{"title":"Author Index to Volume 37 Journal of Personality Disorders.","authors":"","doi":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.6.761","DOIUrl":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.6.761","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality Disorders","volume":"37 6","pages":"761-766"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138463625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tobias Nolte, Joost Hutsebaut, Carla Sharp, Chloe Campbell, Peter Fonagy, Anthony Bateman
{"title":"The Role of Epistemic Trust in Mentalization-Based Treatment of Borderline Psychopathology","authors":"Tobias Nolte, Joost Hutsebaut, Carla Sharp, Chloe Campbell, Peter Fonagy, Anthony Bateman","doi":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.633","url":null,"abstract":"Building on the notion of epistemic trust as facilitating social learning, in this article we clarify how interventions from mentalization-based treatment (MBT) for borderline personality disorder generate this process. We suggest first that being mentalized is a critical cue in interactions to establish epistemic trust and second that epistemic mistrust may represent a final common pathway through which aversive relational experiences in the past may exert their influence on treatments—both as a disposition of the patient and as a characteristic of the therapist-patient encounter. By charting MBT interventions from the initial assessment and formulation, through individual and group therapy sessions, to re-engaging with the wider social environment, we examine how each of these can establish a “we-mode,” an interpersonal experience associated with being mentalized that unlocks the barrier posed by epistemic vigilance. In addition, implications for relational mentalizing and rupture and repair within the therapeutic relationship are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality Disorders","volume":"29 22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136117673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interpersonal Trust and Borderline Personality Disorder: Insights From Clinical Practice and Research: Introduction.","authors":"Eric A Fertuck, Emanuele Preti","doi":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.469","DOIUrl":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals suffering from borderline personality disorder (BPD) show a pervasive sense that others cannot be trusted, are vulnerable to negative therapeutic reactions, and can oscillate between idealized and persecutory interactions with others. These trust processing impairments impact both the immediate and wider social milieu of individuals with BPD, including therapist-patient interactions. Recently, research started unraveling the social-cognitive mechanisms of these impairments in BPD. In this Special Issue, we attempt to close the gap between research findings and clinical theories on trust processing impairment in BPD. The first section includes five original studies on trust processing in BPD. The second section includes five articulations of trust processing impairment as a treatment target in evidence-based treatments for BPD and as an indispensable \"common factor\" in the treatment of BPD. These cutting-edge research and clinical contributions advance a potential integrative, clinical science framework for conceptualizing and intervening effectively with those who struggle with BPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality Disorders","volume":"37 5","pages":"469-474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric A Fertuck, Stephanie A Fischer, Robert D Melara
{"title":"Atypical Neural Plasticity and Behavioral Effects of Trustworthiness Learning in Borderline Personality Disorder Features.","authors":"Eric A Fertuck, Stephanie A Fischer, Robert D Melara","doi":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.542","DOIUrl":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study distinguishes interpersonal trust learning with a novel trust learning paradigm in participants high (H-BPD) and low (L-BPD) in BPD features. Neutral faces were paired with trust-relevant behaviors in four conditions: trustworthy, untrustworthy, ambiguously trustworthy, and mixed trustworthiness. After training, participants rated faces on untrustworthiness as electroencephalographic measures were recorded. H-BPD rated neutral faces as significantly more untrustworthy than L-BPD at both time periods. Negative and ambiguous trustworthiness pairing conditions led to higher ratings of untrustworthiness, whereas trustworthy and mixed descriptors led to lower ratings of untrustworthiness. Learning enhanced the amplitude of an early sensory event-related potential (ERP) component (i.e., P1) for both groups. The slow-wave ERP, an index of sustained attention, revealed greater focus after learning to trustworthy descriptors in H-BPD and to untrustworthy descriptors in L-BPD. H-BPD utilized greater effort to overcome an inherent mistrust bias and L-BPD to overcome unexpected untrustworthy information.</p>","PeriodicalId":48175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality Disorders","volume":"37 5","pages":"542-558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transference-Focused Psychotherapy and Trust Processing in BPD: Exploring Possible Mechanisms of Change.","authors":"Eric A Fertuck, Emanuele Preti, John F Clarkin","doi":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.620","DOIUrl":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) struggle to identify whom they can safely trust, and this struggle contributes to profound emotional turmoil in their close relationships. Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) is an application of object relations theory (ORT) that posits that polarized mental representations of self and other define the personality organization of BPD. TFP aims to utilize a clear treatment frame coupled with an analysis of the therapeutic relationship (i.e., the transference) to help individuals with BPD integrate their polarized mental representations. Improvement in the capacity to trust others is inherent in the mechanisms of change in TFP. In this article, a social cognitive model of trust processing provides a new lens through which we formulate how TFP may enhance trust processing in BPD. Recent evidence from randomized clinical trials supports the argument that TFP may intervene with BPD in a way that is concordant with uniquely improved trust processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":48175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality Disorders","volume":"37 5","pages":"620-632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annemarie Miano, Sophia Lustig, Luca Meyerding, Sven Barnow
