Behavior ModificationPub Date : 2022-11-01Epub Date: 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1177/01454455211073738
Joshua C Felver, Adam J Clawson, Tory L Ash, Brian K Martens, Qiu Wang, Nirbhay N Singh
{"title":"Meta-Analysis of Mindfulness-Based Program Soles of the Feet for Disruptive Behaviors.","authors":"Joshua C Felver, Adam J Clawson, Tory L Ash, Brian K Martens, Qiu Wang, Nirbhay N Singh","doi":"10.1177/01454455211073738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01454455211073738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mindfulness-based programs are a promising intervention modality for reducing disruptive behavior, and <i>Soles of the Feet</i> (SOF) is one program that teaches internal awareness of personal events (e.g., unpleasant emotions) and a self-regulation strategy to decrease disruptive behaviors. This study conducted a meta-analysis of single-case research design (SCRD) studies that implemented SOF to decrease disruptive behaviors. Existing SOF studies were evaluated using high-quality SCRD standards, resulting in 15 studies included in the analysis (49 participants; mean age 23.12 years (<i>SD</i> = 15.87); highly heterogeneous backgrounds). Studies were analyzed to calculate effect sizes using Tau-U, an innovative non-parametric statistical approach for estimating effect sizes in SCRD studies. The aggregated weighted Tau-U effect size of SOF across all studies was -0.87. Moderator analyses indicated SOF's effectiveness was robust across participant characteristics and delivery formats. This meta-analysis suggests that SOF is a moderately effective evidence-based practice for reducing disruptive behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":"46 6","pages":"1488-1516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39883519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior ModificationPub Date : 2022-11-01Epub Date: 2021-11-11DOI: 10.1177/01454455211054019
Hide Okuno, Taylor Rezeppa, Tabitha Raskin, Andres De Los Reyes
{"title":"Adolescent Safety Behaviors and Social Anxiety: Links to Psychosocial Impairments and Functioning with Unfamiliar Peer Confederates.","authors":"Hide Okuno, Taylor Rezeppa, Tabitha Raskin, Andres De Los Reyes","doi":"10.1177/01454455211054019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01454455211054019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Socially anxious adolescents often endure anxiety-provoking situations using <i>safety behaviors</i>: strategies for minimizing in-the-moment distress (e.g., avoiding eye contact, rehearsing statements before entering a conversation). Studies linking safety behaviors to impaired functioning have largely focused on adults. In a sample of one hundred thirty-four 14 to 15 year-old adolescents, we tested whether levels of safety behaviors among socially anxious adolescents relate to multiple domains of impaired functioning. Adolescents, parents, and research personnel completed survey measures of safety behaviors and social anxiety, adolescents and parents reported about adolescents' evaluative fears and psychosocial impairments, and adolescents participated in a set of tasks designed to simulate social interactions with same-age, unfamiliar peers. Relative to other adolescents in the sample, adolescents high on both safety behaviors and social anxiety displayed greater psychosocial impairments, evaluative fears, and observed social skills deficits within social interactions. These findings have important implications for assessing and treating adolescent social anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":"46 6","pages":"1314-1345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39612258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elisabeth Akeman, Evan White, Kate Wolitzky-Taylor, Jessica Santiago, Timothy J McDermott, Danielle C DeVille, Jennifer L Stewart, Martin Paulus, Charles T Taylor, Robin L Aupperle
{"title":"Amplification of Positivity Therapy for Co-occurring Alcohol Use Disorder with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms: Pilot Feasibility Study and Case Series.","authors":"Elisabeth Akeman, Evan White, Kate Wolitzky-Taylor, Jessica Santiago, Timothy J McDermott, Danielle C DeVille, Jennifer L Stewart, Martin Paulus, Charles T Taylor, Robin L Aupperle","doi":"10.1177/01454455211030506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01454455211030506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Positive valence system dysregulation is a relatively unexplored transdiagnostic mechanism and potential treatment target underpinning alcohol use and anxiety and depression symptoms. The current study examined the feasibility and potential benefit of a behavioral intervention focused on amplification of positivity (AMP) with eight adults (five female) diagnosed with alcohol use disorder and clinically significant depression or anxiety (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04278365). AMP for alcohol use (AMP-A) was delivered in 11 individual sessions involving positive activity interventions integrated alongside psychoeducation and alcohol use monitoring. Case descriptions are provided to illustrate treatment implementation. Treatment credibility and acceptability, participant endorsement of the therapy, and homework compliance were rated moderate to high. Exploratory, intent-to-treat analyses suggested medium to large effect sizes for post-treatment improvements in alcohol use, depression, anxiety, and positive affect. Results provide initial evidence of feasibility and acceptability of AMP-A and will be useful for informing future randomized clinical trials to examine clinical efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":"46 5","pages":"1021-1046"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01454455211030506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10439408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior ModificationPub Date : 2022-07-01Epub Date: 2021-01-19DOI: 10.1177/0145445520988142
Tom Cariveau, Astrid La Cruz Montilla
