Development and Change最新文献

{"title":"Lance Taylor (1940–2022): Reconstructing Macroeconomics","authors":"Servaas Storm","doi":"10.1111/dech.12777","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12777","url":null,"abstract":"<p>On 15 August 2022, Lance Taylor, the towering structuralist macroeconomist and a thinker of uncommon breadth, sadly passed away. His work, spanning almost six decades, stands out for its originality, creativity, (policy) relevance and theoretical rigour as well as for its fearless commitment to speak truth to power in academic and policy-making circles. This essay reviews Taylor's progression from an early development planner to a radical Keynesian macroecono-mist on a mission to reconstruct a failing mainstream macroeconomics and build a relevant, practical ‘structuralist’ alternative, grounded in real-world stylized facts and of benefit to broad-based and sustainable economic progress. Lance Taylor will be missed but, as this essay aims to demonstrate, his legacy will live on, through his prolific writings and through generations of heterodox economists who were mentored by him or have been influenced by his work.</p><p>Lance Taylor once painted the following picture of the ‘ideal’ macroeconomist: ‘Ideally, one ought to be able to teach macroeconomics at the university in the morning, advise the Minister on how to apply macroeconomics in the afternoon, and write scholarly papers on macroeconomics at night, all the while practising the same craft’ (Taylor, <span>1988a</span>: 25).1 When he wrote this, Taylor probably had John Maynard Keynes in mind — the British economist who revolutionized economics and economic policy making in the 1930s — but as a matter of fact, he came very close to this ‘ideal’ himself.</p><p>Fast forward to Özlem Ömer, for whom Taylor acted as unofficial advisor for her 2018 PhD thesis (40 years after Darity), who writes: ‘We exchanged thousands of detailed emails, through which I learned his approach to macroeconomic theory …. He was incredibly patient and kind. … Lance's responses were immediate and thoughtful — no matter the time of the day. He didn't want to waste any time because he had so much to share, to write and to teach’ (Ömer, <span>2022</span>: 174–75). Email had replaced the scribbled notes, but otherwise things stayed exactly the same. Interestingly, and consistent with his dissenting position within the economics profession, Taylor's office was not located in the building that housed the MIT Economics Department, but rather in the old, rambling, wooden building that housed the MIT Food and Nutrition Department. His office, door generally open, did indeed have a hammock and was full of books, reports and papers — while visitors, reportedly, would also often meet his Saint Bernard dog which he brought along to work.</p><p>When it comes to ‘advising the Minister’, Lance Taylor gave counsel to governments all over the globe, starting with Chile in 1968–69, and including Brazil, Egypt, India, Pakistan, Portugal, Nigeria, South Africa, Thailand and others. In fact, Taylor's students found it difficult to name a country he had not been to. Taylor made it a practice to collaborate with economists from the count","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"54 5","pages":"1331-1353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12777","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42347805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Law and Famine: Learning from the Hunger Courts in South Sudan","authors":"Naomi Pendle","doi":"10.1111/dech.12770","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12770","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Activists and scholars are seeking to end famine by promoting international legal accountability for starvation. This article deepens our understanding of the relationship between the politics of famine and law by observing the ongoing prevalence and power of legal norms and institutions during times of famine. It reveals the widespread use of hunger courts in famine-prone South Sudan and their role in legally enforcing social networks that provide for the most vulnerable. Based on analysis of country-wide survey data from 2018 and 2019, qualitative interviews from 2019‒22 and in-depth ethnographic observations of hunger courts in one chiefdom in South Sudan during a period of famine-level hunger in 2018 and 2019, the article argues that hunger courts have played a key role in enforcing social networks. These courts have also supported continuity of chiefs’ authority despite crisis. The article concludes by addressing two issues: whether law is necessarily emancipatory in times of famine, and whether legal norms have shifted responsibility for hunger away from the political economies and conflicts that cause famine, instead placing blame and shame on the families of the most vulnerable.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"54 3","pages":"467-489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12770","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47814189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-estate Boom, Commodification and Crises of Social Reproductive Institutions in Rural China","authors":"Tiantian Liu","doi":"10.1111/dech.12769","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12769","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on 12 months of ethnographic, interview and archival research in a poor rural county in China, this article argues that three state policies, namely the concentration of rural educational resources in the county seat, the decision to make access to county-seat public schools conditional upon homeownership in school districts, and the (former) one-child policy, have compelled rural households to participate in the real-estate market to meet the reproductive needs of basic education and marriage. The increasing commodification of education and marriage has fuelled a local real-estate boom during the past decade. At the same time, it has put peasant-migrant households under severe economic pressure, forcing them to relocate unpaid female care labour away from the village and to become heavily indebted. These outcomes have had serious repercussions for two other reproductive institutions, leading to a breakdown in intergenerational care and financial support for the elderly, and a sharp decline in the rural birth rate. The Chinese countryside as a social space in which peasant-migrant households were able to reproduce themselves in a relatively non-commodified manner has disappeared.