{"title":"Suicide Exposure in Veterans and the Impact on Mental Health.","authors":"Sara Kintzle","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000997","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Veterans die by suicide at higher rates than their civilian counterparts. Given this, it is likely veterans also experience high rates of suicide exposure. <i>Aims:</i> The purpose of this study was to explore suicide exposure in veterans and its impact on mental health. <i>Method:</i> Survey data were collected from 3,188 veterans. Data were collected online using a multipronged sampling strategy. Suicide exposure, PTSD, depression, and suicide risk were measured in the survey. Odds ratios were produced through a series of bivariate logistic regressions. <i>Results:</i> Just under 60% (59.2%) of veterans reported experiencing exposure to suicide, with the majority of participants indicating multiple exposures. Veterans exposed to suicide were twice as likely to meet criteria for PTSD, depression, and suicide risk. <i>Limitations</i>: The use of convenience samples and the geographically distinct sampling area may limit the generalizability of the findings. The fact that the survey used self-reported measures, the inability to infer causality, and the severity of exposure were also limitations. <i>Conclusions:</i> Findings demonstrate veterans may be exposed to suicide at high rates and that exposure may create increased risk for negative mental health outcomes. Results have implications for risk assessment, intervention after suicide exposure as well as suicide prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"193-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cole Marvin, Michael LeDuc, Sean Mitchell, Devin Mills
{"title":"The Indirect Association Between Alcohol Use and Suicide Ideation Through Perceived Burdensomeness and Thwarted Belonging in a High-Risk USA Sample.","authors":"Cole Marvin, Michael LeDuc, Sean Mitchell, Devin Mills","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001013","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> The interpersonal theory of suicide (ITS) may explain the link between alcohol use severity and suicidal ideation (SI) through interpersonal stressors at elevated alcohol use levels. <i>Aims:</i> This study aimed to clarify the indirect effects of perceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB) in this relationship. <i>Method:</i> Cross-sectional data on SI, ITS, and alcohol use severity variables were collected via an online sample (<i>N</i> = 299) screened for lifetime suicidal thoughts or behaviors, nonsuicidal self-injury, and alcohol use. Associations were tested using linear regression with parallel mediators. <i>Results:</i> Alcohol use severity was indirectly linked to SI through the unique indirect effect of PB, and the total indirect effect of both TB and PB. <i>Limitations:</i> Limitations include the cross-sectional design and use of an online sample, which limit causal inferences and generalizability to other high-risk populations. <i>Conclusion:</i> PB and the additive indirect effect of TB and PB may explain the positive relation between alcohol use and SI; implications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12253959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steven Stack, Barbara Bowman, Mark Sinyor, Thomas Niederkrotenthaler
{"title":"Papageno Stories Predict Lower Suicide Rates - Analysis of American Feature Films, 1950-2002.","authors":"Steven Stack, Barbara Bowman, Mark Sinyor, Thomas Niederkrotenthaler","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a001012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> A majority of research concerning media impacts on suicide has focused on the harmful impacts. In contrast, the present study focuses on positive media impacts, the Papageno effect. The central hypothesis is that the higher the exposure of the public to films portraying a story of a suicidal person who ultimately recovers, the lower the suicide rate. <i>Methodology:</i> Data on suicides per 100,000 were from the US Public Health Service. Seven online film bibliographies were searched to include American films that (1) contained a person initially attempting suicide and then conquering their problems and (2) were in the top 50 at the box office. The number of such portrayals per year comprised the chief independent variable, while adjustments were made for three core theoretical constructs. <i>Results:</i> Sixty-one narratives met the inclusion criteria. An AR-1 Cochrane-Orcutt multivariate analysis showed that controlling for the other predictors, each additional exposure to a Papageno story significantly decreased the suicide rate (<i>b</i> = -.059, <i>SE</i> = .023, <i>t</i> = -2.51, <i>p</i> = .015). The full model explained 89% of the variance. <i>Limitations:</i> Only half a century was assessed. <i>Conclusion:</i> This is the first analysis linking the yearly frequency of Papageno narratives to a lower national suicide rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Niederkrotenthaler, Ella Arensman, Gregory Armstrong, Katherine Keyes, Alexandra Pitman, Benedikt Till
{"title":"Suicide Prevention in Changing Environments.","authors":"Thomas Niederkrotenthaler, Ella Arensman, Gregory Armstrong, Katherine Keyes, Alexandra Pitman, Benedikt Till","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a001007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":"46 3","pages":"123-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sean K Burr, Miao Yu, Danny Clark, Dana Alonzo, Robin E Gearing
