{"title":"A Meta-Analysis of Treatment for Self-Injurious Behavior in Children and Adolescents With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.","authors":"Timothy R Moore, Seunghee Lee, Rachel Freeman, Maryam Mahmoundi, Adele Dimian, Amy Riegelman, Jessica J Simacek","doi":"10.1177/01454455231218742","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01454455231218742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-injurious behavior (SIB) among children and youth with developmental disabilities has not diminished in prevalence despite the availability of effective interventions, and the impact on quality of life for people and their families is devastating. The current meta-analysis reviews SIB intervention research between 2011 and 2021 using single-case experimental designs with children and youth up to 21 years old and provides a quantitative synthesis of data from high-quality studies including moderator analyses to determine effects of participant and study characteristics on intervention outcomes. Encouraging findings include a high level of effectiveness across studies in the decrease of SIB (Tau-<i>U</i> = -0.90) and increase of positive behavior (Tau-<i>U</i> = 0.73), as well as an increase in studies (relative to prior reviews) reporting intervention fidelity, generalization, maintenance, and social validity. However, our findings shed limited light on potential moderating variables in the development of interventions for children and youth who exhibit SIB. Of the potential moderators of intervention effects, only implementer (researcher/therapist vs. parent/caregiver) and setting (clinic vs. home) were significantly associated with improved outcomes. We discuss the need for more robust involvement of natural communities of implementers in SIB intervention research to better equip them to effectively and sustainably meet the needs of people they care for. We also discuss the importance of creating systems enabling broad access for children with SIB to effective interventions in service of reducing burden for people, families, and society over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":" ","pages":"216-256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139404744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior ModificationPub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2023-12-24DOI: 10.1177/01454455231213980
Garrett J Roberts, Esther R Lindström, Gavin W Watts, Brooke Coté, Ekta Ghosh
{"title":"The Engaged Learners Program: Effects on Student Engagement During Small Group Reading Instruction.","authors":"Garrett J Roberts, Esther R Lindström, Gavin W Watts, Brooke Coté, Ekta Ghosh","doi":"10.1177/01454455231213980","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01454455231213980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study we tested the usability, feasibility, social validity, and effectiveness of <i>Engaged Learners</i>, a behavior support program designed to be integrated into small group reading interventions. Participants included eight Grade 3 to 5 students with co-occurring reading difficulties and inattention. A concurrent multiple-baseline design was utilized to test the effects of <i>Engaged Learners</i> on engagement outcomes. Visual analysis and effect sizes indicated an improvement in engagement for seven students. Interventionists and students viewed the <i>Engaged Learners</i> program to be effective and socially valid. Limitations included lower than expected levels of fidelity for one interventionist and high student absenteeism. More research is needed to identify the extent to which <i>Engaged Learners</i> can support reading outcomes. Educators seeking an effective behavior support program that requires minimal training and coaching may consider integrating <i>Engaged Learners</i> into their small group reading instruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":" ","pages":"150-181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139032774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior ModificationPub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1177/01454455231190741
Willem Landman, Stefan Bogaerts, Marinus Spreen
{"title":"Typicality of Level Change (TLC) as an Additional Effect Measure to NAP and Tau-U in Single Case Research.","authors":"Willem Landman, Stefan Bogaerts, Marinus Spreen","doi":"10.1177/01454455231190741","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01454455231190741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Single case research is a viable way to obtain evidence for social and psychological interventions on an individual level. Across single case research studies various analysis strategies are employed, varying from visual analysis to the calculation of effect sizes. To calculate effect sizes in studies with few measurements per time period (<40 data points with a minimum of five data points in each phase), non-parametric indices such as Nonoverlap of All Pairs (NAP) and Tau-U are recommended. However, both indices have restrictions. This article discusses the restrictions of NAP and Tau-U and presents the description, calculation, and benefits of an additional effect size, called the Typicality of Level Change (TLC) index. In comparison to NAP and Tau-U, the TLC index is more aligned to visual analysis, not restricted by a ceiling effect, and does not overcompensate for problematic trends in data. The TLC index is also sensitive to the typicality of an effect. TLC is an important addition to ease the restrictions of current nonoverlap methods when comparing effect sizes between cases and studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":" ","pages":"51-74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10122643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior ModificationPub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1177/01454455231202296