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"54 3","pages":"543-569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12769","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49600260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negotiated Agreements, Indigenous Peoples and Extractive Industry in the Salar de Atacama, Chile: When Is an Agreement More than a Contract?","authors":"Ciaran O'Faircheallaigh,&nbsp;Sally Babidge","doi":"10.1111/dech.12767","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12767","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While acknowledging advances in legal recognition of Indigenous rights, much of the research literature positions negotiated agreements between Indigenous peoples and corporations simply as ‘neoliberal technology’ that gives the appearance of Indigenous consent while allowing exploitation to continue. This analysis is flawed in considering agreements as discrete, stand-alone phenomena. It ignores the possibility that Indigenous peoples may use agreements as part of broader strategies to achieve control over extractive industry activity and to secure a share of ‘development’ benefits — strategies that involve selective engagement with the state. This article supports its argument by locating an agreement between the Chilean lithium mining company, Albemarle, and the Council of Atacameño Peoples within a broad and sustained strategy by Atacameño people to address the negative impacts of mining in the Salar de Atacama, Chile, while securing its economic benefits. This strategy includes using the agreement to voice Atacameño territorial claims and environmental concerns to the state, and to insist that the state lives up to its responsibilities. The analysis leads to a fuller appreciation of the agency exercised by Indigenous peoples in dealing with the sustained expansion of extractive activity on their territories, and a more nuanced understanding of negotiated agreements between Indigenous peoples and mining corporations and between Indigenous people and the state.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"54 3","pages":"641-670"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12767","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47171733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Green Energy Transition and Peripheral City Development in China: Towards a Local Eco-developmental State","authors":"Victor Kaiyuan Lin,&nbsp;Jenn-Hwan Wang","doi":"10.1111/dech.12765","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12765","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The green energy transition is recognized for its inherent environmental contributions. This article illustrates how it can also reshape the economic landscape and create the conditions for a peripheral city to develop. Drawing on the politics of accelerating low-carbon transition and focusing on the role that local governments play in this process, the authors illustrate how the green energy transition has commercialized wind and solar resources and constructed a new resource control system in northwest China. The Gobi Desert has extensive wind and solar energy resources; having the authority to grant access to preferential sites to exploit these resources empowers local governments to combine their interests with those of other stakeholders to build local capacity and achieve developmental goals. Governments are also able to manipulate renewable energy curtailments to promote infrastructure investment, technological progress, and the grid-parity model. The green energy transition can therefore play a role in upgrading industrial structures, alleviating local poverty, narrowing regional development gaps, and contributing to national environmental improvement. This study provides a theoretical contribution to our understanding of how the local eco-developmental state configures new energy spaces and restructures local governance, and argues that green industrial policies are sometimes actively nurtured by local rather than central governments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"54 3","pages":"514-542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47499802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agency and Structure in Militarized Conservation and Armed Mobilization: Evidence from Eastern DRC's Kahuzi-Biega National Park","authors":"Fergus O'Leary Simpson,&nbsp;Lorenzo Pellegrini","doi":"10.1111/dech.12764","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12764","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ongoing debates in conservation studies stress the dire consequences of ‘fortress’ and ‘militarized’ conservation at violent frontiers. Presenting evidence from Kahuzi-Biega National Park in war-torn eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), this article shows how the park has become a focal point for armed insurgent groups in the region. Although fortress conservation has contributed to one major incident of violent resistance in recent years, it plays only a marginal role in defining the structures shaping the actions of armed groups. These structures — some of which are reproduced and (occasionally) reshaped by armed groups — include the legacies of poverty and insecurity, the geographical features of the park and the presence of illicit trading networks. This perspective emerges only when we zoom out from the park to place it within the context of the history and broader political economy of the DRC. On the one hand, these dynamics severely constrain the agency of conservation organizations, leaving militarized conservation as the only feasible form of enforcement. This approach at times generates violent outcomes for certain groups of people and produces a resource-rich, isolated terrain which provides a staging ground for broader conflicts to play out. On the other hand, militarized conservation could provide basic law and order at the forest's edge. Ultimately, therefore, militarized conservation plays an ambivalent role vis-à-vis security and stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"54 3","pages":"601-640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42880217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formalization and its Discontents: Conceptual Fallacies and Ways Forward","authors":"Max Gallien,&nbsp;Vanessa van den