Work Employment and Society最新文献

{"title":"The Equality Hurdle: Resolving the Welfare State Paradox","authors":"Erling Barth, Liza Reisel, Kjersti Misje Østbakken","doi":"10.1177/09500170231155293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170231155293","url":null,"abstract":"This article revisits a central tenet of the welfare state paradox, also known as the inclusion-equality trade-off. Using large-scale survey data for 31 European countries and the United States, collected over a recent 15-year period, the article re-investigates the relationship between female labour force participation and gender segregation. Emphasising the transitional role played by the monetisation of domestic tasks, the study identifies a ‘gender equality hurdle’ that countries with the highest levels of female labour force participation have already passed. The results show that occupational gender segregation is currently lower in countries with high female labour force participation, regardless of public sector size. However, the findings also indicate that high relative levels of public spending on health, education and care are particularly conducive to desegregation. Hence, rather than being paradoxical, more equality in participation begets more equality in the labour market, as well as in gendered tasks in society overall.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43323330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trans People in the Workplace: Possibilities for Subverting Heteronormativity","authors":"David Watson, Angelo Benozzo, R. Fida","doi":"10.1177/09500170231155059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170231155059","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores possible subversions of heteronormativity through transgender performativity in the workplace. Drawing on insights from Judith Butler we focus on how employees construct (un)intelligible subject positions that can create ‘moments’ of subversion, which go against the disciplinary, powerful and normative gender binary. We explore this possibility through an analysis of qualitative material generated through encounters with 11 Italian trans workers. Our analysis shows that subversion manifests in diverse ways according to how individual performativities combine with organisational context. Within this diversity we highlight three moments of subversion: subversion through intrigue; subversion through incongruence; and subversion through betrayal. We argue that where transgender identity contrasts strongly with gender norms, subversion is most intense. The subversion of strongly heteronormative working contexts is difficult as moments of subversion are unpredictable, varied and can come at personal cost, but are necessary in order to accommodate different gender identities.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44292045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: William Monteith, Dora-Olivia Vicol and Philippa Williams (eds), Beyond the Wage: Ordinary Work in Diverse Economies","authors":"Konstantinos Kerasovitis","doi":"10.1177/09500170231155796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170231155796","url":null,"abstract":"the case of former established and outsider figuration. The narratives of former established and outside working-class feelings are found to be different from each other. The gendered differences in emotions among men and women in working-class experiences of social inequality are lacking in the book. The strength of the book is how the author has presented the qualitative empirical data with theoretical arguments throughout the analysis. However, views towards reducing inequality and restoring their identity are less explored. In addition to the content, the book will be useful to early career researchers who are keen to know how to present their arguments relating to qualitative empirical data with theoretical discourses and how to develop theory from empirical data.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45500178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Lars Meier, Working Class Experiences of Social Inequalities in (Post-) Industrial Landscapes: Feelings of Class","authors":"B. Mohapatra","doi":"10.1177/09500170231155780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170231155780","url":null,"abstract":"processes at work in the British sex industry, most notably colourism (Chapter 4). Bowen identifies the ideal sex worker as being thin, white, blonde, cisgender – against whom all other sex workers are evaluated. This valuation determines the financial resources available to different placements within the hierarchy, putting white (-passing) sex workers at the top. Moreover, Bowen highlights the hierarchization of whiteness the Brexit referendum revealed, showing how ‘dark’ Europeans from Eastern Europe are the least desirable among buyers. Bowen’s engagement with the recognition of sex work as work shines through the two concluding chapters of the book. By following her interlocutors’ frustrations and disillusionment with work itself, the author returns on Marx’s thesis of alienation. Through this gesture, the book shows how sex workers’ exploitation is not inherent in the selling of sex itself; rather, it stems from the working conditions established by policies as socioeconomic interactions. These specific and precarious working conditions are shared between sex work and non-sex work, inducing workers to engage in duality to fill in the gaps left open by processes of precarization. Bowen engages directly with this phenomenon through an extensive commentary of current policies around sex work. She concludes by demystifying the rhetoric of victimhood surrounding sex workers by showing how they are neither treated as victims nor as real workers. Throughout this book, Bowen puts forward a thorough demystification of the stigma surrounding sex work from both policy-makers as well as (some) feminist scholarship. The book combines this demystification with a detailed analysis of duality as both a cultural and a socio-economic process, shedding light on the intricate strategies put forward by dual workers. Finally, duality emerges not as a rigid process, but as a fluid work arrangement with multiple and varied end-goals, from short-term project to stable duality towards class mobility. The book has the merit to be accessible to a wide audience, from policy-makers to academics, interested in informal market relations and sex work. Work, Money and Duality does a great job in highlighting the lived experiences of sex workers as they negotiate dual lives within a precarized political economy.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45138725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological Change, Tasks and Class Inequality in Europe","authors":"Carlos J. Gil-Hernández, Guillem Vidal, Sergio Torrejón Perez","doi":"10.1177/09500170231155783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170231155783","url":null,"abstract":"Neo-Weberian occupational class schemas, rooted in industrial-age employment relations, are a standard socio-economic position measure in social stratification. Previous research highlighted Erikson-Goldthorpe-Portocarero (EGP)-based schemas’ difficulties in keeping up with changing labour markets, but few tested alternative explanations. This article explores how job tasks linked to technological change and rising economic inequality might confound the links between employment relations, classes, and life chances. Using the European Working Conditions Survey covering the European Union (EU)-27 countries, this article analyses over time and by gender: 1) the task distribution between social classes; and 2) whether tasks predict class membership and life chances. Decomposition analyses suggest that tasks explain class membership and wage inequality better than theorised employment relations. However, intellectual/routine tasks and digital tools driving income inequality are well-stratified by occupational classes. Therefore, this article does not argue for a class (schema) revolution but for fine-tuning the old instrument to portray market inequalities in the digital age.