-1335.PMC9874821.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10575832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"World Development Report 2021: Data for Better Lives","authors":"H. Mukiri-Smith, Laura Mann, Shamel Azmeh","doi":"10.1596/978-1-4648-1600-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1600-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46493292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A DC State of Mind? A Review of the World Development Report 2021: Data for Better Lives","authors":"Hellen Mukiri-Smith,&nbsp;Laura Mann,&nbsp;Shamel Azmeh","doi":"10.1111/dech.12741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12741","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137721000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bill Freund (6 July 1944 – 17 August 2020)","authors":"Bob Shenton","doi":"10.1111/dech.12738","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12738","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48858108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control, Extract, Legitimate: COVID-19 and Digital Techno-opportunism across Africa","authors":"Josh Platzky Miller,&nbsp;Antoine Sander,&nbsp;Sharath Srinivasan","doi":"10.1111/dech.12734","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12734","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Across Africa, the deployment of digital solutions such as track and trace apps and vaccine passports to tackle COVID-19 largely failed in their public health objectives. Yet, in the process, these material interventions revealed and unleashed new potentialities of governance throughout the continent. This article examines these developments and their significance through historical and theoretical lenses. Since colonialism, African states have been built partially through responses to public health emergencies. Such emergencies have enabled authorities to experiment with and enact logics of control, extraction and legitimation. By interrogating the relationship between epidemics, power and technological artefacts, this article argues that COVID-19 constituted an exceptional event that both unmasked pre-existing logics of governance but also enabled experiments with novel techniques through digital technology. Digital techno-opportunist interventions did little to curb the spread of COVID-19, but such interventions nevertheless have ramifications and implications that extend beyond this moment. While the political outcomes of the rupture caused by COVID-19 are not yet fully known, and are subject to resistance and reimagination from below, the political opportunity of ‘crisis’ reveals distinctly new ways in which states and corporations are combining to pursue logics of control, extraction and legitimation across Africa in a digital age.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9537986/pdf/DECH-9999-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33515127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Virus, the Dollar, and the Global Order: The COVID-19 Crisis in Comparative Perspective","authors":"Ho-fung Hung","doi":"10.1111/dech.12735","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12735","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 2003, the SARS pandemic led to a framework of global public health governance which was characterized by cooperation between the USA and China, and China's increasing influence in the World Health Organization. In the wake of the global financial crisis of 2008, major economies of the world, above all the USA, established the standard of aggressive fiscal and monetary expansion to mitigate any major crisis of the global economy. The effectiveness of such expansions in bringing global economic recovery without fuelling out-of-control inflation hinged on the deepening of US–China economic integration. These global health and economic governance frameworks, which emerged from two previous crises, conditioned the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Ironically, the COVID-19 crisis and the global responses to it undermined the legitimacy of the global public health governing institutions and further aggravated US–China rivalry, which had started before the pandemic. On the other hand, the crisis sustained economic integration between the two countries, despite the US–China trade war that began on the eve of the pandemic. This contradictory geopolitical and geo-economic fallout of the COVID-19 crisis will bring more uncertainty and instability to the global order in the wake of the pandemic.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33516566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contradictions and Crisis in the World of Work: Informality, Precarity and the Pandemic","authors":"Surbhi Kesar,&nbsp;Snehashish Bhattacharya,&nbsp;Lopamudra Banerjee","doi":"10.1111/dech.12733","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12733","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The severe economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global working population can be interpreted as both a fallout from, and a violent assertion of, a larger crisis in the world of work. While this crisis has been attributed to the pre-existing conditions of widespread informality and precarity in the domain of remunerative work, the authors of this article dig deeper to read these conditions and the crisis tendencies as articulations of certain key contradictions that define the world of work in the present conjuncture of global capitalism. The article highlights three specific contradictions: that between capital and labour in the ‘interior’ space of capital; that between