Infant Mental Health Journal最新文献

{"title":"Experiences of childbirth care among mothers in Lithuania during COVID-19","authors":"Giedrė Širvinskienė,&nbsp;Aušra Norė,&nbsp;Jonas Grincevičius,&nbsp;Švitrigailė Grincevičienė","doi":"10.1002/imhj.22145","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.22145","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The COVID-19 pandemic affected healthcare practices, especially the provision of face-to-face services due to restrictions and social distance. The aim of the study was to analyze the experience of childbirth care among mothers in Lithuania during the pandemic. A qualitative design was adopted in the study. Research data were collected as part of the international Babies Born Better survey. Data of 200 women who gave birth in Lithuania (February–June 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic) was included. Participant responses to open-ended questions regarding childbirth care experiences were analyzed using an inductive thematic framework. Four themes emerged: “Subjective experience of birth care service,” “COVID-19 policies,” “Consideration of mother/baby needs,” and “Perception towards staff.” Emotional aspects of different care levels were highlighted in themes. Women expressed feelings of thankfulness for staff professionality and responding to their needs. However, perceived staff rudeness, lack of information and absence of an accompanied person negatively related to mothers’ perceptions of satisfaction. The results revealed mothers’ perceptions of strengths and challenges of the maternity care system in the country where the pandemic was managed with early vaccination, strict lockdown measures and social distancing—higher appreciation of service, regret for disturbed emotional aspects of communication, and lack of support from family members.</p>","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"46-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal self-efficacy during infancy: Investigating the roles of depression and social support among mothers in rural Pakistan","authors":"Allison Frost,&nbsp;Ashley Hagaman,&nbsp;Sarah Haight,&nbsp;Naira Ikram,&nbsp;Liz Turner,&nbsp;Sonia Bhalotra,&nbsp;Siham Sikander,&nbsp;Joanna Maselko","doi":"10.1002/imhj.22146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.22146","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Maternal self-efficacy during infancy is shaped by many factors, including maternal mental health and social support. This study examines how depression, emotional support, and childcare support relate to maternal self-efficacy among mothers of infants in rural Pakistan. Participants included 885 mothers assessed at 3 and 6 months postpartum. At 3 months postpartum, mothers completed interview measures of depression, emotional social support, support with day-to-day childcare tasks (daily childcare support), and childcare support when they were unable to care for their child (childcare support when needed). At 6 months postpartum, participants reported on maternal self-efficacy. Generalized estimating equations were used to test the associations between depression and social support at 3 months and maternal self-efficacy at 6 months, as well as the interaction between depression and social support. Depression at 3 months was not associated with maternal self-efficacy at 6 months when controlling for depression at 6 months. Emotional support was associated with increased self-efficacy, but daily childcare support was not. We found weak evidence that childcare support when needed was associated with increased self-efficacy only among mothers with depression. Results suggest that emotional support and childcare support when needed may be helpful for promoting mothers’ self-efficacy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;L'auto-efficacité maternelle pendant la petite enfance est façonnée par de nombreux facteurs, y compris la santé mentale maternelle et le soutien social. Cette étude examine comment la dépression, le soutien émotionnel et le soutien aux enfants sont liés à l'auto-efficacité maternelle chez des mères de nourrissons dans le Pakistan rural. Les participantes étaient 885 mères évaluées à 3 et 6 mois après l'accouchement. À trois mois après l'accouchement, les mères ont passé des entretiens mesurant la dépression, le soutien social émotionnel, le soutien aux tâches quotidiennes de la garde de l'enfant (soutien quotidien aux soins) et le soutien aux enfants lorsqu'elles n’étaient pas en mesure de s'occuper de leur enfant (soutien aux enfants lorsque c’était nécessaire). À 6 mois après la naissance, les participantes ont fait état de leur auto-efficacité maternelle. Des équations d'estimation généralisées ont été utilisées pour tester les liens entre la dépression et le soutien social à 3 mois et l'auto-efficacité maternelle à 6 mois, ainsi que l'interaction entre la dépression et le soutien social. La dépression à 3 mois n’était pas liée à l'auto-efficacité maternelle à 6 mois lorsque le contrôle de la dépression à 6 mois a été effectué. Le soutien émotionnel était lié à une auto-efficacité plus importante, mais le soutien quotidien aux enfants ne l’était pas. Nous avons trouvé peu de preuves que le soutien aux enfants en cas de nécessité était lié à une auto-efficacité plus importante chez uniquement les mères souffrant de dépression. Les résultats suggèrent que le s","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"85-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of parental marital quality on preschool children's social–emotional competence: The chain mediating model of parent–child and sibling relationships","authors":"Xiao