Development and Change最新文献

{"title":"Responses to Livelihood Precarity in Dryland India: Diversifying Out of Agrarian Distress","authors":"Ambarish Karamchedu","doi":"10.1111/dech.12858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12858","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scholars of critical agrarian political economy see agriculture in liberalization-era India as a form of disguised unemployment, part of wider agrarian distress. This article engages with literature differentiating the class/caste responses to agrarian and non-farm livelihood distress in India to understand the different diversification options that households have available. The article draws on research carried out in a village in dryland, Bt cotton-dependent Telangana in south India to show these variegated practices. While Other Backward Caste households invested in livestock to cope with heavy Bt cotton investments and losses, Scheduled Caste households focused on the educated rural youth, relying on their non-farm wage labour in jobs such as taxi driving. Despite rural–urban migration and higher levels of education, under/unemployment remains persistent for rural youth. In this context, Ryuthu Bandhu, a cash transfer programme pioneered in Telangana in 2018, proved crucial for rural livelihood survival in the study village, contributing up to 22 per cent of annual household incomes. However, negative average net incomes across all households show that attempts to diversify out of distress have been largely unsuccessful.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 6","pages":"1289-1314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Critical Framing of Data for Development: Historicizing Data Relations and AI","authors":"Alexander Martin Mussgnug,&nbsp;Sabina Leonelli","doi":"10.1111/dech.12857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Nick Couldry and Ulises A. Mejias, <i>The Costs of Connection: How Data Is Colonizing Human Life and Appropriating it for Capitalism</i>. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press, 2019. 352 pp. £ 15.50 paperback</b>. <b>Matteo Pasquinelli, <i>The Eye of The Master: A Social History of Artificial Intelligence</i>. London: Verso Books, 2023. 272 pp. £ 13.85 paperback</b>.</p><p>Recent years have witnessed increasing efforts to leverage emerging data sources and digital technologies in the design and delivery of international development programmes. Today, big data and artificial intelligence (AI) in particular have become a formative part of development work. This is evidenced by the establishment of intergovernmental innovation labs such as the UN Global Pulse, academic research centres such as the University of California Berkeley's Global Policy Lab, and a plethora of industry-driven initiatives. Under the banner of ‘data for development’, large-scale data integration for logistical, managerial and administrative purposes is heralded as revolutionizing capacity-building efforts in low-resourced nations and territories. Besides others, novel data technologies promise to transform access to social services and legal systems, the efficient use of natural resources, logistical efforts towards distributing food and medical care, educational programmes to improve literacy and computational skills, and effective coordination between local, national and transnational agencies.</p><p>In the face of much hype and enthusiasm for such applications, some have expressed concerns regarding the increasing datafication of development work, starting from the very umbrella term of ‘development’ under which these initiatives often sit (e.g. Dirlik, <span>2014</span>). The emphasis on ‘development’ may reflect an implicit evaluation of social contexts as being more or less ‘adequate’ depending on the extent to which they offer access to digital technologies. This, however, may not reflect other criteria for whether or not a given context is underdeveloped, which include access to social welfare, medical services and free trade among other possible options, nor may it acknowledge the very different impact that digitalization and AI-powered technologies may have depending on local socio-cultural norms and preferences. Relatedly, Laura Mann (<span>2018</span>) has criticized the almost exclusive focus of data for development applications on humanitarian aid at the expense of economic and socio-ecological development. All too often, public‒private partnerships in the design and deployment of these technologies contribute to the annexation of communities into existing economic, epistemic and technical infrastructures in a manner that ultimately benefits the Global North rather than allowing for the building of capacity in the Global South. For instance, agricultural development initiatives pushing toward greater data collection and openness might extract informa","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 5","pages":"1109-1121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges to Empowerment of Women through Value Chains: The Need to Move from Individual to Relational Empowerment","authors":"Phuong Nguyen,&nbsp;Regina Scheyvens,&nbsp;Alice Beban,&nbsp;Samantha Gardyne","doi":"10.1111/dech.12852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12852","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the prevailing assumption by donors that connecting smallholder women to value chains will close the gender gap and empower women. Based on a case study of a programme that seeks to empower women through their integration into value chains in Vietnam, the article assesses women's empowerment across four dimensions: economic, psychological, social and political. The authors argue that women's engagement in value chains does not always financially benefit and empower women because patriarchal power structures within families, communities and businesses make it challenging for women to gain authority over production decisions in higher-value crops. Women in the study gained more autonomy over ‘women's crops’ which yielded small incomes, while men had control over production that was seen as ‘men's work’, and in large-scale and more lucrative production. Gendered power relations affect women's access to economic opportunities: in this context, development agencies should reconsider their approaches to women's economic empowerment by focusing on relational rather than individual empowerment. This means that women's economic empowerment programmes should involve both men and women, with targeted interventions ensuring women are empowered within the household and in their connections with the community, local authorities and businesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 5","pages":"993-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12852","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Compensation: Reparations and the Ongoing Colonization of Australia","authors":"Elise Klein","doi":"10.1111/dech.12853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12853","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the relationship between reparations as compensation and reparations as transformation in settler colonial Australia. Much of the global reparations debate on colonization and slavery has focused on important demands confronting the historic damages and ongoing accumulation of disadvantage from colonization in ex-colonies or from plantation slavery. Much less has been said about reparations for settler colonialism which is a specific form of ongoing colonization in the here and now. Drawing on long-standing work around reparations for colonization by Indigenous peoples in Australia, and the woeful compensatory responses the state and judiciary have offered, this article argues that reparations for ongoing colonization could consider options beyond monetary compensation. This includes the critical domain of reparations as transformation that aim less to offset damage and reconcile suffering, but rather to comprehensively transform colonial relations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 4","pages":"830-854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Political Economy of Land Reparations in South Africa","authors":"Lebohang Liepollo Pheko","doi":"10.1111/dech.12856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12856","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines white settler colonialism and racial capitalism as the primary mechanisms for the historical and ongoing land dispossession of Afrikan people in South Africa. It argues that by addressing land dispossession through land restitution, South Africa could begin to meaningfully address the ongoing impacts of settler colonial displacement of Afrikan people. It contends that land reparations are central not only to restorative physical and spatial justice but also to physical healing. The aim of this contribution is to historicize and herstoricize the South African land question; situate this within the context of racial capitalism and settler colonialism; provide a framing of the racialization and feminization of the land economy; and expound on the particularities of misogynoir and critical feminist theory in theorizing the acute land dispossession of Afrikan women. Situated within the Azanian School of thought, its essential contribution is the suggestion that land restoration is a necessary and meaningful reparative measure for South Africans.