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Can a Pessimistic Outlook Moderate the Victimization-Delinquency Relationship? 悲观态度能缓和受害-犯罪关系吗?
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2021-0142
Glenn D Walters
{"title":"Can a Pessimistic Outlook Moderate the Victimization-Delinquency Relationship?","authors":"Glenn D Walters","doi":"10.1891/VV-2021-0142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/VV-2021-0142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was designed to shed light on the relationship between victimization and offending, a pattern commonly known as the victim-offender overlap, by exploring whether victimization and pessimism toward the future interact in association with self-reported delinquency. This study was performed on 1,300 (444 males, 645 females, and 211 sex not identified) members of the 2018 High School Senior Monitoring the Future cross-sectional study. Multiple regression analysis was conducted using a maximum likelihood estimator and bias-corrected bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals. The analysis revealed that victimization and the victimization × pessimism interaction correlated significantly with delinquency, after controlling for a series of demographic, family, and peer factors. These results indicate that pessimism toward the future may exacerbate the already strong relationship known to exist between victimization and delinquency.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":"38 4","pages":"556-572"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10353196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long-Term Relationships Between Negative Life Events and Suicidal Ideation Specifying Agnew's General Theory of Crime and Delinquency: A 7-Year Longitudinal Mediation Analysis. 负性生活事件与自杀意念的长期关系:基于阿格纽犯罪理论的7年纵向中介分析。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2021-0130
Sujung Cho
{"title":"Long-Term Relationships Between Negative Life Events and Suicidal Ideation Specifying Agnew's General Theory of Crime and Delinquency: A 7-Year Longitudinal Mediation Analysis.","authors":"Sujung Cho","doi":"10.1891/VV-2021-0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/VV-2021-0130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal mediationa(l pathways on the link between various straining experiences and suicidal ideation and to test whether its relationship was mediated by the role of negative emotions, constraints, and motivations. Data for this study were collected as part of the Korean Welfare Panel Study, which was a longitudinal study conducted among 7,027 Korean households, surveyed annually from 2006 to 2012. The results indicated that bullying victimization had important effects on negative emotions, although bullying victimization was not significant for later suicidal ideation. Peer delinquency was significantly correlated with negative emotions and positively predicted later suicidal ideation. Also, the significant impact of bullying victimization was transmitted to suicidal ideation through negative emotions. It implies that individuals' negative life events predicted strain or stressors generating negative emotions that, in turn, led to a high risk of suicidal ideation as a possible coping skill.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":"38 4","pages":"459-484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10353193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intimate Partner Violence Among Hispanic/Latinx and White College Students. 西班牙裔/拉丁裔和白人大学生的亲密伴侣暴力。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2022-0044
Soonok An, Ga-Young Choi, Sung Hyun Yun, Y Joon Choi, Esther Son, Hyunkag Cho, Vanessa C Gharbi, Seunghye Hong
{"title":"Intimate Partner Violence Among Hispanic/Latinx and White College Students.","authors":"Soonok An,&nbsp;Ga-Young Choi,&nbsp;Sung Hyun Yun,&nbsp;Y Joon Choi,&nbsp;Esther Son,&nbsp;Hyunkag Cho,&nbsp;Vanessa C Gharbi,&nbsp;Seunghye Hong","doi":"10.1891/VV-2022-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/VV-2022-0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hispanic/Latinx individuals disproportionately experience intimate partner violence (IPV) compared to their non-Hispanic/Latinx counterparts, and little is known about IPV among college-aged Hispanic/Latinx students. This study examines the rates of IPV victimization and perpetration and their correlates among Hispanic/Latinx and non-Hispanic White college students by analyzing cross-sectional survey data of 3,397 Hispanic/Latinx and White college students enrolled in seven universities. Compared to their White counterparts, Hispanic/Latinx students reported higher rates of IPV victimization and perpetration. Age, gender, drug use, and adverse childhood experience were associated with both IPV victimization and perpetration, while ethnicity was only associated with IPV perpetration. This study's findings highlight the urgent need for more culturally sensitive IPV prevention services and responses to support Hispanic/Latinx college students.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":"38 4","pages":"513-535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10353197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deadly Initiations: Characteristics of Hazing Deaths in the United States (1994-2019). 致命的入会:美国欺侮死亡的特征(1994-2019)。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2021-0068
