Science Technology & Human Values最新文献_第7页

Maternal–Fetal Microchimerism and Genetic Origins: Some Socio-legal Implications 母胎微嵌合和遗传起源:一些社会法律意义

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/01622439221090686

M. Shildrick

{"title":"Maternal–Fetal Microchimerism and Genetic Origins: Some Socio-legal Implications","authors":"M. Shildrick","doi":"10.1177/01622439221090686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439221090686","url":null,"abstract":"What are the implications of microchimerism in sociocultural and ethico-legal contexts, particularly as they relate to the destabilization of genetic origins? Conventional biomedicine and related law have been reluctant to acknowledge microchimerism—the existence of unassimilated traces of genetic material that result in some cells in the body coding differently from the dominant DNA—despite it becoming increasingly evident that microchimerism is ubiquitous in the human population. One exception is maternal–fetal microchimerism which has long been recognized, albeit with little consideration of the nonmedical implications. Most immediate issues concern the ongoing biomedical debate around whether microchimerism is beneficial in terms of enhancing the body’s range of immunological responses, harmful in provoking autoimmune diseases, or simply neutral with respect to subsequent health. That controversy remains unresolved, but whichever way it develops, I want to extend consideration by insisting that changing biological concerns cannot be separated from sociocultural and ethico-legal effects. Once the diversity of DNA coding in a singular body has been established, relations of kinship, the identification of legal parenthood, and the operation of surrogacy laws are of direct interest. The overriding problematic asks whether our ethical and legal apparatus is able to address such newly emerging questions.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89600355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Reproductive Bodies of Postgenomics 后基因组学的生殖体

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.1177/01622439221088646

Sonja van Wichelen, Jaya Keaney

引用次数: 1

Transfer or Translation? Rethinking Traveling Technologies from the Global South 调拨还是翻译?重新思考来自全球南方的旅游技术

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211072205

Miao Lu, J. Qiu

引用次数: 3

Legal Pluralism and Science and Technology Studies: Exploring Sources of the Legal Pluriverse 法律多元主义与科学技术研究:探索法律多元的来源

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2022-01-10 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211069659

Bertram Turner, M. Wiber

{"title":"Legal Pluralism and Science and Technology Studies: Exploring Sources of the Legal Pluriverse","authors":"Bertram Turner, M. Wiber","doi":"10.1177/01622439211069659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439211069659","url":null,"abstract":"In introducing the contributions to this special section, we explore the links between social and juridical concepts of normativity and science and technology. We follow the Legal Pluralism challenge to the notion of state law as the sole source of normative order and point to how technological transformation creates a pluralistic legal universe that takes on new shapes under conditions of globalization. We promote a science and technology studies (STS)-inspired reworking of Legal Pluralism and suggest expanding the portfolio of legally effective regimes of ordering to include the normativity generated by materiality and technology. This normativity is amply demonstrated in the case studies included in the papers which make up this special section. We conclude that the inclusion of approaches developed in STS research helps analytically to overcome what we view as an incomplete law project, one unable to deal with the technicized lifeworlds of a global modernity. The contributions to this special section illustrate that technomaterial change cannot be understood without recognition of the role of normative impacts, and conversely, the legal pluriverse cannot be understood without recognition of the normative role of techno-material arrangements.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89556019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Identity in Postgenomic Times: Epigenetic Knowledge and the Pursuit of Biological Origins 后基因组时代的身份:表观遗传学知识和生物学起源的追求

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2022-01-05 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211069131

Sonja van Wichelen

{"title":"Identity in Postgenomic Times: Epigenetic Knowledge and the Pursuit of Biological Origins","authors":"Sonja van Wichelen","doi":"10.1177/01622439211069131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439211069131","url":null,"abstract":"As genetic knowledge continues to strengthen notions of identity in Euro-American societies and beyond, epigenetic knowledge is intervening in these legitimation frameworks. I explore these interventions in the realm of assisted reproduction—including adoption, donor conception, and gestational surrogacy. The right to identity is protected legally in many states and receives due attention in public and private international law. Originating from the context of adoption, donor-conceived and surrogacy-born persons have recently demanded the same protections and focused on the right to genetic knowledge. This article explores possible implications of epigenetic knowledge on identity. I start by articulating the deep influence of genetics on the notion of identity, and how this unfolds in legal contexts. Next, I examine how epigenetic findings that stress the importance of seeing biological life as situated and embedded in environments can challenge how adoption, donor conception, and gestational surrogacy are experienced and understood. While I argue that epigenetic knowledge can reify identity with the same determinism underpinning genetics, it can also allow for more biosocial understandings of identity that consider history and experience as entangled with biology.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78636847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