Xiao","doi":"10.1002/imhj.22148","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.22148","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;With the swift advancements in China's education system and society, preschool children's social–emotional competence is becoming increasingly important for adapting to complicated situations. While research shows parental marital quality as a key factor, studies on its specific mechanisms within the Chinese context are limited. Grounded in the framework of family systems theory and incorporating perspectives from the spillover hypothesis, emotional security theory, and attachment theory, this research explores how parental marital quality influences preschool children's social–emotional competence, emphasizing the mediating roles of parent–child and sibling relationships in China. This study examined 227 preschool children (124 boys and 103 girls) from two-child families in six kindergartens across China as research participants. Mother reports on the quality of marital, sibling, and parent–child relationships were collected cross-sectionally to assess the direct and indirect effects on children's social–emotional competence using path models. Results show that parental marital quality positively influences preschool children's social–emotional competence. Additionally, parent–child and sibling relationships not only serve as independent mediators but also create a chain mediating effect. This finding emphasizes the importance of parental marital quality in shaping preschool children's social–emotional competence. It underscores the necessity of nurturing healthy parent–child and sibling interactions via family education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Au vu des avances rapides constatées dans le système éducatif et dans la société chinoise, la compétence socio-émotionnelle des enfants d’âge préscolaire devient de plus en plus importante pour ce qui est de s'adapter à des situations complexes. Bien que les recherches montrent que la qualité du mariage parental est un facteur clé, les études sur ses mécanismes spécifiques dans le contexte chinois sont limitées. Ancrée dans la structure de la théorie des systèmes familiaux et intégrant les perspectives de l'hypothèse de débordement, de la théorie de sécurité émotionnelle et de la théorie de l'attachement, nos recherches explorent ici la manière dont la qualité conjugale parentale influence la compétence émotionnelle des enfants d’âge préscolaire, en mettant l'accent sur les rôles médiateurs des relations parent-enfant et entre frères et sœurs en Chine. Cette étude a examiné 227 enfants d’âge préscolaire (124 garçons et 103 filles) de familles de deux enfants dans six crèches à travers la Chine en tant que participants à la recherche. Les réflexions faites par la mère sur la qualité des relations conjugales, les relations entre les enfants et les relations parent-enfant ont été recueillies de façon transversale afin d’évaluer les effets directs et indirects sur la compétence socio-émotionnelle des enfants à l'aide de modèles de cheminement. Les résultats montrent que la qualité conjugale parentale influence la compétenc","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"15-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-criticism, maternal emotional distress, and maternal hostility among Bedouin mothers with preterm infants","authors":"Shuaa Assal-Zrike,&nbsp;Naama Atzaba-Poria","doi":"10.1002/imhj.22144","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.22144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examined the links between maternal self-criticism, maternal postpartum emotional distress (PPED), and maternal non-hostility among Arab-Bedouin mothers living in southern Israel. We proposed a moderated mediation model in which self-criticism would be related to PPED, which, in turn would be related to maternal non-hostility. One hundred five Arab-Bedouin mothers and their preterm (<i>n </i>= 48) and full-term (<i>n</i> = 57) infants were recruited shortly after birth and were followed up when infants were 6 months old (corrected for prematurity). The self-report measures were done shortly after birth, and, the measurement of observation was done at the 6-month visit. Findings demonstrated evidence for a moderated mediation model in which higher levels of maternal self-criticism correlated over time with higher levels of maternal PPED, and this, in turn, predicted lower levels of maternal non-hostility. This model was found only among the preterm group.</p>","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Pregnancy to Parenthood program: A dyadic intervention for mothers with perinatal mental disorders and their infants","authors":"Rochelle Matacz,&nbsp;Shannon Byrne,&nbsp;Kaoru Nosaka,&nbsp;Lynn Priddis,&nbsp;Amy Finlay-Jones,&nbsp;Izaak Lim,&nbsp;Dianne Bloxsome,&nbsp;Vesna Newman-Morris","doi":"10.1002/imhj.22143","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.22143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dyadic interventions targeting maternal mental health and the mother-infant relationship in the perinatal period are critical due to the potential consequences of perinatal mental illness and relational disturbance for the mother, the infant, and their family. This paper describes the Pregnancy to Parenthood (P2P) model of care, a dyadic mother-infant community-based program designed to support vulnerable families in Western Australia in the context of an identified need to build workforce capacity. A pragmatic service evaluation study was conducted by analyzing routine clinical data collected from 105 dyads who completed pre- and post-intervention measures, including the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS), and the Mother Object Relations Scale-Short Form (MORS-SF). Reliable change index and cut-off analyses indicated a clinically reliable pre-post reduction in perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms for 71% and 68% of the sample, respectively. Significant pre-post improvements with medium effect sizes (<i>r</i> = −.46, <i>r</i> = −.32) were found for caregiving representations on the MORS-SF, suggesting representations became more balanced. These results provide provisional evidence that the P2P model of care may be effective in improving maternal mental health and caregiving representations. Further research is required to evaluate the efficacy of P2P in relation to enhancing family well-being, and to inform policy and mental health service development.