Child Maltreatment最新文献

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Strengths Associated With Positive Youth Development After Child Maltreatment: Application of the Resilience Portfolio Model. 儿童虐待后积极青少年发展的优势:弹性组合模型的应用。
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-06-04 DOI: 10.1177/10775595261458381
Susan Yoon, Yujeong Chang, Olivia D Chang, Yafan Chen, Philomina Oyeh Yeboah, Sherry Hamby
{"title":"Strengths Associated With Positive Youth Development After Child Maltreatment: Application of the Resilience Portfolio Model.","authors":"Susan Yoon, Yujeong Chang, Olivia D Chang, Yafan Chen, Philomina Oyeh Yeboah, Sherry Hamby","doi":"10.1177/10775595261458381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595261458381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how protective factors and strengths operate to promote positive youth development is critical for supporting youth who have experienced childhood maltreatment. Guided by the Resilience Portfolio Model, including the poly-strengths framework, this study examined how both the configuration (i.e., strengths portfolios) and cumulative presence (i.e., number of strengths) of multi-level strengths predict adolescents' prosocial behaviors and academic achievement. Data were drawn from the second cohort of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being and included 357 adolescents (M_age = 13.21 years; 40.34% boys). Latent class analysis was conducted to identify distinct patterns of strengths, and Ordinary Least Squares regression analysis was used to examine the cumulative effects of poly-strengths. Results indicated that adolescents in the <i>Multi-domain resilience portfolios</i> group consistently demonstrated the best prosocial and academic outcomes. A future-oriented group that struggled with regulation generally appeared to have higher functioning than a well-regulated group with limited meaning and connection. Although the overall number of strengths (i.e., poly-strengths) predicted greater prosocial skills, it did not significantly predict academic achievement. These findings provide empirical support for resilience models that account for both the cumulative and configurational nature of strengths in youth development following maltreatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"10775595261458381"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148158491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Socioemotional Resilience Among Rural Youth Involved With CPS: An Exploration of Profiles of Socioecological Protective Factors. 参与CPS的农村青年的社会情绪弹性:社会生态保护因素概况的探讨。
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-06-03 DOI: 10.1177/10775595261456629
Morgan Gilmer, George O Emory, Kierra M P Sattler
{"title":"Socioemotional Resilience Among Rural Youth Involved With CPS: An Exploration of Profiles of Socioecological Protective Factors.","authors":"Morgan Gilmer, George O Emory, Kierra M P Sattler","doi":"10.1177/10775595261456629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595261456629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children impacted by child protective services (CPS) may demonstrate maladaptive outcomes across developmental domains. Yet, the broader context in which children are situated can shape resilience processes. For rural youth, understaffed and overburdened CPS offices mean that families may need to rely on other support following an investigation. Thus, socioecological protective factors across contexts may be essential for promoting socioemotional resilience in the context of CPS and rurality. Using data from two cohorts of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being collected in the United States, we estimated configurations of socioecological protective factors among rural youth (i.e., ages 3 to 10 years old) impacted by CPS. A latent profile analysis (LPA) identified three profiles: Overall Supportive Ecological Environments, Unsupported Caregiver Environments, and Low Stimulating/Sensitive Caregiving Environments. Most rural youth investigated by CPS were identified as living in Overall Supportive Ecological Environments, which in turn was associated with overall socioemotional resilience in the short-term and greater prosocial skills in the long-term. These findings highlight the importance of centering context when researching resilience and fostering socioecological protective factors for rural youth impacted by CPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"10775595261456629"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Childhood Verbal Abuse: Expert-Informed Delphi Consensus on Definition and Actions. 儿童言语虐待:专家对定义和行为的德尔菲共识。
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-06-03 DOI: 10.1177/10775595261452193
Elizabeth Li, Reilly Bugden, Kumayl Khamisa, Nikita Singh, Jennifer McGowan
