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Direct and Witnessed Bias-Based Harassment Exposures Among Adolescents: Associations With Functioning and the Influence of Protective Factors.
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2023-0027
Melissa K Holt, Gabriel J Merrin, Olivia Wyatt, Jennifer Greif Green, Gianluca Gini, Phil Fogelman
{"title":"Direct and Witnessed Bias-Based Harassment Exposures Among Adolescents: Associations With Functioning and the Influence of Protective Factors.","authors":"Melissa K Holt, Gabriel J Merrin, Olivia Wyatt, Jennifer Greif Green, Gianluca Gini, Phil Fogelman","doi":"10.1891/VV-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/VV-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Youth who experience bias-based harassment report more adverse functioning than those who report peer victimization not targeted at identity. Yet, there has been little research aimed at understanding how different forms of bias-based harassment influence well-being. The current study adds to the existing research through its comprehensive assessment of adolescents' direct and witnessed bias-based harassment exposures and examination of how exposures are associated with mental health and grades. We also evaluated three protective factors (adult support at school, peer support, and school belonging) for their associations with functioning after taking into account bias-based harassment exposures. Participants were 7,402 high school adolescents in the Northeast (<i>M</i> <sub>age</sub> = 15.41 years, <i>SD</i> = 1.08). Results revealed differential associations with mental health and grades based on bias-based harassment types and highlighted the importance of support and belonging.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Animals as Covictims and More-Than-Property: The Inclusion of Companion Animals in Protection Order Statutes at the State Level in the United States. 作为受害者和财产的动物：将伴侣动物纳入美国州一级的保护令法规。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2024-0004
Amy Fitzgerald
{"title":"Animals as Covictims and More-Than-Property: The Inclusion of Companion Animals in Protection Order Statutes at the State Level in the United States.","authors":"Amy Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1891/VV-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"10.1891/VV-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article analyzes statutes in 37 U.S. states and Washington, DC amended to include companion animals in definitions of domestic violence and to enable their inclusion in protection orders (POs). The findings indicate that while the inclusion of animal abuse in definitions of domestic violence tends to frame their maltreatment in anthropocentric terms-as a vehicle for harming people-the language and consequences of their inclusion in some PO statutes position them as more-than-property, that is, more as subjects than objects. The analysis documents a temporal trend toward offering greater protections over time, greater bipartisan support for the amendments, and a shift from animals-as-property toward sociolegal recognition of their social membership and the ways their well-being is interconnected with that of the people who care for them.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":"110-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evidence of Internal Structure Validity, Measurement Invariance, Convergent Validity, Clinical Validity, and Reliability of the Woman Abuse Screening Tool in Peruvian Women. 秘鲁妇女滥用妇女筛查工具内部结构有效性、测量不变性、收敛有效性、临床有效性和可靠性的证据。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2024-0079
Jesús Joel Aiquipa-Tello, Carlos Ramón Ponce-Díaz
{"title":"Evidence of Internal Structure Validity, Measurement Invariance, Convergent Validity, Clinical Validity, and Reliability of the Woman Abuse Screening Tool in Peruvian Women.","authors":"Jesús Joel Aiquipa-Tello, Carlos Ramón Ponce-Díaz","doi":"10.1891/VV-2024-0079","DOIUrl":"10.1891/VV-2024-0079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common type of violence committed against women and results in serious personal, familial, social, and economic consequences; thus, there is a need to detect IPV early. One test for detecting IPV is the Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST). The objective of the study was to obtain evidence of the validity of the WAST in terms of its internal structure, measurement invariance, convergent validity, clinical validity, and reliability. A total of 670 women who have or have had a heterosexual relationship participated in the study. The first stage included 513 adult women who partook of health services (<i>M</i> <sub>age</sub> = 35.5 years, <i>SD</i> <sub>age</sub> = 10 years). The second stage included 160 women, 80 diagnosed with IPV (<i>M</i> <sub>age</sub> = 34.2 years, <i>SD</i> <sub>age</sub> = 11.8 years) and 80 who were not (<i>M</i> <sub>age</sub> = 31.8 years, <i>SD</i> <sub>age</sub> = 11.5 years). We used multivariate and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. We found evidence that the WAST demonstrates a one-dimensional structure; evidence of measurement invariance regarding cohabitation with the partner, length of the relationship, and age; evidence of convergent validity in terms of correlations with emotional dependence, self-compassion, expressive suppression, anxiety, and depression; and evidence of clinical validity in terms of the high probability of detecting positive cases of IPV. These properties support the use of the WAST for detecting possible cases of IPV, which will allow timely intervention. This instrument can also be used in larger studies on IPV in the Spanish-speaking population.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":"3-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Professionals' Readiness to Manage Violence Against Women. 专业人员管理针对妇女的暴力行为的准备情况。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2021-0191
Raquel Cardoso, José Henrique Pinheiro Ornelas, Marta Silva