</p>","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"70-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling up Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up with Latine families: Implementation processes and effectiveness","authors":"Pablo Carrera,&nbsp;Franssy M. Zablah,&nbsp;Yanira de la Rosa,&nbsp;Marta Benito-Gomez","doi":"10.1002/imhj.22141","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.22141","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC) is an evidence-based early intervention promoting attachment security and self-regulation by enhancing parental sensitivity. When scaling up an evidence-based intervention to the community, it is essential to consider families’ preferences and cultural values to ensure cultural appropriateness, while maintaining fidelity to the intervention's core components. In this article, we aimed to test the effectiveness of ABC in improving parental sensitivity when implemented in Spanish at a community level in the USA. The effectiveness of ABC when implemented in Spanish in the community was assessed through pre-post changes in observed parental sensitivity in 79 Latine families with children ages 6 months to 4 years. Parental sensitivity increased from pre- to post-test, with a similar effect size to previous studies (<i>d</i> = .67). Results and practice implications are discussed, highlighting the importance of the support to providers reaching families of diverse origins.</p>","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"3-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and outcomes of infants admitted to a parent–infant inpatient psychiatric unit: A pilot study","authors":"Rebecca Hill,&nbsp;Liz Coventry,&nbsp;Meg Prior","doi":"10.1002/imhj.22142","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.22142","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inpatient parent–infant psychiatric units (PIUs) are considered “gold standard” for treating maternal mental illness, with well-documented positive outcomes for mothers. However, little research addresses outcomes for infants in these units, who often face significant developmental and socio-emotional adversity. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and progress of an Australian PIU population, focusing on the impact of PIU admission on infant outcomes. Over 3 months, 31 consecutively admitted mother–infant pairs (dyads) were assessed through interviews, observations, and standardized measures to evaluate maternal and infant characteristics and progress from admission to discharge. Maternal well-being and the mother–infant relationship improved. Infants exhibited high levels of physical (29%) and developmental concerns (80.6%). 22.6% receiving an Axis I infant mental health diagnosis. Infant socio-emotional responsiveness improved significantly, as measured by the modified Alarm-Distress Baby Scale, indicating a positive impact of PIU admission. The small sample size and reliance on clinician-observed measures limit the generalizability of the findings. PIU infants are particularly vulnerable, and PIU admission may ameliorate socio-emotional responsiveness. Further research with larger samples and extended follow-up is needed to determine the most effective intervention strategies during and after PIU admission to maximize benefits for these infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"45 6","pages":"721-731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enlisting toddler cooperation through structure and autonomy support: The amplifying role of suboptimal relationship mutuality","authors":"Adriana Molitor,&nbsp;Hui-Chin Hsu,&nbsp;Katherine Eulau,&nbsp;Robert A. Brewster","doi":"10.1002/imhj.22140","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.22140","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Regular repair of normative mother-toddler conflict is required for relational health; yet, we still need improved delineation of regulation strategies that can promote child cooperation. Contemporary conceptualizations of positive parenting propose that structure and autonomy support each facilitate children's optimal engagement; however, toddler studies rarely address their joint impact and conditional moderation. This observational study examined both dimensions in predicting cooperation among 106 U.S. 30-month-olds and their primarily European–American mothers during a demanding request situation. We also assessed mutuality, an indicator of mother-child relationship quality, from two situations with minimized power differentials to explore whether it moderated associations. Regression analyses confirmed the unique and additive impact of both maternal behavioral dimensions in predicting toddler cooperation and also an interaction effect such that the positive association between maternal autonomy support and toddlers’ level of cooperation was accentuated depending on the dyads’ mutuality. Results suggest that maternal structure and autonomy support may serve as effective approaches for enlisting