{"title":"Childhood Verbal Abuse: Expert-Informed Delphi Consensus on Definition and Actions.","authors":"Elizabeth Li, Reilly Bugden, Kumayl Khamisa, Nikita Singh, Jennifer McGowan","doi":"10.1177/10775595261452193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595261452193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While existing psychological maltreatment frameworks recognize verbally aggressive behaviors as a key mechanism of harm, childhood verbal abuse has not been independently operationalized as a distinct construct, complicating recognition and response across safeguarding systems. Prevalence estimates vary widely from 18% to 92%, reflecting inconsistent operationalization across studies. This study combined systematic review of 275 sources with expert consultation to establish a consensus-based definition. A six-round Delphi process involved 21 experts with lived experience or professional expertise in child health, education, or social care. Participants evaluated candidate definitions, behaviors, impacts, stakeholders, and actions until ≥70% consensus was reached. The panel endorsed 27 definitional components, 46 abusive behaviors, and 45 recognized impacts. Consensus identified 29 stakeholder groups and 19 recommended actions, prioritizing public awareness, parent education and teacher training. Experts endorsed subtle, digital, and indirect forms of abuse underrepresented in existing research. This study provides a structured, multidisciplinary consensus definition and framework for childhood verbal abuse developed through a process integrating lived experience perspectives. It offers a necessary complement to existing psychological maltreatment frameworks and a foundation for improving identification, prevention, and policy development across health, education, and social care systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"10775595261452193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Early Childhood Sleep Disturbances Associated With Later Mental Health Symptoms Among Children in Foster Care. 寄养儿童早期睡眠障碍与后期心理健康症状相关
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-06-02 DOI: 10.1177/10775595261456626
Nikki Lane, Sierra Singleton, Lucyann Atkins, Elvan Guzman, Monica Negrete, Kristin Bernard, Mary Dozier, Teresa Lind
{"title":"Early Childhood Sleep Disturbances Associated With Later Mental Health Symptoms Among Children in Foster Care.","authors":"Nikki Lane, Sierra Singleton, Lucyann Atkins, Elvan Guzman, Monica Negrete, Kristin Bernard, Mary Dozier, Teresa Lind","doi":"10.1177/10775595261456626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595261456626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep plays a foundational role in early childhood development. Yet, children exposed to early adversity, such as those in foster care, are at elevated risk for sleep disturbances that may contribute to later emotional and behavioral difficulties. This longitudinal study investigated the association between early sleep disturbances and subsequent internalizing and externalizing symptoms in young children in foster care. A sample of 133 caregiver-child dyads participated in assessments at two time points: when children were approximately 25 months and 48 months old. Sleep was assessed through caregiver-reported measures across three days and two nights, and child mental health symptoms were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Cross-lagged panel modeling revealed a significant association between early sleep disturbances and later mental health symptoms, both internalizing and externalizing. These findings underscore the potential lasting impact of early sleep disturbances on emotional development in children in foster care and highlight the need for early identification and intervention to promote healthy developmental outcomes among children facing early adversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"10775595261456626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Are In-Home and Foster Care Services Associated With Risk of Maltreatment-Related Fatality and Near Fatality Following a Child Protection Case? Evidence From Pennsylvania. 家庭和寄养服务是否与儿童保护案件后与虐待相关的死亡和接近死亡的风险有关?宾夕法尼亚的证据。
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-06-02 DOI: 10.1177/10775595261451469
Dylan M Jones, Christian M Connell, Sarah A Font
{"title":"Are In-Home and Foster Care Services Associated With Risk of Maltreatment-Related Fatality and Near Fatality Following a Child Protection Case? Evidence From Pennsylvania.","authors":"Dylan M Jones, Christian M Connell, Sarah A Font","doi":"10.1177/10775595261451469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595261451469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many children who experience child maltreatment fatalities (CMF) or near fatalities (CMNF) are previously known to the child welfare system (CWS). Although in-home services and foster care (FC) are tools for preventing CMF/CMNF, relatively little research has examined how each is associated with subsequent CMF/CMNF. Using a nested case-control design and linked administrative data from Pennsylvania, this study examined how in-home services and FC following an initial CWS case were associated with the odds of future CMF and CMNFs (n = 171 cases and 777 controls). Relative to receiving no services, in-home services were not associated with reduced odds of CMF/CMNF (OR = 1.27, p = 0.201), whereas FC was associated with lower odds (OR = 0.54, p = 0.061), though this association did not reach statistical significance at p < .05. Relative to in-home services, FC was significantly associated with 58% lower odds of CMF/CMNF (OR = 0.42, p = 0.010). Although replication with larger samples is needed, findings suggest that FC, but not in-home services, is associated with reductions in CMF/CMNFs in the years following CWS involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"10775595261451469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Relationship Between Child Welfare Service Receipt and Adult and Child Outcomes: Evidence From the Regional Partnership Grants Program. 儿童福利服务收入与成人和儿童成果之间的关系:来自区域合作资助计划的证据。