{"title":"Professionals' Readiness to Manage Violence Against Women.","authors":"Raquel Cardoso, José Henrique Pinheiro Ornelas, Marta Silva","doi":"10.1891/VV-2021-0191","DOIUrl":"10.1891/VV-2021-0191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over recent years, community-based responses to domestic violence against women have become an important topic, and there is growing recognition that domestic violence requires a comprehensive response from agencies across a variety of community sectors. When reaching out for help, female survivors of domestic violence need to have access to a broad range of services, empowering professionals to manage violence against women, and coordinated community responses that promote safety, autonomy, and integration. Since the early 1990s, Portugal has been gradually moving toward a community-based approach to domestic violence against women where local organizations and professionals are major stakeholders of this policy. Besides having had an increased network of services implemented, it is important to examine how prepared service providers are to respond effectively. The current study analyzed how ready professionals in Portugal are to deliver interventions targeting violence against women. A total of 585 professionals from different backgrounds completed a readiness survey. The results revealed that, despite their perceived readiness, professionals are not duly prepared to respond effectively to violence against women. They lack the appropriate knowledge and training to respond effectively to survivors. Hence, further efforts must be made to change professional practices and services to ensure that abuse is recognized, barriers are overcome, and interventions are more effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":"52-70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Children Stop Adult Perpetrators From Unwanted Touching Within an Institutional Setting: Termination Patterns During Sexual Contact Stage. 在机构环境中，儿童如何阻止施暴成人的不当触摸：性接触阶段的终止模式。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2023-0065
Leah Shon
{"title":"How Children Stop Adult Perpetrators From Unwanted Touching Within an Institutional Setting: Termination Patterns During Sexual Contact Stage.","authors":"Leah Shon","doi":"10.1891/VV-2023-0065","DOIUrl":"10.1891/VV-2023-0065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This qualitative study analyzes victims' narratives of male-on-male child molestation within the Boy Scouts of America. The focus of previous literature on sex crime victims mostly centered on how to avoid sex offenders based on the offenders' behaviors and effective victims' treatment plans to alleviate their posttrauma as a result of sexual abuse. Yet studies have not provided detailed descriptions of when and how to resist sexual advances to children when such incidents are in progress within youth-oriented institutions. Few have examined victim narratives to discover the dynamics of child molestation, such as physical and verbal interactions between the two parties while sexual touching is occurring. The author used victims' narratives to identify how boy victims responded to unwanted sexual advances by scout leaders within the Boy Scouts of America. Based on qualitative-oriented analysis, this study presents verbal and physical resisting patterns of male victims and the effectiveness of such actions in terminating sexual advances. The findings suggest practical and potential intervention strategies so children know how to stop adult perpetrators from developing unwanted touching within youth-centric institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":"86-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence in Young to Middle Adulthood: Associations With Respondent Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Partner Gender. 中青年时期亲密伴侣暴力的普遍性：与受访者性别、性取向和伴侣性别的关系。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2023-0100
Carolyn Tucker Halpern, Mallory Turner, Meghan E Shanahan, Laurel Sharpless, Adia R Louden, Pooja Deshpande, Sandra L Martin
{"title":"Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence in Young to Middle Adulthood: Associations With Respondent Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Partner Gender.","authors":"Carolyn Tucker Halpern, Mallory Turner, Meghan E Shanahan, Laurel Sharpless, Adia R Louden, Pooja Deshpande, Sandra L Martin","doi":"10.1891/VV-2023-0100","DOIUrl":"10.1891/VV-2023-0100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We estimate past-year physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) prevalence from early to middle adulthood, examining associations with respondent gender, sexual orientation, and partner gender. We used three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. For each wave, we estimated IPV prevalence, stratified by gender, sexual orientation, and partner gender. Findings indicate that diverse-sexual males and females are more likely to experience IPV compared to heterosexuals. Further, diverse-sexual males are less likely to experience physical and sexual IPV if they have a same-gender partner. In contrast, heterosexual males are more likely to experience physical and sexual IPV if they have same-gender partners. All females were more likely to experience physical and sexual violence if they have different-gender partners.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":"39-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adults' Recollections of Support and Closeness During Adolescence Amid Interparental Conflict. 在父母间的冲突中，成年人对青春期支持和亲密关系的回忆。
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2024-0005
Galit Groper, David Mehlhausen-Hassoen, Zeev Winstok
{"title":"Adults' Recollections of Support and Closeness During Adolescence Amid Interparental Conflict.","authors":"Galit Groper, David Mehlhausen-Hassoen, Zeev Winstok","doi":"10.1891/VV-2024-0005","DOIUrl":"10.1891/VV-2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined adults' memories of childhood exposure to interparental conflict, including support for and closeness to each parent. Closeness and support were explored based on three dimensions: dyadic concordance types of intimate partner violence (father to mother, mother to father, or both), form of violence (verbal or physical), and sex. This study featured 548 Israeli adults who completed a retrospective questionnaire on their parents' interparental violence, their level of support for each parent during conflict, and their closeness to each parent. The results revealed a notable pattern: adolescents exhibited greater support and closeness toward nonviolent parents compared to violent parents, irrespective of the form of violence. Sex differences emerged across types and severity of violence. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":"71-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mental Health Symptoms and Substance Use After Recent Sexual Assault Based on Sexual Orientation.
