Infant Mental Health Journal最新文献

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Phenomenological research in the field of Infant Mental Health and Early Childhood (IECMH) -A mapping review 婴幼儿心理健康与幼儿期(IECMH)领域的现象学研究——综述。
IF 2 3区 心理学
Infant Mental Health Journal Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.70073
Minna Sorsa, Bente Dahl, Idun Røseth
{"title":"Phenomenological research in the field of Infant Mental Health and Early Childhood (IECMH) -A mapping review","authors":"Minna Sorsa,&nbsp;Bente Dahl,&nbsp;Idun Røseth","doi":"10.1002/imhj.70073","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Infant Mental Health and Early Childhood (IECMH) is a field of study of infants and the developing relationship and the optimal development between infants and their caregivers. Phenomenological research within the well-being of infants and caregivers has core importance in the comprehension of the subjectivity of the infant and the attachment relationship. We aimed to explore and analyze, in a mapping review, how phenomenology has been used in IECMH research. The mapping review is a rigorous and systematic approach to identify and categorize the quantity of available evidence on a particular topic. We conducted a wide systematic review, including original articles globally and without a time limit. A total of 780 records were identified, and 167 original studies were analyzed inductively with content analysis. The studies present global variation and diverse phenomenological traditions. We identified that mothers and infants are mostly studied, whereas the father and extended family perspectives have remained scarce. Many studies lacked clear grounding in phenomenological philosophy or showed inconsistencies between method and phenomenological principles, underscoring the need for philosophically and methodologically coherent research. Phenomenological insights may deepen and enrich the relationships between professionals, caregivers, and infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12821574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146012822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Birth experience partially mediates link between prenatal mental health symptoms and postpartum bonding 出生经历部分介导产前心理健康症状与产后关系的联系。
IF 2 3区 心理学
Infant Mental Health Journal Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.70074
Emily D. Barnes, Hannah L. Brown, Mei Elansary, Dawne Vogt, Varsha Kulkarni, Yael I. Nillni
{"title":"Birth experience partially mediates link between prenatal mental health symptoms and postpartum bonding","authors":"Emily D. Barnes,&nbsp;Hannah L. Brown,&nbsp;Mei Elansary,&nbsp;Dawne Vogt,&nbsp;Varsha Kulkarni,&nbsp;Yael I. Nillni","doi":"10.1002/imhj.70074","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mother–infant bonding is crucial for child development. Prenatal mental health and subjective birth experience are both predictors of postpartum bonding. The purpose of this study was to investigate how prenatal depression, anxiety, and stress were related to bonding and whether these relationships were mediated by birth experience. This prospective cohort study included a diverse sample of 108 pregnant women (38% non-Hispanic White, 37% Black, 25% another race/ethnicity) in the Northeastern United States, approximately half of whom had a mental health condition. Participants completed assessments during pregnancy and 5–7 weeks postpartum, including self-report measures of depression, generalized anxiety, perceived stress, birth experience, and postpartum bonding. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore the relationships between prenatal mental health symptoms, birth experience, and postpartum bonding. Higher levels of prenatal stress and depression symptoms predicted poorer postpartum bonding. These relationships were partially mediated by subjective birth experience. Generalized anxiety symptoms during pregnancy were not related to bonding. Results highlight the key role of the birth experience for postpartum bonding. Mental health symptoms early in pregnancy may impact subjective birth experience and postpartum bonding, suggesting that early interventions have the potential to improve maternal well-being and mother–infant bonding.</p>","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146012852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trauma-informed care in early intervention: Providers’ barriers, boundaries, and needs 早期干预中的创伤知情护理:提供者的障碍、界限和需求。
IF 2 3区 心理学
Infant Mental Health Journal Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.70075
Crystal S. Williams, Mia Chudzik, Emily E. Holden