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-06-02 DOI: 10.1177/10775595261454890
Julia Alamillo, Max Gross, Jeani Choe, Angela Valdovinos D'Angelo
{"title":"The Relationship Between Child Welfare Service Receipt and Adult and Child Outcomes: Evidence From the Regional Partnership Grants Program.","authors":"Julia Alamillo, Max Gross, Jeani Choe, Angela Valdovinos D'Angelo","doi":"10.1177/10775595261454890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595261454890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caregiver substance use is a leading risk factor for child maltreatment and removal from the home. To address this risk, since 2006, Congress has authorized funding for the Regional Partnership Grants (RPG) program. RPG supports partnerships between child welfare agencies, substance use treatment providers, and other social service systems to improve outcomes for children in or at risk of out-of-home placement due to a caregiver's substance use. Although research has demonstrated RPG's effectiveness in improving families' outcomes, less is known about what makes this program effective. This paper uses data collected from over 2,500 families and linear regression models to examine how specific features of RPG service receipt-including the types of services and how much of each service families receive-are associated with a range of outcomes for adults and children. We found that completing services, attending more service contacts, and receiving more services from a peer recovery support specialist were favorably associated with several outcomes. In contrast, the associations between the types of services families received and their outcomes were mixed. These findings inform efforts by child welfare agencies, substance use treatment providers, and others to structure services in ways that are most likely to benefit families.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"10775595261454890"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148151853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beyond the Male Lens: A Comparison of Females Processed by Police for Online and Offline Child Sexual Abuse. 男性镜头之外:警方处理线上和线下儿童性虐待案件的女性比较。
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-06-02 DOI: 10.1177/10775595261453526
Erika Fortunato, Reneta Slikboer, Marie Henshaw, Denny Meyer, James R P Ogloff
{"title":"Beyond the Male Lens: A Comparison of Females Processed by Police for Online and Offline Child Sexual Abuse.","authors":"Erika Fortunato, Reneta Slikboer, Marie Henshaw, Denny Meyer, James R P Ogloff","doi":"10.1177/10775595261453526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595261453526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compared the group characteristics and reoffending outcomes of 254 females processed by police for online or offline child sexual offending (<i>n</i> = 116 known for online offenses, 45.7%). A binary logistic regression revealed that females known for online child sexual abuse (CSA) were more likely to be aged under 18 years at the time of their index offense (<i>p</i> < .001), more likely to have co-perpetrated a child sexual offense (<i>p</i> < .001), and less likely to have a history of sexual victimization (<i>p</i> < .05) than females known for offline CSA. However, a two-step Cox regression survival analysis identified no group differences for risk of further police contact for any, violent, and non-violent offenses after controlling for relevant risk factors. These findings indicate that females who perpetrate online versus offline CSA may require specific management targets despite their similar likelihood of coming to future police attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"10775595261453526"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148145100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Suspicion to Action: Characteristics and Contextual Factors of Child Emotional Abuse in the German Healthcare Setting. 从怀疑到行动:德国医疗机构儿童情绪虐待的特征和环境因素。
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-05-23 DOI: 10.1177/10775595261453530
Emily Sitarski, Marius Stickel, Anna Eberhardt, Jörg M Fegert, Oliver Berthold