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47309552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making Markets Material: Enactments, Resistances, and Erasures of Materiality in the Graduate Labour Market","authors":"O. Loza, P. Roscoe","doi":"10.1177/09500170231155280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170231155280","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarship on the graduate labour market, preoccupied by structure, agency, and power, has largely focused on the market’s discursive composition. It has not yet paid significant attention to the concrete, material apparatus of the market and how this shapes market outcomes. In contrast, we approach the construction of the graduate labour market from a new materialist perspective and with reference to the growing literature of ‘market studies’. We consider the empirical case of a graduate recruitment hackathon to show how the hackathon’s material features were implicated in enacting a specific occurrence of the graduate labour market. The agendas of the hackathon’s designers and their visions of the graduate labour market were enacted in the hackathon’s material arrangements, but this enactment was not always reliable: in some instances materiality resisted and erased corporate agendas. Our article contributes to the sociology of work by highlighting the dynamic relationship between materiality and power (re)production in the graduate labour market.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47233745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choreographies of Care: A Dance of Human and Material Agency in Rehabilitation Work with Robots","authors":"A. Gasparre, L. Tirabeni","doi":"10.1177/09500170221144396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170221144396","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to advance the understanding of how human and material agency enmesh in human-robotic workplaces. By means of a qualitative study, the practical use of robots is investigated within two organisations for medical rehabilitation. The theoretical framework combines Andrew Pickering’s ‘dance of agency’ with a process-oriented view of technology as technical rationality. It shows how resistances and accommodations are enacted by both humans and nonhumans as analytical loci of the dance of agency, and it explains how the experimental activities that are concerned with technology adoption and use are emergently fixed in formal or informal rules of coordination of action – the ‘choreographies of care’. By extending the processual orientation of Pickering’s ‘dance of agency’, and by further elaborating on the organisational implications of technological change within it, the article increases understanding of how the transformation of material agency may enact processes of change in the organisational culture.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48447247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Work, Employment and Society: Extending the Debate on Organisational Involvement in/Responsibilities around Fertility and Reproduction","authors":"K. Wilkinson, C. Mumford, M. Carroll","doi":"10.1177/09500170231155752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170231155752","url":null,"abstract":"A relatively recent development in the field of work and employment is organisational provisions around employee fertility – notably policies and benefits related to assisted reproductive technologies, also known as fertility treatment. Work, employment and organisation scholars have only scratched the surface of this issue. This Debates and Controversies article takes an intersectional political economy approach to explore the opportunities, challenges and dilemmas at the interface between assisted reproductive technologies, society, employment and work. We consider how ‘stratified reproduction’ may be affected by employer interest in assisted reproductive technologies; what employers may gain, risk or lose by developing provisions; how assisted reproductive technologies-related ‘reproductive work’ intersects with paid employment; and the possible consequences, including occupational stratification due to assisted reproductive technologies-related career penalty. We call for further research, especially focusing on the most disadvantaged in society and employment, and approaches to workplace support led by compassion over cost-benefit calculation.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43638400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matching Candidates to Culture: How Assessments of Organisational Fit Shape the Hiring Process","authors":"Gerbrand Tholen","doi":"10.1177/09500170231155294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170231155294","url":null,"abstract":"Organisational fit represents a crucial criterion in the hiring process. This article aims to understand how employers and external recruitment consultants define and apply organisational fit in professional labour markets, such as engineering, marketing and finance. It also investigates how the use of organisational fit in hiring can lead to social bias within these labour markets. It relies on semi-structured interviews with 47 external recruitment consultants who assist employers in these sectors. The article draws on Relational Inequality Theory to demonstrate how hiring managers and consultants use organisational fit to create and justify boundaries between acceptable and unacceptable candidates. Claim-making supports the rationalisation and legitimisation in the exclusion of groups of candidates. The article critically informs human resource management, business and psychology literature that perceive organisational fit as a largely benign criterion for recruitment. It also extends sociological and critical management literature by delineating three main exclusionary mechanisms in matching candidates for organisational fit.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45762190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Labour Market Engineers: Reconceptualising Labour Market Intermediaries with the Rise of the Gig Economy in the United States","authors":"Ashley Baber","doi":"10.1177/09500170221150087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170221150087","url":null,"abstract":"Gig work – accessing job opportunities through an app – has brought renewed attention to precarious non-standard labour arrangements. Scholars have begun to consider the intermediary role that platforms such as Uber, Lyft and Doordash play in exploiting and controlling workers. Yet, literature on labour market intermediaries has muddied conceptions of their role, impact and outcomes for workers by lumping a variety of institutions under the same umbrella term. Drawing from previous theoretical and empirical works throughout the temporary help and gig industries, this article proposes a reconceptualisation of labour market intermediaries as labour market engineers highlighting four mutually reinforcing features. This sociological reconceptualisation updates the understanding of for-profit labour market intermediaries by demonstrating the market making behaviours of firms of on-demand labour in the US context. Likewise, this reconceptualisation notes how gig firms have adapted and expanded these features in ways that increase precarity for workers.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47422022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}