“Samples Are Precious”: Value Formations in the Potentiality and Practices of Biobanking in Singapore “样本是宝贵的”:新加坡生物银行潜力和实践中的价值形成

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211069129

Erik Aarden

{"title":"“Samples Are Precious”: Value Formations in the Potentiality and Practices of Biobanking in Singapore","authors":"Erik Aarden","doi":"10.1177/01622439211069129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439211069129","url":null,"abstract":"Biobanking in Singapore is characterized by contested relations between funding ambitions and research practices, and different notions of what the (potential) value of storing samples and data for medical research is. Different biobanking efforts anticipate the production of public goods from stored materials in specifically situated ways. These efforts to produce public goods in the form of scientific and economic value can be fruitfully understood in terms of extraction, a complex sociotechnical process of retrieving (potential) value from raw materials, which both informs and is informed by specific social values. In exploring the extraction of potential value in relation to practice values, I propose the notion of value formations to account for the coproduction of and intersections between different forms of value(s) in scientific practices situated in particular social contexts. I trace value formations across the life span of biobanking collections, which range from recruitment, collection, and processing of samples to their storage, retrieval, and use. Observations along this life span show the social and temporal complexity of value-making in biobanking in Singapore, pointing to the contextual specificity of how biobanking is understood as a public good.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77378551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diversifying the Deliberative Turn: Toward an Agonistic RRI 多元化的审议转向:走向一种竞争的RRI

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211067268

Deborah Scott

引用次数: 6

Artificial Intelligence from Colonial India: Race, Statistics, and Facial Recognition in the Global South 来自殖民印度的人工智能:全球南方的种族、统计和面部识别

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211060839

S. Taylor, K. Gulson, Duncan McDuie‐Ra

引用次数: 2

The Politics of Postgenomic Reproduction: Exploring Pregnant Narratives from within a Clinical Trial 后基因组生殖的政治:从临床试验中探索怀孕的叙述

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211066759

Natali Valdez

{"title":"The Politics of Postgenomic Reproduction: Exploring Pregnant Narratives from within a Clinical Trial","authors":"Natali Valdez","doi":"10.1177/01622439211066759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439211066759","url":null,"abstract":"There are more large-scale pregnancy trials that implement lifestyle interventions than ever before; yet, there is a dearth of information on pregnant peoples’ experiences in such trials. Contemporary lifestyle pregnancy trials draw on epigenetics and DOHaD research to design and justify prenatal interventions on the material environment to reduce health risks in future generations. This article draws on ethnographic data from a prenatal trial in the United Kingdom and focuses specifically on the experiences of pregnant participants during the intervention phase. In this article, I develop the politics of postgenomic reproduction as a feminist and critical race framework to examine the complex and mercurial stakes of contemporary pregnancy trials. I argue that narratives of control and responsibility in epigenetic models are echoed and preceded by participants’ own embodied experience. The pregnant narratives show at once how their bodies are exposed to unpredictable and uncontrollable environmental exposures and that they are required to respond as if they have absolute control and responsibility. Attending to trial participants’ narratives from a feminist and critical race framework reveals how individualized lifestyle interventions are deeply political and racial, and carry implications for how pregnancy trials influence postgenomic reproduction.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85309879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Between the Lab and the Field: Plants and the Affective Atmospheres of Southern Science 在实验室和田野之间:植物和南方科学的情感氛围

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211055118

S. Calkins

{"title":"Between the Lab and the Field: Plants and the Affective Atmospheres of Southern Science","authors":"S. Calkins","doi":"10.1177/01622439211055118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439211055118","url":null,"abstract":"In view of persistent global inequalities in scientific knowledge production with clear centers and peripheries, this paper examines a lingering concern for many scientists in the Global South: why is it, at times, so hard to have scientific insights from the South recognized? This paper addresses this big question from within a long-term field immersion in a Ugandan–Australian scientific collaboration in molecular biology. I show how disciplinary hierarchies of value affect the distribution of labor between Uganda and Australia and thematize the role of place and its affective atmospheres that texture the quotidian scientific work in this project. Unsurprisingly, they tend to devalue Ugandan sites and contributions, and turn Uganda into a rather unlikely site for new insights to emerge. However, in spite of doing devalued and outsourced “menial” labor such as fieldwork, Ugandan biologists’ fieldwork involves affective encounters with their experimental banana plants that thereby become differently thinkable. The paper argues that attending to affective atmospheres that infuse research sites offers clues about scientists’ position in global hierarchies and at the same time can help make room for insights that emanate from unexpected places.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77342400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0