{"title":"From Suspicion to Action: Characteristics and Contextual Factors of Child Emotional Abuse in the German Healthcare Setting.","authors":"Emily Sitarski, Marius Stickel, Anna Eberhardt, Jörg M Fegert, Oliver Berthold","doi":"10.1177/10775595261453530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595261453530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Child emotional abuse (CEA) is a common and particularly harmful form of child maltreatment (CM), yet it is poorly recognized by healthcare professionals. This study aims to examine the reasons for suspicion and characteristics of CEA in a large sample of CM consultations (<i>N</i> = 10,910) of a nationwide helpline for professionals in healthcare in Germany. Descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses of 4,264 case consultations by healthcare professionals (<i>n</i> = 1,084 cases of CEA) were performed. No correlation regarding the gender of the affected child was found. The most affected age group was adolescents between the ages of 13 to 15 years. In the majority of cases, the suspected perpetrator of CEA was the child's mother. The strongest predictor for indication was an obviously abnormal interaction between the child and caregiver. The findings underscore the need for a more sensitive and relationship-focused approach to assessment and diagnosis, awareness and CEA-specific training.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"10775595261453530"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148007068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Intergenerational Impacts of Maternal Child Maltreatment on Adverse Neonatal Outcomes: Evidence From the I-CALM Study. 母婴虐待对新生儿不良结局的代际影响:来自I-CALM研究的证据。
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-05-23 DOI: 10.1177/10775595261453527
Claudia Bull, Mike Trott, Lakshmi Neelakantan, Natasha Reid, Rebecca Moran, Jake Najman, Anne Edwards, Steve Kisely
{"title":"The Intergenerational Impacts of Maternal Child Maltreatment on Adverse Neonatal Outcomes: Evidence From the I-CALM Study.","authors":"Claudia Bull, Mike Trott, Lakshmi Neelakantan, Natasha Reid, Rebecca Moran, Jake Najman, Anne Edwards, Steve Kisely","doi":"10.1177/10775595261453527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595261453527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Child maltreatment (CM) can have profound intergenerational impacts, with maternal CM experiences increasing the risk of adverse outcomes in the next generation. Using data from the Intergenerational Childhood Adversity and Lifetime Morbidity (I-CALM) study, we examined associations between self-reported CM and statutory child protection data, and adverse neonatal outcomes, including preterm delivery, resuscitation at birth, admission to special care nursery (SCN) or neonatal intensive care units (NICU), and morbidity within 28 days of birth. We also investigated whether risk factors identified at women's first antenatal care visit mediated these associations. The odds of preterm delivery, SCN or NICU admission units, and neonatal morbidity were significantly higher in births to women with both self-reported CM and statutory notifications. Smoking after 20 weeks' gestation partially mediated the relationship between statutory notifications and most adverse neonatal outcomes, but all other pathways were non-significant. These findings highlight several avenues for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"10775595261453527"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148007025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Associations Between Medication for Opioid Use Disorder and Family Functioning in Child Welfare-Involved Families. 儿童福利家庭中阿片类药物使用障碍与家庭功能的关系
IF 3.3 2区 社会学
Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2026-05-15 DOI: 10.1177/10775595261453528
Martin T Hall, Garrett C Hardy, Amelia J Brooks, Andrew Winters
{"title":"Associations Between Medication for Opioid Use Disorder and Family Functioning in Child Welfare-Involved Families.","authors":"Martin T Hall, Garrett C Hardy, Amelia J Brooks, Andrew Winters","doi":"10.1177/10775595261453528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595261453528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is associated with improved child welfare outcomes, though no previous studies have examined the relationship between MOUD and family functioning. This observational retrospective cohort study examined trends in MOUD receipt over a 12-year period and assessed whether MOUD was associated with eight domains of family functioning at child welfare case closure. The sample consisted of 1310 parents from 951 families in Kentucky who entered child welfare services due to opioid use between 2008 and 2019. Multiple logistic regression models evaluated associations between MOUD duration within one year of service entry and family functioning. Rates of MOUD increased over the study period but remained low overall. Compared to parents receiving no MOUD, parents receiving 6-12 months had more than twice the odds of adequate or strong functioning across seven family functioning domains. Despite limitations, this study adds to the evidence showing positive associations between parental MOUD and child welfare outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"10775595261453528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147949872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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