{"title":"Trauma-informed care in early intervention: Providers’ barriers, boundaries, and needs","authors":"Crystal S. Williams,&nbsp;Mia Chudzik,&nbsp;Emily E. Holden","doi":"10.1002/imhj.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Young children who receive early intervention (EI) services are at increased likelihood of having experienced trauma, as trauma is most common in the birth-to-three age range, especially for children with disabilities. Little is known about EI services for trauma-impacted children and families. Previous research suggested that EI providers are unprepared to support trauma. Thus, we conducted qualitative interviews with 14 EI providers in one US state to understand the barriers and needs related to trauma-informed care (TIC). We organized our findings so that each theme is nested in a system from social ecological theory. The six themes included macrosystem (the system is unequipped, lack of role clarity), exosystem (providers need specific training), mesosystem (gatekeeping, family-provider dynamics), and microsystem (EI providers’ well-being and comfort). Implications include the need for a top-down approach to TIC in EI and clarification of the roles of various EI disciplines in implementing TIC.</p>","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/imhj.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The infant's lived experience of bonding and connection with their parents in a neonatal intensive care 在新生儿重症监护中,婴儿与父母的结合和联系的生活经验。
IF 2 3区 心理学
Infant Mental Health Journal Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.70069
Natalie Duffy, Leah Hickey, Karli Treyvaud, Clare Delany
{"title":"The infant's lived experience of bonding and connection with their parents in a neonatal intensive care","authors":"Natalie Duffy,&nbsp;Leah Hickey,&nbsp;Karli Treyvaud,&nbsp;Clare Delany","doi":"10.1002/imhj.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recognizing the foundational role of infant–parent relationships in supporting healthy development, this study explored the infant's lived experience of bonding and connection with their parents in the context of an Australian neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Drawing on a 360° phenomenological approach, data were gathered from a diverse set of sources including observational fieldnotes, bedside diaries, newborn behavioral observation sessions, and semi-structured interviews. Participants included seven infants, thirteen parents, and twenty-four healthcare providers, purposively sampled from a quaternary NICU. Thematic analysis revealed three interrelated themes that shaped the infant's relational world: <i>layered separation</i>, highlighting the multiple and compounding barriers to closeness; <i>missed opportunities for connection</i>, reflecting the subtle and often unintentional ways bonding was impeded; and <i>resilience-in-relationship</i>, capturing how infants and families adapt within this challenging relational landscape. The findings center the infant's <i>voice</i> and perspective, illuminating how institutional practices and interpersonal dynamics either hinder or support the formation of secure attachments. Ultimately, the study highlights the necessity of fostering a NICU environment that prioritizes the infant–parent relationship, creating space to enable emotional connection and containment, even within the complexities of critical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Control and connection: Associations between maternal behavioral control and toddler attachment patterns 控制与联系:母亲行为控制与幼儿依恋模式之间的关系。
IF 2 3区 心理学
Infant Mental Health Journal Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.70066
Nour M. Zaki, Maya A. Shehata
{"title":"Control and connection: Associations between maternal behavioral control and toddler attachment patterns","authors":"Nour M. Zaki,&nbsp;Maya A. Shehata","doi":"10.1002/imhj.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the association between the level of maternal behavioral control and toddlers’ attachment patterns, focusing on toddlers aged 12–24 months (<i>M</i> = 17.18 months, SD = 3.31). The sample consisted of 60 Egyptian mother-child dyads. Maternal behavioral control—conceptualized within the framework of Interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory (IPARTheory)—was measured using the behavioral control scale, while toddlers’ attachment patterns were assessed using Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation Procedure (SSP). Results revealed significant differences in maternal behavioral control levels in toddlers with secure and insecure attachment patterns. Specifically, higher levels of maternal behavioral control were associated with insecure-resistant attachment patterns, whereas lower levels of behavioral control were associated with secure attachment patterns. No significant difference emerged between maternal behavioral control levels in toddlers with secure and avoidant attachment patterns. The findings speak to the effects of behavioral control on toddlers’ perceptions of danger and, thus, their internal working models of the world and resulting attachment patterns. Study limitations and future directions of research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relationship between family environmental factors and infant sleep 家庭环境因素与婴儿睡眠的关系:家庭因素与婴儿睡眠。
IF 2 3区 心理学
Infant Mental Health Journal Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.70067
Niina Palm, Pirjo Pölkki, Juha Hämäläinen, Anneli Kylliäinen, Outi Saarenpää-Heikkilä, Pertti Töttö, Tiina Paunio, E. Juulia Paavonen