Nicholas M Perez
{"title":"Deadly Initiations: Characteristics of Hazing Deaths in the United States (1994-2019).","authors":"Nicholas M Perez","doi":"10.1891/VV-2021-0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/VV-2021-0068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On American college campuses, numerous students have died as a result of hazing activities perpetrated in fraternities, sororities, and other student groups. Still, little is known about the common characteristics among these hazing deaths. This study aims to investigate the circumstances surrounding these fatal incidents by examining hazing deaths that occurred at institutions of higher education in the United States from 1994 to 2019. This analysis revealed common characteristics related to the victims, organizations, institutions, incidents, and outcomes of these deaths. The findings support past hazing research, as victims were predominantly males pledging social fraternities. Although hazing deaths were widespread, there was variation among institutional characteristics, region, and size. The perpetrators of these incidents faced legal ramifications, including criminal convictions and civil lawsuits. The recognition of these trends can improve our understanding of the conditions present when dangerous hazing activities occur and the best practices for prevention and response.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":"38 4","pages":"536-555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10353194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intentions to Call a Helpline Among Targets of Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Gender Role Conflict. 亲密伴侣暴力对象拨打求助热线的意向:计划行为理论和性别角色冲突的作用。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2022-0036
Eduardo Reis, Carla Moleiro, Patrícia Arriaga
{"title":"Intentions to Call a Helpline Among Targets of Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Gender Role Conflict.","authors":"Eduardo Reis,&nbsp;Carla Moleiro,&nbsp;Patrícia Arriaga","doi":"10.1891/VV-2022-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/VV-2022-0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research first aimed to test the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a model to understand the intentions to call a helpline of victimized males and females. A sample of 99 participants (53 males; 46 females) who were suffering violence at the time of participation were considered for analysis. Our results indicate that males and females' attitudes and subjective norms significantly predicted intentions. Second, this study aimed to measure Gender Role Conflict (GRC) in victimized men and test its association with TPB constructs. GRC occurs when rigid, sexist, or restrictive gender roles result in the restriction, devaluation, or violation of others or the self. Our results indicate that GRC was only negatively associated with perceived behavioral control. Additionally, in our sample of men who filled the GRC measure (<i>n</i> = 245), victimized men reported significantly higher GRC than non-victimized men. Overall, our findings indicate gender specificities in the intentions to call a helpline and suggest that GRC plays an important role in seeking help for men.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":"38 4","pages":"485-512"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9984411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Female-to-Male Sexual Assault: The Role of the Perpetrator's Attractiveness and Attributed Emotional States on Victim Blame. 女性对男性的性侵犯：施暴者的吸引力和归因情绪状态对受害者自责的作用》（The Role of the Perpetrator's Attractiveness and Attributed Emotional States on Victim Blame.
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2021-0172
Luca Caricati, Sara Baldini, Chiara Bonetti
{"title":"Female-to-Male Sexual Assault: The Role of the Perpetrator's Attractiveness and Attributed Emotional States on Victim Blame.","authors":"Luca Caricati, Sara Baldini, Chiara Bonetti","doi":"10.1891/VV-2021-0172","DOIUrl":"10.1891/VV-2021-0172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effect of the victim's gender and the perpetrator's attractiveness on the observer's blame on the male and female victims of coercive sexual contact. Two hundred and ninety-six participants (184 females) were enrolled in an experiment in which the victim's gender and the offender's attractiveness were manipulated using vignettes depicting cross-gender sexual assault. Participants rated emotions that the victims experienced in being assaulted and attributed victim blame. The results indicate that the male victim was blamed more than the female victim, especially when the female perpetrator was described as attractive. The female victim was perceived as having experienced more negative emotions and fewer positive emotions than the male victim. The effect of the victim's gender on victim blaming was mediated by both positive and negative emotions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":"38 3","pages":"396-413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9684271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Violence Within Food Deserts: A Block-Group Examination of Food Access, Racial Composition, and Violent Crime. 食物荒漠中的暴力：对食物获取、种族构成和暴力犯罪的分组研究》（A Block-Group Examination of Food Access, Racial Composition, and Violent Crime.