{"title":"Effects of the Onset of Differential Reinforcer Quality on Skill Acquisition.","authors":"Tom Cariveau, Astrid La Cruz Montilla","doi":"10.1177/0145445520988142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445520988142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Differential reinforcement of a target response is a necessary component of stimulus control transfer procedures. Recent research has further considered the timing (i.e., onset) of differential reinforcement of unprompted correct responding. To date, the onset of differential reinforcement has been inconsistently controlled in studies comparing skill acquisition programs for individuals with developmental disabilities. The current study serves as a systematic replication of prior comparative research to examine the effects of immediate and delayed differential reinforcement onset on the efficiency of acquisition for three individuals with developmental disabilities. The delayed onset of differential reinforcement required the fewest number of exposures to mastery per target across all comparisons. These findings failed to replicate those of prior research on differential reinforcement onset, possibly due to differences in participant characteristics, target tasks, or other required procedural modifications. Considerations for future research on differential reinforcement procedures in skill acquisition programs are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":"46 4","pages":"732-754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0145445520988142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38836654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior ModificationPub Date : 2022-07-01Epub Date: 2021-01-29DOI: 10.1177/0145445521991098
Silvia Melero, Alexandra Morales, José Pedro Espada, Mireia Orgilés
{"title":"Improving Social Performance Through Video-feedback with Cognitive Preparation in Children with Emotional Problems.","authors":"Silvia Melero, Alexandra Morales, José Pedro Espada, Mireia Orgilés","doi":"10.1177/0145445521991098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445521991098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anxious children report a more negative perception of their social performance and increased nervous behaviors. The video-feedback with cognitive preparation allows children to contrast and modify their negative social self-image, increasing their self-confidence and decreasing anxiety behaviors. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Super Skills for Life (SSL) program in improving social performance in a sample of children with emotional symptoms. Results indicated that both objective and subjective evaluation showed positive effects of the SSL program on the children's social performance, enhancing their social skills and reducing anxiety behaviors in social situations, both during the program and in the last session. Girls felt more comfortable and showed better speech and social performance than boys. Our findings increase the evidence about the short-term effects of the video-feedback with cognitive preparation of the SSL program and provide a useful transdiagnostic protocol for application in the clinical setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":"46 4","pages":"755-781"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0145445521991098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38879746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior ModificationPub Date : 2022-07-01Epub Date: 2021-02-03DOI: 10.1177/0145445521991102
Rachel Reeves, David Curran, Amanda Gleeson, Donncha Hanna
{"title":"A Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Virtual Reality and In Vivo Exposure Therapy as Psychological Interventions for Public Speaking Anxiety.","authors":"Rachel Reeves, David Curran, Amanda Gleeson, Donncha Hanna","doi":"10.1177/0145445521991102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445521991102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public speaking anxiety (PSA) is a prevalent condition with disabling occupational, educational, and social consequences. Exposure therapy is a commonly utilized approach for treating PSA. Traditionally, this intervention has been delivered as in vivo exposure therapy (IVET). Limitations inherent to in vivo as a mode of delivery have been identified and studies have increasingly explored the use of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) as an alternative. Understanding the efficacy of both VRET and IVET as psychological interventions for PSA is important. A systematic search identified 11 studies with 508 participants. Meta-analysis yielded a large significant effect wherein VRET resulted in significant reductions in PSA versus control of -1.39 (<i>Z</i> = 3.96, <i>p</i> < .001) and a similar large significant effect wherein IVET resulted in significant reductions in PSA versus control of -1.41 (<i>Z</i> = 7.51, <i>p</i> < .001). Although IVET was marginally superior to VRET, both interventions proved efficacious. Given the advantages of utilizing VRET over IVET future research and clinical practice could explore VRET as a treatment option for PSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":"46 4","pages":"937-965"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0145445521991102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25325756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior ModificationPub Date : 2022-07-01Epub Date: 2021-02-04DOI: 10.1177/0145445521992308
Tom Cariveau, Katelyn Hunt, Halley Robbins, Alexandria R Brown
{"title":"Preference for Alternative Communication Modality Based on Reinforcer Quality and Availability.","authors":"Tom Cariveau, Katelyn Hunt, Halley Robbins, Alexandria R Brown","doi":"10.1177/0145445521992308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445521992308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preference for augmentative or alternative communication (AAC) systems has received growing interest in work with individuals with developmental disabilities. An individual may choose a modality based on technological (e.g., auditory-output) or aesthetic features of a system; however, it is ideal that functional features (i.e., effectiveness in producing a reinforcer) affect preference to a much greater extent. Prior research has treated preference as a static variable and may commonly report a lack of preference for a modality or control by irrelevant features of the assessment (e.g., position of the modality in an array). The current study assessed the preference for AAC modalities of a teenager with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability using a concurrent-chains procedure. This study extended prior research by including additional methods to ensure accurate assessment of preference (i.e., a control condition) and a reinforcer manipulation to determine whether preference was controlled by non-functional (e.g., aesthetic) or functional (i.e., reinforcer quality and availability) variables. Preference was found to be functionally related to reinforcer availability, including when rapidly alternated between modalities. Moreover, the participant consistently allocated responding away from the control condition. Implications for self-determination and suggestions for future research on preference for AAC systems are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":"46 4","pages":"799-818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0145445521992308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25331299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior ModificationPub Date : 2022-07-01Epub Date: 2021-02-16DOI: 10.1177/0145445521994308