Boogaard","doi":"10.1111/dech.12768","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12768","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The concept of formalization has long underpinned policy interventions and measures intended to connect informal entities with state institutions or formal economic structures. However, despite the policy enthusiasm, the outcomes of formalization policies have frequently been disappointing. This article argues that this disconnect lies in the concept of formalization itself and that common approaches to formalization are often rooted in three conceptual fallacies: a binary distinction between formal and informal economic actors, a lack of appreciation for the diversity of informal economic actors and the idea that ‘becoming’ formal necessarily spurs positive externalities. These conceptual confusions pay insufficient attention to contextual complexity and the political and social dynamics that shape informality in a given context and they are frequently rooted in the practicalities and power structures that shape knowledge creation in this area. This article demonstrates this through case studies of tax registration and property titling. Thus, it argues for a new research agenda on formalization that challenges both its conventional conceptual foundations and the practices of research that engage with it.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"54 3","pages":"490-513"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46964968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agrarian Questions: New Paradigms in a Changing World","authors":"Arindam Banerjee","doi":"10.1111/dech.12766","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12766","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"54 3","pages":"671-687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49532048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facing the Future: The Legacies of Post-Neoliberalism in Latin America","authors":"Jean Grugel,&nbsp;Pia Riggirozzi","doi":"10.1111/dech.12508","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12508","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This virtual issue reviews the post-neoliberalism literature published in <i>Development and Change</i> between 2012 and 2018. It reflects on recent and ongoing, multiple experiences of resistance to speculative, extractive, inequitable and unsustainable development and the demands for alternatives that emerged in Latin America. The argument is developed through an analysis of the 18 most relevant articles published in this journal, that make a major contribution to three key interrelated debates, namely: the meaning and policies associated with post-neoliberalism; challenges of citizenship and democracy; and the sustainability agenda. Collectively, the selected articles provide a detailed and much-needed discussion about the key achievements, limitations and legacies of post-neoliberalism.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"54 2","pages":"e1-e17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48427860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Far Does the Diverse Economies Approach Take Us?","authors":"Georgina M. Gómez","doi":"10.1111/dech.12762","DOIUrl":"10.1111/dech.12762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Julie and Katherine Gibson-Graham and Kelly Dombroski (eds), <i>The Handbook of Diverse Economies</i>. Cheltenham and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2020. 546 pp. £ 199.80 hardback</b>.</p><p>There is a long-standing tradition of thought on human-centred and communitarian economies. It connects to a search for utopias (no lands) and udetopias (neverlands) which has accelerated with the advent of capitalism and the obsession with capital accumulation that gave the latter system its name. Intellectuals like Charles Fourier, Silvio Gesell, François Marie, Karl Marx, Robert Owen and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon were pioneers in developing social, economic and political alternatives to capitalism. They engaged with the original 16th century collectivist and utopian socialism of Sir Thomas More, which, as French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu (<span>1998</span>: 125) observed, was ‘often discredited, dismissed and ridiculed in the name of economic realism’. Drawing on this tradition, the scholarly couple Katherine Gibson and Julie Graham added the diverse economies (DE) approach three decades ago.1 Since then, it has developed into a fully-fledged research programme among scholars and a vision of social transformation among activists. The latest arrival in their scientific production <i>The Handbook of Diverse Economies</i>, is edited by J.K. Gibson-Graham and Kelly Dombroski, and the subject of this critical review.</p><p>Through capturing and valorizing the variety of economic, social and political spaces that currently proliferate in the interstices of the capitalist system, the diverse economies approach has gained considerable traction. These spaces, DE authors and followers would emphasize, are not an exercise of the imagination occurring in the no lands and neverlands of utopianism, but tangible and true sources of global hope. They are existing spaces which evade capitalism or shape resistance to it, and mobilize collectives. Underlining that building alternatives to capitalism is feasible as it is ongoing, <i>The Handbook of Diverse Economies</i> adds cases, findings and reflections, and invites analysis of the way scholars understand and write about economic alternatives.</p><p>However, as in previous works (see Gibson-Graham, <span>1996, 2008</span>), engagement with academics outside feminist, post-structural and post-development circles remains pending in this last book. While this new volume refines the contrast with neoliberal politics and the ‘crushing uniformity of mainstream circuits of value’ (Fuller et al., <span>2016</span>: xxiv), it does not meet the need to engage with other ways of theorizing alternatives to overcome the relatively marginal position of diverse economies within the dominant capitalist system. Some of the older critiques of the DE approach are explicitly addressed, but the general lack of receptiveness to criticism limits the influence of the research programme beyond the circles of supporters and partisan advocates","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"54 2","pages":"442-460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45699404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}