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2022-0007
Hunter M Boehme, Robert J Kaminski, Timothy Mulrooney, Robert A Brown, Rakesh Malhotra
{"title":"Violence Within Food Deserts: A Block-Group Examination of Food Access, Racial Composition, and Violent Crime.","authors":"Hunter M Boehme, Robert J Kaminski, Timothy Mulrooney, Robert A Brown, Rakesh Malhotra","doi":"10.1891/VV-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"10.1891/VV-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While there is substantial public health literature that documents the negative impacts of living in \"food deserts\" (e.g., obesity and diabetes), little is known regarding whether living in a food desert is associated with increased criminal victimization. With the block group as the unit of analysis, the present study examines whether there is a relationship between food deserts and elevated crime counts, and whether this relationship varies by racial composition. Results from multiple count models suggest that living in a food desert is not associated with higher levels of violent or property crime. But multiplicative models interacting percent Black with food deserts revealed statistically significant associations with violent crime but not property crime. Alternatively, multiplicative models interacting percent White with food deserts revealed statistically significant associational reductions in violent crimes. Several policy and research implications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":"38 3","pages":"435-456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9676539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Resources and Support for Sexual Assault Survivors Receiving Services From the U.S. Air Force: What Survivors Say They Need for Recovery. 为接受美国空军服务的性侵犯幸存者提供资源和支持：幸存者说他们需要什么才能康复。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2021-0132
Chelsea M Spencer, Erika L King, Rachel E Foster, Amber Vennum, Sandra M Stith
{"title":"Resources and Support for Sexual Assault Survivors Receiving Services From the U.S. Air Force: What Survivors Say They Need for Recovery.","authors":"Chelsea M Spencer, Erika L King, Rachel E Foster, Amber Vennum, Sandra M Stith","doi":"10.1891/VV-2021-0132","DOIUrl":"10.1891/VV-2021-0132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexual assault (SA) is a serious challenge faced by the U.S. military. Participants in this study included men and women who volunteered in response to a call for survivors of SA. Participants included active duty and reserve U.S. Air Force (USAF) members, spouses of service members, or civilian employees for the USAF (beneficiaries). The primary research question was, \"if you could design the perfect response system to support survivors, what would be included in this system?\" The research team conducted in-depth interviews with nine survivors. Next, 82 survivors completed a survey agreeing or disagreeing with strategies identified by interview participants to improve services for survivors and offered additional suggestions. Analysis revealed survivor recommendations to improve SA services.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":"38 3","pages":"414-434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9684275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sexual Harassment: Knowledge, Prevalence, Pattern, and Impacts Among Egyptian Female College Students. 性骚扰：埃及女大学生对性骚扰的认识、发生率、模式和影响。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2021-0061
Sara F Ibrahim, Enas M A Mostafa, Sanaa M Aly, Abeer M Hagras
{"title":"Sexual Harassment: Knowledge, Prevalence, Pattern, and Impacts Among Egyptian Female College Students.","authors":"Sara F Ibrahim, Enas M A Mostafa, Sanaa M Aly, Abeer M Hagras","doi":"10.1891/VV-2021-0061","DOIUrl":"10.1891/VV-2021-0061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexual harassment (SH) is an uprising problem worldwide, especially in Egypt. This study aims to determine the magnitude, patterns, and circumstances of SH among female students at Suez Canal University. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative female student sample (<i>N = 644</i>) from all the faculties using a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. The high prevalence of SH among college students in this study could be a consequence of the absence of knowledge about the legal framework. It mostly happened at all times of the day and night in the streets, and the least amount happened on the campus. Most of the harassers were younger than 20 years old and strangers. The majority of harassed females and surrounding people displayed negative reactions. None of the harassed females notified the authorities. The majority blamed men, and half claimed the SH act was due to the absence of religious principles. Moreover, the ignorance of the majority is with Egyptian law against SH. Both psychological and social impacts are significantly experienced by the harassed females. Thus, it is urgent to establish an institutional program (e.g., psycho-educative sessions during classes and peer training) or national awareness campaigns. Such programs and trainings aim to increase the awareness of students about the SH legal framework and how to deal with such acts, either as a victim or a witness, and how to provide the needed psychological assistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":"38 3","pages":"345-357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9676541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polyvictimization and Academic Performance: Findings From a National-Level Study of College Students. 多重受害与学习成绩：来自全国大学生的研究结果。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2021-0053
Katelyn P Hancock, Leah E Daigle
{"title":"Polyvictimization and Academic Performance: Findings From a National-Level Study of College Students.","authors":"Katelyn P Hancock, Leah E Daigle","doi":"10.1891/VV-2021-0053","DOIUrl":"10.1891/VV-2021-0053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on polyvictimization (i.e., experiencing multiple types of victimization) suggests that its effects are diverse and may be more severe than the effects of single-type victimization. Few studies have focused on polyvictimization among college students and how its experience may shape academic life. Thus, this study examines how polyvictimization (i.e., sexual, violent, and stalking-in the last 12 months) among college students relates to academic performance. Participants (<i>N</i> = 67,972) were drawn from the Spring 2019 administration of the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment II. Findings show that polyvictims' grade point averages are lower than nonpolyvictims and polyvictims have higher odds of having their academic performance suffer connected to a variety of factors (mental health, physical health, and substance use). Students who experienced three types of victimization (compared to fewer) had the highest odds of having their academic performance harmed. These findings suggest extra attention be paid to polyvictimization as it relates to factors that shape academic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":"38 3","pages":"307-327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9684269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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