{"title":"Relationship between family environmental factors and infant sleep","authors":"Niina Palm,&nbsp;Pirjo Pölkki,&nbsp;Juha Hämäläinen,&nbsp;Anneli Kylliäinen,&nbsp;Outi Saarenpää-Heikkilä,&nbsp;Pertti Töttö,&nbsp;Tiina Paunio,&nbsp;E. Juulia Paavonen","doi":"10.1002/imhj.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the relationship between infant sleep and parenting style, family climate, parenting stress, and soothing methods among Finnish families. Mothers completed questionnaires before birth and when their infants were 3 and 8 months old. Initially, 1667 mothers participated, with follow-up responses from 1421 mothers and 1427 infants at 3 months and 1298 mothers and 1302 infants at 8 months. A cross-sectional data analysis was conducted using linear regression to examine the four sleep-related outcome variables, and parallel multivariable regression models were built using backward stepwise selection. Predictors were selected based on statistical significance in the pre-screening regression analyses. Models controlled for maternal age at birth, infant gender, older siblings, breastfeeding, and maternal education. The findings indicate that higher parenting stress, and active and passive physical soothing styles are associated with more problematic sleep. A higher control showed a weak association with higher sleep problem severity scores, whereas a more active recreationally oriented family climate was weakly associated with shorter sleep onset latency. This study contributes to the current body of research on children's sleeping problems and the family environment, and it would be beneficial for social and healthcare services to take these findings into account.</p>","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12778377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experienced barriers and facilitators of change in a video-feedback intervention among parents of preschool children with externalizing behaviors: A qualitative study 有外化行为的学龄前儿童家长在视频反馈干预中的经验障碍和改变促进者:一项定性研究。
IF 2 3区 心理学
Infant Mental Health Journal Pub Date : 2026-01-04 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.70064
Nina Marie Lassen, Tine Steenhoff, Ida Egmose, Bryan Cleal, Mette Skovgaard Væver
{"title":"Experienced barriers and facilitators of change in a video-feedback intervention among parents of preschool children with externalizing behaviors: A qualitative study","authors":"Nina Marie Lassen,&nbsp;Tine Steenhoff,&nbsp;Ida Egmose,&nbsp;Bryan Cleal,&nbsp;Mette Skovgaard Væver","doi":"10.1002/imhj.70064","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lack of parental sensitivity and inappropriate disciplining behaviors are known risk factors for child externalizing behavior. The Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) is an evidence-based parenting program targeting families with children aged 1–6 years. This study explores experiences of intervention-specific facilitators and barriers to change in VIPP-SD among parents of preschool-aged children with externalizing behaviors. Hereby, the study aims to enhance our understanding of elements supporting change and experienced relevance, and possibilities for future adaptations. Individual qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine mothers and two fathers living in Denmark following participation in VIPP-SD delivered by trained childcare professionals. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings demonstrate how the video feedback and the educational content were experienced as key facilitators of change, alongside the intervener's professional and relational competencies. An experienced barrier to change was an absence of recordings of challenging situations and a lack of sufficient guidance in this regard. Further it was experienced negatively that both parents were not equally involved in the intervention. These findings can guide future adaptations of VIPP-SD, clinicians delivering VIPP-SD as well as the development of parenting interventions aimed at supporting similar groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Early socioaffective programming in infants: Maternal perinatal psychosocial stress and developmental profiles in a longitudinal Argentine study 婴儿早期社会情感规划:阿根廷纵向研究中母亲围产期社会心理压力和发展概况。
IF 2 3区 心理学
Infant Mental Health Journal Pub Date : 2026-01-04 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.70061
Hernán López-Morales, Julieta Mariel Sosa, Eliana Vanesa Zamora, Macarena Verónica del Valle, María José Aguilar, Rosario Gelpi-Trudo, Eduardo Tomás Cánepa, Marcela Carolina López, Ana Faas, Sebastián Urquijo
{"title":"Early socioaffective programming in infants: Maternal perinatal psychosocial stress and developmental profiles in a longitudinal Argentine study","authors":"Hernán López-Morales,&nbsp;Julieta Mariel Sosa,&nbsp;Eliana Vanesa Zamora,&nbsp;Macarena Verónica del Valle,&nbsp;María José Aguilar,&nbsp;Rosario Gelpi-Trudo,&nbsp;Eduardo Tomás Cánepa,&nbsp;Marcela Carolina López,&nbsp;Ana Faas,&nbsp;Sebastián Urquijo","doi":"10.1002/imhj.