Ana Gallego, Louise McHugh, Markku Penttonen, Raimo Lappalainen
{"title":"Measuring Public Speaking Anxiety: Self-report, behavioral, and physiological.","authors":"Ana Gallego, Louise McHugh, Markku Penttonen, Raimo Lappalainen","doi":"10.1177/0145445521994308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445521994308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-reports are typically used to assess public speaking anxiety. In this study, we examined whether self-report, observer report, and behavioral and physiological reactivity were associated with each other during a speech challenge task. A total of 95 university students completed a self-report measure of public speaking anxiety before and after the speech challenge. Speech duration (i.e., behavioral measure), physiological reactivity, as well as speech performance evaluated by the participants and observers were also recorded. The results suggest that self-reported public speaking anxiety predicts speech duration, as well as speech quality, as rated by the participants themselves and observers. However, the physiological measures were not associated with self-reported anxiety during the speech task. Additionally, we observed that socially anxious participants underrate their speech performance in comparison to their observers' evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":"46 4","pages":"782-798"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0145445521994308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25373660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior ModificationPub Date : 2022-07-01Epub Date: 2021-04-23DOI: 10.1177/01454455211010708
Kathleen L Ramsey, Stephanie D Smith, Laura K Hansen, Richard S Mohn, Fayth C Walbridge, Kimberly G Barajas, Brandi M Ellis, Brad A Dufrene
{"title":"Internalization of Behavior Management Skills among Teachers in a Specialized School Serving Students with Neurodevelopmental Disorders.","authors":"Kathleen L Ramsey, Stephanie D Smith, Laura K Hansen, Richard S Mohn, Fayth C Walbridge, Kimberly G Barajas, Brandi M Ellis, Brad A Dufrene","doi":"10.1177/01454455211010708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01454455211010708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior studies suggest that the fidelity of teachers' implementation of behavior management practices in the classroom diminish over time. Establishing how long it takes teachers to fully learn and sustain their independent use of these skills may aid in addressing implementation drift. The primary goals of this pilot study were twofold: (1) determine how long it takes teachers employed at a school serving students with Neurodevelopmental Disorders to internalize evidence-based behavior management practices (i.e., positive reinforcement, direct commands), and (2) establish whether some skills take longer than others for teachers to internalize. We also had the opportunity to evaluate whether a pre-determined threshold of skill internalization (e.g., 50% increase in skill use for three consecutive weeks) as defined in the extant literature translates into sustained skill implementation. Our results suggest that the length of standard teacher trainings may not be adequate given upwards of 2 months is required for the internalization of one skill and the time needed to reach internalization is dependent upon the skill taught and may deviate by at least 2 weeks across skills. However, given the variability observed in teachers' implementation of skills following internalization, this pre-determined threshold of skill internalization may be insufficient and requires further examination in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":"46 4","pages":"863-893"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01454455211010708","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38834895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behavior ModificationPub Date : 2022-07-01Epub Date: 2021-04-15DOI: 10.1177/01454455211010701
Kate Wolitzky-Taylor, Haley Breland, Jaclyn Ross, Amy Sewart
{"title":"A Preliminary Test of the Efficacy of Brief Self-Administered Behavioral Interventions for Rumination.","authors":"Kate Wolitzky-Taylor, Haley Breland, Jaclyn Ross, Amy Sewart","doi":"10.1177/01454455211010701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01454455211010701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rumination is theorized to be a cognitive avoidance process that is implicated in several manifestations of psychopathology. Few interventions directly target rumination as a core process maintaining emotional disorder symptoms. This pilot study compared the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of self-directed behavioral approaches for reducing rumination. Participants (<i>N</i> = 60) with elevations in rumination were randomized to 3 weeks of self-directed interventions: (a) scheduled rumination time; (b) a strategy combining mindfulness, shaping, and disengagement strategies; or (c) self-monitoring control. Both active treatment conditions outperformed self-monitoring control on post-treatment depression scores. Scheduled rumination time significantly outperformed the other two conditions on measures of rumination and worry. No between-group differences emerged on the secondary outcome (i.e., anxiety symptoms). Brief, self-directed, behavioral interventions targeting rumination are feasible and demonstrate preliminary efficacy. Scheduled rumination time shows moderate to large effects. The use of a small, non-treatment seeking sample was the primary limitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48037,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Modification","volume":"46 4","pages":"913-936"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01454455211010701","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38875091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}