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2024-0011
Selime R Salim, Emily L Tilstra-Ferrell, Katherine Mai, Alyssa Rheingold, Amanda K Gilmore, Christine K Hahn
{"title":"Mental Health Symptoms and Substance Use After Recent Sexual Assault Based on Sexual Orientation.","authors":"Selime R Salim, Emily L Tilstra-Ferrell, Katherine Mai, Alyssa Rheingold, Amanda K Gilmore, Christine K Hahn","doi":"10.1891/VV-2024-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/VV-2024-0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study examined differences in acute stress and depression symptoms, alcohol use, and drug use between sexual minority and heterosexual survivors in the weeks following a sexual assault. The sample included 26 sexual minority and 66 heterosexual survivors (<i>N</i> = 92, 94.4% cisgender women, 51.1% White, and 31.5% Black) who completed screening during a follow-up mental health service after receiving a sexual assault medical forensic examination. Group differences on brief mental health and substance use screening measures were examined using χ<sup>2</sup> tests and <i>t</i> tests. Sexual minority survivors reported higher acute stress symptoms and were more likely to report drug use in the past 2 weeks, but no differences in depression symptoms and alcohol use were found. Results highlight the need for increased research on sexual minority survivors' unique experiences and needs following recent sexual assault.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modes of Dating Violence in Young Adults Within Pakistani Culture: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2024-0132
Sadaf Rehman, Sadia Saleem, Sayyeda Taskeen Zahra, Ayesha Jabeen
{"title":"Modes of Dating Violence in Young Adults Within Pakistani Culture: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.","authors":"Sadaf Rehman, Sadia Saleem, Sayyeda Taskeen Zahra, Ayesha Jabeen","doi":"10.1891/VV-2024-0132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/VV-2024-0132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the Pakistani cultural context, dating violence is a pervasive issue that poses significant risks to mental health. This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences and expressions of young adults who have faced dating violence, with a focus on informing counseling and early intervention. Through interpretative phenomenological analysis of semistructured interviews with 10 young adults (5 men and 5 women) aged 18-25 years, we identified superordinate themes of psychological, emotional, and physical modes of dating violence. Subordinate themes revealed a range of controlling and manipulating, stalking and surveillance, intimidating, isolation, communication gap, exploiting emotional dependency, ridiculing, lowering self-esteem and identity erosion, emotional distancing and neglect, humiliation and degradation, devaluation and defame, physical assault and injury, property damage, coercing or attempting sexual contact, and restraining and confinement. Our findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive intervention of dating violence in Pakistan including the integration of psychological support and emotional counseling, where societal pressure, family expectations, and gender roles exacerbate the abuse. This study contributes significantly to the understanding of dating violence in Pakistan and underscores the importance of tailored interventions to mitigate its devastating effects on mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Victimization of Sexual and Gender Minorities: A Narrative Review of Prevalence Rates, Adverse Outcomes, Protective Factors, and Suggestions for Future Research.
IF 1.1 4区 医学
Violence and Victims Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1891/VV-2024-0081
Cassandra Flick
{"title":"Victimization of Sexual and Gender Minorities: A Narrative Review of Prevalence Rates, Adverse Outcomes, Protective Factors, and Suggestions for Future Research.","authors":"Cassandra Flick","doi":"10.1891/VV-2024-0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/VV-2024-0081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Victimization is a common but unfortunate reality, with sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals at an increased risk of various forms of victimization compared with the heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. This disproportionate victimization of SGMs increases the likelihood that these individuals will experience adverse mental, physical, and educational outcomes. Some scholars have explored potential protective factors, specific to SGMs, that may be associated with a decreased risk of victimization and/or subsequent adverse outcomes. The present article provides readers with a narrative review of the relevant literature on these topics by examining prevalence rates of SGM victimization, common adverse consequences experienced by SGMs, and empirically examined protective factors for SGMs that show some evidence of effectiveness. The article ends with a discussion of suggestions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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