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Maternal perinatal stress is a well-documented risk factor for adverse child outcomes, but limited evidence is available from Latin America. This study investigated associations between maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy and postpartum and infant socioaffective development at 3 months of age in Argentina. The sample included 198 mother–infant dyads recruited from two public health centers. Mothers completed standardized assessments of anxiety, depression, perceived stress, and pregnancy-specific distress during the second and third trimesters and 3 months postpartum. Infant socioemotional development and temperament were assessed at 3 months using parent-report instruments. Latent profile analysis identified three socioaffective profiles (Reactive, Moderate, Adapted). Multinomial logistic regressions showed that maternal stress—particularly during the second trimester—predicted profile membership. Higher prenatal and cumulative stress levels increased the odds of classification into the Reactive profile and decreased the likelihood of classification into the Adapted profile. These findings underscore the developmental impact of maternal stress and highlight the importance of early detection and intervention in prenatal care, especially in low- and middle-income contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What is the youngest possible age for developing posttraumatic stress disorder? A systematic literature review 患上创伤后应激障碍的最小年龄是多少?系统的文献综述。
IF 2 3区 心理学
Infant Mental Health Journal Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.70060
Michael S. Scheeringa
{"title":"What is the youngest possible age for developing posttraumatic stress disorder? A systematic literature review","authors":"Michael S. Scheeringa","doi":"10.1002/imhj.70060","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to growing awareness of post-traumatic reactions and development of treatments for young children (0–6 years), there is an increasing need for accurate assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). If the youngest children cannot manifest PTSD due to still-emerging cognitive emotional abilities, then treatments relying on those abilities may be ineffective. The objective of this review is to systematically review the literature of detailed case reports to provide guidance on the earliest possible age when the developmental capacities needed for the development of PTSD have sufficiently emerged. Literature searches were conducted in PsycInfo and PubMed databases for children who experienced trauma prior to 36 months of age. This review identified 54 cases. Six cases showed potential to fulfill diagnostic criteria of PTSD for children 6 years or younger (PTSD-6Y) if reports were taken at face value. The ages of trauma ranged from 0 to 35 months, with the youngest age of trauma at 15 months. The reports of symptoms, however, often lacked verification by details and examples, placing the potential diagnoses in doubt. Recommendations for further research are offered for more comprehensive and rigorous interviewing techniques to validate possible diagnoses of children with PTSD under 36 months of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145858276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An evaluation of “preventing expulsion in preschool”: A cognitive-behavioral, strengths-based teacher training to reduce early childhood exclusionary discipline “预防学前驱逐”的评估:认知行为,优势为基础的教师培训,以减少早期儿童排他性纪律。
IF 2 3区 心理学
Infant Mental Health Journal Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.70063
Elyse Shenberger, Katherine Zinsser
{"title":"An evaluation of “preventing expulsion in preschool”: A cognitive-behavioral, strengths-based teacher training to reduce early childhood exclusionary discipline","authors":"Elyse Shenberger,&nbsp;Katherine Zinsser","doi":"10.1002/imhj.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/imhj.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Preschoolers are excluded from early childhood education settings at alarming rates, largely for developmentally typical emotional responses. Boys, Black children, and children with disabilities are being excluded disproportionately more than their peers. In 2018, Illinois enacted legislation to limit formal expulsion; however, children are still pushed out of programs. This study evaluated Preventing Expulsion in Preschool (PEP)—a self-paced, virtual teacher training providing content on exclusion in Illinois, social-emotional development, and strategies for self-regulation in response to a child's behavior. Predominantly female, Illinois teachers of color (<i>N</i> = 41) received continuing education credit for completing the training and were evaluated pre-, post-, and 3-month-post-training to assess knowledge, attitude, skill maintenance, and changes in classroom practices. Through self-report, participants positively received the training, trauma-informed attitudes improved immediately after the training and were sustained at a 3-month follow-up, perceived stress decreased, self-care uptake increased, and prosocial classroom management techniques improved at 3-month follow-up. Though expulsion risk increased following PEP, reported exclusionary discipline and expulsion practices decreased at follow-up. These results inform policymakers that a brief, online training may reduce exclusionary discipline and is a good use of teacher time.</p>","PeriodicalId":48026,"journal":{"name":"Infant Mental Health Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145858221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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