{"title":"Mass Shootings in Public Places: Continuities and Complexities.","authors":"Kathryn Farr","doi":"10.1891/VV-2024-0170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/VV-2024-0170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined 71 mass shootings carried out by a single individual who opened fire on random victims in a public setting. Findings indicate that the (all-male) shooters commonly showed signs of anger, isolation, and marginalization. Many were motivated by a perceived grievance. However, among the sizeable group of young white men, extremist, hate-based ideologies often served as motivations. While very few of the shooters had been formally diagnosed, a number had shown signs of mental illness or suicidal tendencies, and close to 30% committed suicide following their attacks. The shooters typically carried out their attacks with semi-automatic guns and high-capacity magazines. Suggested preventative actions included attention to warning signs and gun control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jake Najman, Alexandra M Clavarino, Leisa King, James G Scott, Gail M Williams
{"title":"Gender-Specific Effects of Different Forms of Intimate Partner Violence on Mental Health and Substance Abuse.","authors":"Jake Najman, Alexandra M Clavarino, Leisa King, James G Scott, Gail M Williams","doi":"10.1891/VV-2024-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/VV-2024-0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is an ongoing debate about gender differences in the direction, magnitude, forms, and consequences of intimate partner violence. The findings of studies reporting gender symmetry in intimate partner violence (IPV) are challenged on the basis that they do not consider such forms of IPV as coercive control and physical violence. The present study is from a large-scale ongoing birth cohort study. At 21 years of age, respondents completed a questionnaire assessing their social and economic circumstances, experiences of IPV, and their mental health. At 30 years of age, respondents completed the Composite Abuse Scale. Three scales of IPV were used. The scales were of physical violence, emotional abuse, and coercive control. These scales were used in conjunction with questions about fear of a partner to predict respondent levels of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)-diagnosed depression and drug use disorders. The CIDI was administered at 30 years of age. Analyses are stratified by gender and with adjustment for all other forms of IPV. While there were few gender differences in forms of IPV, female respondents consistently and more often feared their partners if they had experienced any form of IPV. Experience of any form of IPV was associated with increased rates of mental illness for both males and females. Female respondents' experiences of IPV were generally associated with increased levels of <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition</i> (<i>DSM-IV</i>) depression, while male experiences of IPV were associated with increased levels of <i>DSM-IV</i> drug use disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Restorative Domicide: Meaning-Making in Homicide Covictims' Campaigns for Residential Demolition.","authors":"Timothy G Wykes","doi":"10.1891/VV-2024-0071","DOIUrl":"10.1891/VV-2024-0071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines covictims' campaigns for the demolition of residences tainted by homicide. It takes guidance from scholarship on <i>domicide</i>, the deliberate destruction of home, and theoretical contributions exploring meaning-making in homicide bereavement. It conceptualizes <i>restorative domicide</i> as the deliberate destruction of a residence associated with homicide. Drawing upon open-source data to compose a qualitative case study based in Ontario, Canada, this article locates restorative domicide as a meaning-making strategy across three themes: (a) <i>transforming traumatic landscapes</i>, (b) <i>deriving purpose in demolition</i>, and (c) <i>affirming and preserving the victim's moral worth</i> The findings corroborate and extend existing research by demonstrating the diverse set of meanings covictims ascribe to and pursue through residential demolition, highlighting its potential to facilitate healing, enable goal-oriented action, and recognize the collective dimension of the loss. The findings are used to platform a discussion of theoretical, methodological, and policy directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":"584-608"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Victimization by Nonconsensual Distribution of Intimate Images Is Related to Lower Holistic Well-Being in a Diverse Sample of U.S. Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Randi Spiker, Asia A Eaton, Jessica F Saunders","doi":"10.1891/VV-2023-0146","DOIUrl":"10.1891/VV-2023-0146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic pushed many aspects of American life online, including sexual intimacy. Increases in sexting and other forms of virtual intimacy may also have increased the nonconsensual distribution of intimate images (NDII), a form of image-based sexual abuse (IBSA). This study is among the first to quantitatively examine the holistic downstream consequences of NDII victimization among U.S. adults (<i>N</i> = 3,150) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that (a) emerging adults would be more likely to experience NDII during the pandemic than other age groups, (b) that victims would experience more negative downstream consequences than nonvictims across nine health and well-being outcomes, and (c) that victims of marginalized identity groups would experience more severe negative outcomes than their nonvictim peers, as compared to those in more privileged identity groups. Multivariate analyses of variance were used to examine the effects of victimization, gender, race, and sexual orientation on all outcomes. Results supported hypothesis 2 but did not fully support hypotheses 1 and 3. During the pandemic, victims experienced worse well-being on all nine outcomes than nonvictims, and, unexpectedly, some of these outcomes (e.g., alcohol consumption) were further exacerbated in men (vs. women) victims.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":"630-660"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebecca E Sistad Hall, Raluca M Simons, Jeffrey S Simons
{"title":"Indirect Effects of Childhood Maltreatment on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms via Emotion Regulation Difficulties.","authors":"Rebecca E Sistad Hall, Raluca M Simons, Jeffrey S Simons","doi":"10.1891/VV-2023-0103","DOIUrl":"10.1891/VV-2023-0103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study tested structural equation models of associations between childhood maltreatment (CM), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and emotion regulation (ER) difficulties in a sample of young adult college students (<i>N</i> = 606). The primary final model demonstrated that lack of emotional clarity and limited access to ER strategies partially mediated the association between CM and PTSD symptoms. Exploratory analyses showed that CM was also indirectly associated with PTSD symptoms via lack of emotional awareness, nonacceptance, and difficulty controlling impulses. A near-equivalent model revealed reverse associations: PTSD symptoms mediated the association between CM and ER difficulties. The current study provided some empirical evidence to the theoretical sequence of ER and replicated indirect effects of CM on PTSD symptoms via ER difficulties.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":"539-555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Krista R Mehari, Kaitlyn R Schuler, Andrew Haiflich, Hyun Kim, Savannah T Morgan, Laura Taylor Stevens, Curtis L Graves, Phillip N Smith, Jon D Simmons