{"title":"Corrigendum to A Comparison Controlled Study Examining Outcome for Children with Autism Receiving Intensive Behavioral Intervention (IBI).","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01454455231202296","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01454455231202296","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":" ","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11066579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41160632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior ModificationPub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-08-20DOI: 10.1177/01454455231191710
Adam J D Mann, Matthew T Tull, Kim L Gratz
{"title":"Examining the Presence, Frequency, and Associated Characteristics of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury by Proxy: Initial Validation of the Nonsuicidal Self-Injury by Proxy Questionnaire (NSSIBPQ).","authors":"Adam J D Mann, Matthew T Tull, Kim L Gratz","doi":"10.1177/01454455231191710","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01454455231191710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) by proxy is the intentional destruction of one's own body tissue through the elicitation of another being's actions. Despite its clinical relevance, research on NSSI by proxy is limited and there are no available measures of this behavior. This research aimed to characterize NSSI by proxy among young adults and provide preliminary data on the validity of a new self-report measure, the NSSI by Proxy Questionnaire (NSSIBPQ). Two nationwide community samples of young adults (one general community sample and one with a history of traditional NSSI and suicidality) completed online studies. NSSI by proxy was reported by 18% of the general community sample and 45% of the self-injuring sample. Findings support the clinical relevance of NSSI by proxy and its potential to meet criteria for an NSSI disorder diagnosis. Results also provide preliminary support for the internal consistency and convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity of the NSSIBPQ.</p>","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":" ","pages":"3-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10022432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior ModificationPub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-09-09DOI: 10.1177/01454455231195825
Jonathan E Friedel, Alison D Cox, Sarah Davis
{"title":"Further Progress Toward Automating Functional Analysis Interpretation.","authors":"Jonathan E Friedel, Alison D Cox, Sarah Davis","doi":"10.1177/01454455231195825","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01454455231195825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is considered best practice to conduct a functional analysis and visually inspect data collected to determine the function of problem behavior, which then informs the intervention approaches applied. Visual inspection has been described as a \"subjective\" process that may be affected by factors unrelated to the data. Structured decision-making guidelines have been established to address some of these shortcomings. The current paper is a follow-up to earlier work describing positive outcomes related to the viability of a decision support system based on structured criteria from Roane et al. Here, we demonstrate important improvements in a computer script's interpretation of functional analysis data, including improvement in agreement between the updated computer script version and experienced human raters (89%) compared to our original agreement outcomes (81%). This paper further supports the use of decision support systems for functional analysis interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":" ","pages":"75-106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10188059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior ModificationPub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2019-06-05DOI: 10.1177/0145445519854323
Rumen Manolov, Kimberly J Vannest
{"title":"A Visual Aid and Objective Rule Encompassing the Data Features of Visual Analysis.","authors":"Rumen Manolov, Kimberly J Vannest","doi":"10.1177/0145445519854323","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0145445519854323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual analysis of single-case research is commonly described as a gold standard, but it is often unreliable. Thus, an objective tool for applying visual analysis is necessary, as an alternative to the Conservative Dual Criterion, which presents some drawbacks. The proposed free web-based tool enables assessing change in trend and level between two adjacent phases, while taking data variability into account. The application of the tool results in (a) a dichotomous decision regarding the presence or absence of an immediate effect, a progressive or delayed effect, or an overall effect and (b) a quantification of overlap. The proposal is evaluated by applying it to both real and simulated data, obtaining favorable results. The visual aid and the objective rules are expected to make visual analysis more consistent, but they are not intended as a substitute for the analysts' judgment, as a formal test of statistical significance, or as a tool for assessing social validity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":" ","pages":"1345-1376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0145445519854323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37306450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior ModificationPub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2019-08-30DOI: 10.1177/0145445519863035