or maintaining child cooperation during hierarchical negotiations, and that suboptimal relationship mutuality magnifies toddlers’ responses to maternal levels of autonomy support. Findings are likely relevant to parenting programs that advance mother-child relational health during the transition from infancy to early childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"45 6","pages":"670-682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/imhj.22140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging Indigenous communities in research to inform practice: The multisite implementation evaluation of Tribal home visiting","authors":"Melina Salvador,&nbsp;Tess Abrahamson-Richards,&nbsp;Kate Lyon,&nbsp;Nancy Rumbaugh Whitesell","doi":"10.1002/imhj.22139","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.22139","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Community engagement (CE) is widely acknowledged as a way to enhance the ethics, rigor, and impact of research. Additionally, CE is a demonstrated way to integrate Indigenous and colonial (western) research systems. For these reasons and others, designers of the Multi-site Implementation Evaluation of Tribal Home Visiting (MUSE) used a community-engaged approach to study the implementation of federally funded home-visiting programs across 17 Indigenous communities throughout the United States. This paper describes MUSE's community-engaged approach and its practical applications from the perspective of the MUSE study team. The paper highlights key outcomes attributable to CE, addresses barriers to CE, and details responses to these barriers and their impacts. Adding to the rich evidence base demonstrating the value of community-engaged approaches, MUSE demonstrates that in-depth CE is feasible and valuable in multisite studies done in partnership with Indigenous communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"45 6","pages":"683-704"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/imhj.22139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possibilities and power during early Head Start Home visits: Comparing family- and home visitor-opened decision-making","authors":"Christine L. Hancock","doi":"10.1002/imhj.22138","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.22138","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Decision-making by families and professionals about how to support children's development is an integral aspect of home visits. This study investigated home visit decision-making in a US program for families experiencing poverty, Early Head Start (EHS), through the following questions: What types of decisions do home visitors and families make about children's development during EHS home visits? How and to what extent do home visitors and families participate during these decisions? A convergent mixed methods research design was implemented to investigate participation through frequency counts and discourse analysis of home visit transcripts. Home visitor participants were four women, three white and one Black. Twelve families participated (12 mothers, 2 fathers). Parents identified as white (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 8), Black (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3), and multiracial (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3; Black and white). One parent was a bilingual Arabic and English speaker. A total of 66 decisions about children's development were identified, with 49 decisions initiated by home visitors and 17 initiated by families. Although families talked more and took on active roles when they initiated (i.e., opened) decisions, home visitors predominantly controlled decision-making. Quantitative and qualitative participation differed only in the beginning of family-opened decisions, and home visitors gradually took more control.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eine Entscheidung von Familien und Fachkräften darüber zu finden, wie die Entwicklung von Kindern gefördert werden soll, ist ein wesentlicher Aspekt bei Hausbesuchen. Diese Studie untersuchte die Entscheidungsfindung bei Hausbesuchen von Early Head Start, dem US-amerikanischen Programm für Familien mit Armutserfahrungen, anhand der folgenden Fragen: Welche Entscheidungen treffen Hausbesuchende und Familien bei Hausbesuchen im Rahmen von Early Head Start in Bezug auf die Entwicklung der Kinder? Wie und in welchem Ausmaß beteiligen sich die Hausbesuchenden und die Familien an diesen Entscheidungen? Es wurde ein konvergentes Mixed-Methods-Forschungsdesign angewandt, um die Beteiligung anhand von Häufigkeitszählungen und Diskursanalysen von Transkripten der Hausbesuchen zu untersuchen. Bei den Hausbesuchern handelte es sich um vier Frauen, drei weiße und eine schwarze. Zwölf Familien nahmen teil (12 Mütter, 2 Väter). Die Eltern identifizierten sich als weiß (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 8), Schwarz (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3) und gemischt ethnisch (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3; Schwarz und weiß). Ein Elternteil war zweisprachig (Arabisch und Englisch). Insgesamt wurden 66 Entscheidungen über die Entwicklung der Kinder getroffen, wobei 49 Entscheidungen von den Hausbesuchenden und 17 von den Familien initiiert wurden. Obwohl die Familien bei der Initiation (d. h. Eröffnung) von Entscheidungen mehr redeten und eine aktive Rolle übernahmen, kontrollierten überwiegend die Hausbesuchenden die Entscheidungsfindung. Quantitative und qualitative Beteiligung unterschieden sich nur zu Beginn der von den Familien eingeleiteten En","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"45 6","pages":"609-628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}