{"title":"Accuracy and Bias in Facial Trustworthiness Appraisals in Borderline Personality Disorder.","authors":"Annemarie Miano, Sophia Lustig, Luca Meyerding, Sven Barnow","doi":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.525","DOIUrl":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have shown a negativity bias, whereas the general population has shown a positivity bias in their trustworthiness appraisal of others. We tested if individuals with BPD are more negative but also more realistic with their appraisals. Trustworthiness was objectified on an external criterion. The influence of childhood trauma was investigated. Facial photographs of peace prize laureates and sentenced murderers were presented. Participants with BPD and healthy controls (HC) rated the trustworthiness of the targets. Bias and sensitivity were measured using signal detection theory. The BPD group was more negatively biased compared to HC, but not more sensitive in discriminating between the two groups. When correcting for experienced childhood abuse and neglect, the authors found that group differences in bias disappeared. Individuals with BPD might not be more sensitive in discriminating between, on average, more or less trustworthy targets, but they have developed a negativity bias to ensure the detection of untrustworthiness.</p>","PeriodicalId":48175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality Disorders","volume":"37 5","pages":"525-541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrective Experiences to Enhance Trust: Clinical Wisdom From Good (Enough) Psychiatric Management.","authors":"Lois W Choi-Kain, Sara R Masland, Ellen F Finch","doi":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.559","DOIUrl":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unstable trust within social interchange underlies the symptom constellation of borderline personality disorder (BPD), resulting in preoccupation with intense dyadic relationships, limited capacity for social collaboration, and constricted social networks. Good Psychiatric Management (GPM) provides a distilled formulation of how interpersonal hypersensitivities drive the engine of BPD's symptomatic oscillations in both affect and attachment. The authors summarize clinically relevant conclusions from the empirical literature on trust in BPD, synthesize it with selected ideas from other empirically supported interventions, and distill a formulation of how the GPM approach can address problems of trust in BPD with strategies most clinicians can use to improve their work with patients. GPM's clinical management approach utilizes common factors in psychotherapy to structure collaboration with patients to be accountable partners in treatment, rely on themselves more to diminish unrealistic demands on others, and function more effectively in arenas that expand and stabilize their social network.</p>","PeriodicalId":48175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality Disorders","volume":"37 5","pages":"559-579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rosa Shapiro-Thompson, Tanya V Shah, Caroline Yi, Nasir Jackson, Daniel Trujillo Diaz, Sarah K Fineberg
{"title":"Modulation of Trust in Borderline Personality Disorder by Script-Based Imaginal Exposure to Betrayal.","authors":"Rosa Shapiro-Thompson, Tanya V Shah, Caroline Yi, Nasir Jackson, Daniel Trujillo Diaz, Sarah K Fineberg","doi":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.508","DOIUrl":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interpersonal and trust-related difficulties are central features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). In this study, we applied script-driven betrayal imagery to evoke mistrustful behavior in a social reinforcement learning task. In 21 BPD and 20 healthy control (HC) participants, we compared this approach to the standard confederate paradigm used in research studies. The script-driven imagery evoked a transient increase in negative affect and also decreased trusting behavior to a similar degree in both groups. Across conditions, we also replicated previously reported between-group differences in negative affect (increased in BPD) and task behavior (more sensitive to social cues in BPD). These results support the validity of script-driven imagery as an alternative social task stimulus. This script-driven imagery approach is appealing for clinical research studies on reinforcement learning because it eliminates deception, scales easily, and evokes disorder-specific states of social difficulty.</p>","PeriodicalId":48175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality Disorders","volume":"37 5","pages":"508-524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11002460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interpersonal Trust in Adolescents With Borderline Personality Disorder: Comparisons With Healthy and Psychiatric Controls.","authors":"Carla Sharp, Amanda Venta, Veronica McLaren","doi":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.475","DOIUrl":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the current study was to utilize a well-known trust versus lottery paradigm to evaluate interpersonal trust in adolescents with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The study included 126 healthy controls, 59 inpatient adolescents with a diagnosis of BPD, and 137 inpatient adolescents without BPD. Alongside diagnostic measures, a questionnaire-based measure for assessing trust beliefs was administered to probe group differences in trust beliefs and associations between game behavior and trust beliefs. No main effect for group or condition was found. A significant interaction of trial and group was noted, suggesting that across games, psychiatric controls demonstrated the steepest increase in trust over time, followed by the BPD and healthy control groups. Healthy controls evidenced significantly higher levels of trust beliefs compared to BPD and psychiatric controls. Reasons for nonreplication of previously demonstrated anomalous game behavior in adults in this adolescent sample are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality Disorders","volume":"37 5","pages":"475-489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin B Meehan, Nicole M Cain, Michael J Roche, Eric A Fertuck, Julia F Sowislo, John F Clarkin
{"title":"Evaluating Change in Transference, Interpersonal Functioning, and Trust Processes in the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Single-Case Study Using Ecological Momentary Assessment.","authors":"Kevin B Meehan, Nicole M Cain, Michael J Roche, Eric A Fertuck, Julia F Sowislo, John F Clarkin","doi":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.490","DOIUrl":"10.1521/pedi.2023.37.5.490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) is an empirically supported treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) that improves functioning via targeting representations of self affectively relating to others, particularly as evoked in the therapeutic relationship. If change in TFP operates as theorized, then shifts in patterns of \"self affectively relating to others\" should be observed in the transference prior to shifts in daily relationships. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), a patient with BPD rated daily interpersonal events for 2-week periods during 18 months of TFP; at 9 and 18 months these ratings included interactions with the therapist. Results suggest that positive perceptions of her therapist that ran counter to her negatively biased perception in other relationships preceded changes in her perceptions of others. EMA shifts corresponded to improvements in self-reported symptoms, interview-based personality functioning, and therapist assessments. Implications for assimilation of a trusting experience with the therapist as a mechanism of change in TFP are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48175,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality Disorders","volume":"37 5","pages":"490-507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}