{"title":"Digital Interventions for Suicide Prevention.","authors":"Sean K Burr, Miao Yu, Danny Clark, Dana Alonzo, Robin E Gearing","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000996","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Digital-based mobile interventions hold significant promise in preventing suicide. Although mixed, some evidence suggests these interventions are effective and capable of overcoming barriers such as cost and stigma. <i>Aim(s):</i> This review aimed to determine the effectiveness of digital interventions designed to address suicidal ideation and behaviors and the impacts of age, gender, and control group type on these outcomes. <i>Methods:</i> Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on digital suicide interventions (apps/online programs) published before January 1, 2022. Data were analyzed using a random-effects model in Stata 17. <i>Results:</i> The search identified 4,317 articles, and 16 were included. Risk of bias analysis found studies to be of low-to-moderate quality. The random-effects model indicated a small but significant effect of treatment on suicidal ideation, <i>k</i> = 16, <i>g</i> = 0.11 (95% CI: 0-0.23), <i>p</i> = .049. Subgroup analyses found the interventions to have a significant effect on adults (<i>g</i> = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.28, <i>p</i> = .01) but not adolescents. The interventions showed better effects compared to waitlist controls (<i>g</i> = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.38) but not compared to treatment as usual or active controls [χ<sup>2</sup>(2) = 29.41, <i>p</i> < .001]. <i>Limitations</i><i>:</i> Sample sizes across studies were insufficient for examining the effectiveness of digital interventions by gender. Limited studies reported on suicidal behaviors, so the impact of digital interventions on these behaviors could not be analyzed. <i>Conclusions:</i> This review found a significant effect of digital interventions for reducing suicidal ideation and highlights the importance of examining the effectiveness across subgroups.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"176-186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lena Spangenberg, Heide Glaesmer, Nina Hallensleben, Dajana Schreiber, Thomas Forkmann, Aleksa Kaurin
{"title":"Exploring Predictors of Passive Versus Active Suicidal Ideation.","authors":"Lena Spangenberg, Heide Glaesmer, Nina Hallensleben, Dajana Schreiber, Thomas Forkmann, Aleksa Kaurin","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000999","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Passive and active suicidal ideation (SI) have been shown to be co-occurring but are distinguishable constructs with presumably differential sets of predictors. <i>Aims:</i> The present analysis integrates nomothetic and idiographic analyses to unravel the relations between passive and active SI and momentary affective states in real-time data to tap several knowledge gaps. <i>Methods:</i> 54 psychiatric inpatients rated their current passive and active SI and positive as well as negative affect for six consecutive days (10 random prompts daily) using ecological momentary assessments on smartphones. Data were analyzed using group iterative multiple model estimation (GIMME). <i>Results:</i> On subgroup level, only significant contemporaneous paths emerged (with no direct paths from affect to active SI). In general, the personalized models revealed large heterogeneity. The number, direction, and strengths of individual paths differed enormously (with fewer direct paths from affect to active SI than to passive SI overall). Passive and active SI were interrelated in the majority of individual models. <i>Limitations</i>: Findings are limited by item wording, co-occurence of passive and active SI, and the short observation interval. <i>Conclusion:</i> The heterogeneous individual models potentially reflect structural and functional differences in the development and maintenance of SI.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"142-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examining the Perceptions and Attitudes of Nova Scotia's Healthcare Workers Toward Suicidal Youth and Their Families.","authors":"Matias Gay, Tracy Moniz, Talia Bond, Rachel Dorey","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000998","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background</i>: Youth suicidality presents challenges for healthcare workers, particularly in Nova Scotia, Canada, where rates exceed national averages. Professional confidence, comfort, and anxiety in managing suicidal youth may be associated with training and education. <i>Aims:</i> This study examined associations between healthcare workers' educational backgrounds, their mental health training, and their perceptions, attitudes, and emotional responses when working with suicidal youth. <i>Method:</i> A cross-sectional survey of 123 healthcare workers in Nova Scotia assessed demographics, training, and clinical responses. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations, <i>t</i>-tests, and regression analyses (adjusting for experience) examined associations between training, confidence, comfort, and anxiety. <i>Results:</i> Participants reported moderate confidence (<i>M</i> = 3.7, <i>SD</i> = 0.9) and comfort (<i>M</i> = 3.7, <i>SD</i> = 0.9), with higher anxiety (<i>M</i> = 3.0, <i>SD</i> = 1.0), particularly in family-related contexts (<i>M</i> = 3.5, <i>SD</i> = 1.1). General training was associated with greater confidence and comfort but not significantly with anxiety. Specialized training (e.g., mental health degrees) was associated with lower anxiety and reduced avoidance of suicidal youth and families. <i>Limitations</i>: The cross-sectional design, self-report measures, and purposive sampling limit causal inference and generalizability. <i>Conclusion:</i> Findings suggest training type relates to professional responses, highlighting the need for further research on tailored educational interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"132-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruby Rose Jarvis, Agatha Anet Alves, Kangning Zheng, Monica Hawley, Amanada Marchant, Keith Hawton, Ann John, Alexandra Pitman