{"title":"Evaluation of Hospital Implementation of a Mandate to Report Gunshot Wounds to Law Enforcement.","authors":"Krista R Mehari, Kaitlyn R Schuler, Andrew Haiflich, Hyun Kim, Savannah T Morgan, Laura Taylor Stevens, Curtis L Graves, Phillip N Smith, Jon D Simmons","doi":"10.1891/VV-2024-0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/VV-2024-0059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the implementation of a state law in the southern United States that required hospitals to report gunshot wounds (GSWs) to law enforcement by exploring changes in the proportion of reported GSW cases in a level 1 trauma center. In the first year of implementation, 95.7% of the GSW admissions who arrived via a private vehicle or walked in were reported to law enforcement; this decreased to 71.9% in the second year. Patient demographics did not predict whether GSWs would be reported, but GSWs in transfer patients were less likely to be reported. This case study shows evidence that mandatory reporting may be feasible but hospitals may need additional support and communication infrastructure to implement and maintain adherence to laws mandating reporting of GSWs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":"40 4","pages":"571-583"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher N Magno, Aleksandra J Snowden, Phelecia Udoko
{"title":"Before the Pandemic: Social Services and the Role of Socioeconomic Indicators in Erie's Domestic Violence.","authors":"Christopher N Magno, Aleksandra J Snowden, Phelecia Udoko","doi":"10.1891/VV-2023-0155","DOIUrl":"10.1891/VV-2023-0155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the relationship between social services availability and domestic violence in Erie, Pennsylvania, before the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing police-reported data and multivariate spatially lagged regression, we analyzed how social service density and socioeconomic factors impact neighborhood violence rates. Findings indicate an inverse relationship between social service availability and domestic violence incidents. Fewer social services in a neighborhood correlate with higher rates of domestic violence, suggesting that such services play a critical role in mitigating violence. The study's results are particularly relevant given the exacerbation of domestic violence under pandemic-induced confinement and service limitations, highlighting the need for accessible social support in vulnerable communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":"609-629"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meredith R Boyd, Emily J Blevins, Megha Fatabhoy, Julia L Paulson, Lisa M Valentine, Minden B Sexton
{"title":"Gender Differences in the Socioecological Contexts of Veterans Seeking Mental Health Services Following Military Sexual Trauma.","authors":"Meredith R Boyd, Emily J Blevins, Megha Fatabhoy, Julia L Paulson, Lisa M Valentine, Minden B Sexton","doi":"10.1891/VV-2023-0138","DOIUrl":"10.1891/VV-2023-0138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Military sexual trauma (MST) refers to sexual assault or harassment experienced during military service. Given the high prevalence of MST and negative mental and physical health outcomes that result from MST, Veterans Health Administration has identified a national priority for screening and treatment. An understanding of socioecological contexts of Veterans who seek mental health treatment to address difficulties following MST will support a holistic approach to care. Accordingly, this study contrasted socioecological contexts of Veteran men and women (<i>N</i> = 579) seeking mental health treatment related to MST exposure. Veteran men and women were compared in acknowledgment of systemic gender differences in access to resources. Results revealed Veteran women more frequently endorsed sufficient financial resources, presence of support systems, and desire for additional peer relationships compared with Veteran men. Greater clarity about socioecological contexts of Veterans increases clinicians' abilities to problem-solve for barriers to treatment and reduces gender-related disparities in our understanding of Veterans' needs following MST.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":"522-538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating the Degree to Which Unstructured Socializing With Peers and Delinquency Are Nonlinear.","authors":"Robert J L Archer","doi":"10.1891/VV-2023-0117","DOIUrl":"10.1891/VV-2023-0117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the formulation of Cohen and Felson's (1979) routine activity theory (RAT), Osgood et al. (1996) established a reformulated theory to better explain patterns of situational offense and coined the RAT of general deviance or more commonly known as unstructured socializing with peers (USWP). The present study seeks to explore whether spending more time in USWP may increase antisocial behavior in a nonlinear manner, either accelerating or decelerating. Results showed that the relationship between USWP and property delinquency was found to be nonlinear in a decelerating manner. Similar results were found for the association between USWP and substance use. Finally, the relationship between USWP and violent delinquency was significant, although no evidence was found for nonlinearity. The present study concludes with theoretical implications, limitations, and directions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":"556-570"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intimate Partner Violence and Additional Victim-Offender Relationships: An Examination of Gender and Other Differences in Victim Fear Using National Crime Victimization Survey Data.","authors":"Shelly A McGrath, Jessica Abbott","doi":"10.1891/VV-2024-0111","DOIUrl":"10.1891/VV-2024-0111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research addressing the link between victimization experiences and fear of crime finds that intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization is also of consequence, with victims of IPV being more fearful than non-IPV victims. Though research on the IPV-fear link is plentiful, there is an absence of focusing exclusively on crime victims. The focus of this research is on the potential differential effects of IPV and other types of victimization on victims' fear and if it delineates to gender differences in victimization type and victim fear. This study uses the National Crime Victimization Survey data to examine whether IPV victims display higher levels of fear compared to victims of other relationship types and whether these relationships hold for males and females. Results indicate that IPV victimization does have a positive relationship with fear and that the effect is evident among females but not males.</p>","PeriodicalId":48139,"journal":{"name":"Violence and Victims","volume":" ","pages":"503-521"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}