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 4","pages":"800-829"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12856","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding Water Privatization in Mozambique: Producing Success, Reproducing Neoliberal Water","authors":"Chris Büscher","doi":"10.1111/dech.12854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12854","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines how and why water privatization has been in place for nearly three decades in Mozambique, expanding from cities to towns despite a lack of conclusive evidence of its merits. Drawing on primary data and secondary sources, the article argues that powerful actors driving water privatization in Mozambique ‘produced success’ out of what has been a messy and problematic process of implementing water privatization in cities in the 2000s. This strategy is cultural, in that actors constructed and mobilized a success narrative to legitimize the retention of water privatization in cities and to widen its spatial scope to towns. Yet, because water privatization in cities was not actually successful — quite the contrary — the retention and expansion of water privatization necessarily relied on a political economic process that buttressed this cultural production of success. That is, proponents expended power and resources in critical decision-making moments to ensure water privatization and its underlying neoliberal water imaginary would be sustained, at the expense of alternative (post-neoliberal) modes of water supply. As such, this article concludes that water privatization in Mozambique represents an exemplary case of neoliberal resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 5","pages":"1078-1108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12854","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-reparations Preparation: Fixing the Plumbing before Turning on the Tap","authors":"Matthew Robinson","doi":"10.1111/dech.12851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12851","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A growing number of communities in the global African diaspora are campaigning for reparations for historical and contemporary human rights violations. While the political advocacy campaigns continue, communities which are set to receive reparations should, through a process called pre-reparations preparation, consider their current economic situation and how they may improve their circumstances with the restitution that they will receive. An integral part of pre-reparations preparation is investigating community income and expenditure. This article explores the use of the leaky bucket analogy in assessing the Black American community's financial inflows and outflows, how Black communities can use this process to plan pre- and post-payment community economic development, and why government administrators and regulators should engage in their own pre-reparations preparation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 4","pages":"651-671"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12851","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Reparations within Capitalism: Aspirations and Tensions in Contemporary Movements for Reparatory Justice","authors":"Ndongo Samba Sylla,&nbsp;Andrew M. Fischer,&nbsp;Annina Kaltenbrunner,&nbsp;Sreerekha Sathi","doi":"10.1111/dech.12855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12855","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The idea of global reparations has received increasing attention in recent years, not only with respect to legacies of slavery and colonialism, but also to interrelated issues such as climate change, debt crisis, or ongoing financial transfers from the Global South to the Global North. This article, which introduces and sets the Debate for the 2024 Forum issue on the political economy of 21st century global reparations, offers a critical perspective on contemporary global reparations agendas, including their macroeconomic and development implications for the Global South. It highlights the contentious, unresolved questions about how reparations movements should interact with the highly unequal structures of global capitalism. To what degree should they seek large redistributive gains within these structures, or else aim for more revolutionary standpoints which reject these structures? If the former, would this compromise any hope for reparations to be truly transformative and able to address the challenges presented by global white supremacy? The hope of reparations movements is to make progressive gains that could become the catalyst for more transformative changes on a global scale. At the same time, sympathetic critics question whether reparations are feasible or should be a primary focus of advocacy for achieving racial and climate justice on national as well as global levels. In outlining these points of debate, the article also considers the questions of how to make global reparations work for recipients, and how to finance them. It concludes by elaborating on the challenge of moving towards a more developmentalist emphasis of ‘systemic reparations’.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 4","pages":"560-600"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12855","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ranajit Guha: A Thinker of Revolutionary Being","authors":"Milinda Banerjee","doi":"10.1111/dech.12850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12850","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 4","pages":"892-909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12850","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Education and the Timing of Family Formation: Evidence from Quantile Regression Analysis","authors":"Ewa Batyra","doi":"10.1111/dech.12846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12846","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The relationship between educational level and the age at which women start families has been extensively researched. However, studies have primarily explored how additional schooling shifts the mean or, more broadly, only one point of the age at first union and first birth distributions. This ignores variation in the association between education and the timing of family formation, and the fact that schooling might shape behaviours of vulnerable and more privileged women differently. Using quantile regressions, this article examines heterogeneity in the relationship between education and the age at first union and first birth across the distribution of these events within 50 low- and middle-income countries. It investigates whether additional schooling shifts relatively early union formation and childbearing (that is, lower parts of distributions) similarly or differently than it shifts other parts of the distributions. It finds that association between an additional year at school and the age at first union and birth is weaker in the lower than the upper parts of the distributions. Education has a relatively weak effect on the reduction of early first unions and births and plays an unequalizing role in shaping family formation within countries. These findings are key to understanding persistently high levels of early marriage and pregnancy, despite the expansion of education.</p>","PeriodicalId":48194,"journal":{"name":"Development and Change","volume":"55 5","pages":"1018-1050"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dech.12846","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}