Michael Perdices, Robyn L Tate, Ulrike Rosenkoetter
{"title":"An Algorithm to Evaluate Methodological Rigor and Risk of Bias in Single-Case Studies.","authors":"Michael Perdices, Robyn L Tate, Ulrike Rosenkoetter","doi":"10.1177/0145445519863035","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0145445519863035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Critical appraisal scales play an important role in evaluating methodological rigor (MR) of between-groups and single-case designs (SCDs). For intervention research this forms an essential basis for ascertaining the strength of evidence. Yet, few such scales provide classifications that take into account the differential weighting of items contributing to internal validity. This study aimed to develop an algorithm derived from the Risk of Bias in N-of-1 Trials (RoBiNT) Scale to classify MR and risk of bias magnitude in SCDs. The algorithm was applied to 46 SCD experiments. Two experiments (4%) were classified as Very High MR, 14 (30%) as High, 5 (11%) as Moderate, 2 (4%) as Fair, 2 (4%) as Low, and 21 (46%) as Very Low. These proportions were comparable to the What Works Clearinghouse classifications: 13 (28%) met standards, 8 (17%) met standards with reservations, and 25 (54%) did not meet standards. There was strong association between the two classification systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":"1 1","pages":"1482-1509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0145445519863035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49024358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior ModificationPub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2019-06-19DOI: 10.1177/0145445519853793
René Tanious, Tamal Kumar De, Bart Michiels, Wim Van den Noortgate, Patrick Onghena
{"title":"Consistency in Single-Case ABAB Phase Designs: A Systematic Review.","authors":"René Tanious, Tamal Kumar De, Bart Michiels, Wim Van den Noortgate, Patrick Onghena","doi":"10.1177/0145445519853793","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0145445519853793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current article presents a systematic review of consistency in single-case ABAB phase designs. We applied the CONsistency of DAta Patterns (CONDAP) measure to a sample of 460 data sets retrieved from 119 applied studies published over the past 50 years. The main purpose was to (a) identify typical CONDAP values found in published ABAB designs and (b) develop interpretational guidelines for CONDAP to be used for future studies to assess the consistency of data patterns from similar phases. The overall distribution of CONDAP values is right-skewed with several extreme values to the right of the center of the distribution. The B-phase CONDAP values fall within a narrower range than the A-phase CONDAP values. Based on the cumulative distribution of CONDAP values, we offer the following interpretational guidelines in terms of consistency: very high, 0 ≤ CONDAP ≤ 0.5; high, 0.5 < CONDAP ≤ 1; medium, 1 < CONDAP < 1.5; low, 1.5 < CONDAP ≤ 2; very low, CONDAP > 2. We give examples of combining CONDAP benchmarks with visual analysis of single-case ABAB phase designs and conclude that the majority of data patterns (41.2%) in published ABAB phase designs is medium consistent.</p>","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":" ","pages":"1377-1406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0145445519853793","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37347823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior ModificationPub Date : 2023-11-01Epub Date: 2018-08-05DOI: 10.1177/0145445518792251
Andrew A Cooper, Alexander C Kline, Allison L Baier, Norah C Feeny
{"title":"Rethinking Research on Prediction and Prevention of Psychotherapy Dropout: A Mechanism-Oriented Approach.","authors":"Andrew A Cooper, Alexander C Kline, Allison L Baier, Norah C Feeny","doi":"10.1177/0145445518792251","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0145445518792251","url":null,"abstract":"Dropout is a ubiquitous psychotherapy outcome in clinical practice and treatment research alike, yet it remains a poorly understood problem. Contemporary dropout research is dominated by models of prediction that lack a strong theoretical foundation, often drawing on data from clinical trials that report on dropout in an inconsistent and incomplete fashion. In this article, we assert that dropout is a critical treatment outcome that is worthy of investigation as a mechanistic process. After briefly describing the scope of the dropout problem, we discuss the many factors that limit the field’s present understanding of dropout. We then articulate and illustrate a transdiagnostic conceptual framework for examining psychotherapy dropout in contemporary research, concluding with recommendations for future research. With a more comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting retention, research efforts can shift toward investigating key processes underlying treatment dropout, thus, boosting prediction and informing strategies to mitigate dropout in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":" ","pages":"1195-1218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0145445518792251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36373624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}