capital and its ‘outside’; and those emerging from ‘dispersion’ of the circuit of capital to its ‘outside’. The ‘outside’ is the economic space that exists within the capitalist social formation but represents the domain of unwaged work carried out in the processes of non-capitalist production and distribution, both within and outside the space of the household. The authors argue that the expanded reproduction of capital has sharpened this triad of contradictions in the present conjuncture in specific ways in the global South and the global North through continuous informalization of work, exclusion of masses of population from the ‘interior’ domain of capital, and insistent dispersion of the circuit of capital to its ‘outside’ through various forms of ‘non-standard’ labour processes and work arrangements. The article provides some illustrations of how these processes have registered and contributed to the crisis situation in the times of the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12733","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48576284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Social Reproduction of Pandemic Surplus Populations and Global Development Narratives on Inequality and Informal Labour","authors":"Alessandra Mezzadri","doi":"10.1111/dech.12736","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12736","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article proposes a reading of the COVID-19 crisis through a social reproduction lens, with a focus on the restructuring of reproductive sectors, the world of work and the generation of differentiated surplus populations, and considers the implications of this reading for global development debates on inequality and informal labour. Learning from the pandemic and the social reproduction of the surplus populations it generated, the analysis argues that debates on inequality should be re-centred on its existential nature and its embeddedness in social oppression, and that labour relations should be considered as key reproducers of inequality. It also argues that informal labour should be increasingly understood as playing the reproductive role of ‘global housework’ in contemporary capitalism.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12736","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43437462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Everything Stays the Same while Everything Changes","authors":"Max Ajl","doi":"10.1111/dech.12732","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>UNDP, <i>Human Development Report 2020</i>. <i>The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene</i>. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 2020. 412 pp. Available for download at</b>: https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf</p><p>The last years have seen bombshell reports dropped from international institutions with mounting frequency, including reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, <span>2018, 2019</span>, <span>2021</span>) and the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD, <span>2019</span>). These reports appeared at the same time as highly visible Euro-Atlantic proposals to deal with the climate crisis, for example, Ocasio-Cortez's ‘Green New Deal’ resolution,1 the 2021 ‘Biden Plan’2 and the European Commission's 2019 ‘Green New Deal’.3 Against a background hum of mounting popular unease with structural inequalities and polarization, such reports share at least two notable traits: first, these documents now acknowledge that ‘business as usual’, in every sense of the phrase, blocks the shifts they demand. The 2018 IPCC report, for example, calls for ‘rapid and unprecedented societal transformation’ (IPCC, <span>2018</span>: 77). Second, these reports register unease about the degree of social polarization and how it and poverty heighten exposure to climate disasters.</p><p>Accordingly, these reports sometimes discuss or at least refer to capitalism as having produced income inequality, and even ecological crisis. Furthermore, in response to rising anti-racist (Ransby, <span>2018</span>) and anti-colonial mobilization (Estes, <span>2019</span>) within the imperial core, such rhetoric is scattered throughout these reports. Yet, if they at times discuss colonialism and capitalism, the reports never explicitly theorize them (although they do have a theory for them).4 Sometimes implicitly, sometimes explicitly, these documents suggest modern capitalism has gone awry — prices are ‘wrong’, finance is running rampant (see, for example, UNCTAD, <span>2019</span>: 27) and democratic institutions and social movements need to re-tame capitalism so that it does not fatally undermine its natural-ecological substrate. However, the reports do not take aim at capitalism: the production of commodities through private monopoly control of the means of production towards the ceaseless and globally polarized accumulation of surplus value. They avoid analysing capitalism as based on exploitation, and in doing so, they write warrants for a new, tamed, ecologically sensitive capitalism that enfolds the natural world into its accounting matrices. Thus, by failing to see it and remedy it, the reports make exploitation inevitable. They do the same for South–North resource transfers and the degraded participation of Southern states in the international system (Mundy, <span>2021</span>) — the varied patterns of oppression and exploitation marked by such flows and full or partial denudation of sovereign","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12732","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47212076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}