{"title":"Development of the PRINTQUAL-Web Tool for Assessing the Quality of Online News Reporting of Suicide.","authors":"Ruby Rose Jarvis, Agatha Anet Alves, Kangning Zheng, Monica Hawley, Amanada Marchant, Keith Hawton, Ann John, Alexandra Pitman","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001005","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Suicide prevention strategies internationally recommend promoting responsible media reporting of suicide to reduce negative impacts on population suicides. Existing tools to assess the quality of suicide reporting do not capture specific harmful features of the online setting. We aimed to adapt PRINTQUAL, a tool for assessing newspaper reporting of suicide, for online news reports. <i>Methods:</i> We identified all online news reports about the 2020 suicide of a British female television celebrity over a 14-month period and used content analysis to identify features of poor-quality and good-quality reporting based on media guidelines on suicide reporting. We gained expert consensus on items to include negative/poor-quality and positive/good-quality subscales for the new tool: PRINTQUAL-web. Weightings were calculated using an expert judgement ranking exercise. <i>Results:</i> Content analysis of 342 online articles published from 15/02/20 to 05/04/21 identified 18 items for a proposed negative/poor-quality subscale and four items for a positive/good-quality subscale, gaining consensus on inclusion/exclusion and weightings, and rescaling scores for easier interpretation. <i>Limitations:</i> PRINTQUAL-web does not account for article prominence or quantitative reach (e.g., views or circulation) and relies on a binary agree/disagree rating which may not capture nuance. <i>Conclusions:</i> The PRINTQUAL-web and PRINTQUAL tools assess the quality of online and print reporting of suicide, respectively, with rescaling permitting score comparisons across different corpora of reporting.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"166-175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12327013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jongseung Park, Seunghyun Lee, Heekyun Park, Jaehoon Jung
{"title":"The Direct and Indirect Effects of School and Parental Factors on Suicidality in South Korean Adolescents.","authors":"Jongseung Park, Seunghyun Lee, Heekyun Park, Jaehoon Jung","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001000","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Adolescent suicide is a growing social issue in South Korea, exacerbated by a decreasing adolescent population and rising suicide attempt rates. <i>Aims:</i> This study investigates the direct effects of school and parental factors on suicidality in South Korean adolescents and their indirect effects through psychological factors. <i>Method:</i> Using data from 4,650 adolescents who participated in the 2021 Survey on the Mental Health of Teenagers, this study set school factors as school attachment, teacher attachment, and peer attachment; parental factors as parental neglect, interference, and abuse; and psychological factors as depression, anxiety, and strain. Structural equation modeling was used for analysis. <i>Results:</i> School and parental factors had no direct impact on suicidality. However, weak school attachments and negative parental behaviors increased psychological distress, indirectly raising suicidality among adolescents. <i>Limitations</i>: This study could not use all the factors mentioned in the social bonding theory and general strain theory as factors affecting suicidality in the analysis, and the findings are limited to cross-sectional data. <i>Conclusion:</i> This study highlights the importance of addressing school, parental, and psychological factors in adolescent suicide. Government, schools, and families must collaborate to improve adolescent mental health through prevention policies, counseling, stress-relief programs, and enhanced communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"149-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Denise Kingi-Ulu'ave, Chris Framptom, Tania Cargo, Karolina Stasiak, Sarah Hetrick
{"title":"Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Post-Training Enhancement to the LifeKeepers Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training.","authors":"Denise Kingi-Ulu'ave, Chris Framptom, Tania Cargo, Karolina Stasiak, Sarah Hetrick","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001001","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background</i>: Gatekeeper training (GKT) programs improve knowledge and self-efficacy in suicide prevention, but the sustainability of these improvements is uncertain. While booster sessions are suggested to enhance retention, existing research is inconclusive. <i>Aim:</i> This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of booster sessions in the LifeKeepers GKT program for maintaining long-term knowledge and self-efficacy at 6 months post-training. <i>Method:</i> A total of 1,732 participants who had completed LifeKeepers GKT were randomly assigned to one of three trial groups, an intervention (booster), control (training as usual), or attention control group. Participants completed measures of knowledge and self-efficacy at 3, 6, and 12 months and reported their frequency of interventions and referrals at 3 and 6 months. <i>Results:</i> No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of knowledge retention, self-efficacy, or behavior change at any follow-up point. However, sustained improvements were observed across all groups. <i>Limitations</i>: Ceiling effects and attrition may have influenced the findings. <i>Conclusion:</i> Booster sessions did not significantly enhance knowledge, self-efficacy, or behavior outcomes. All groups demonstrated sustained improvements, but ceiling effects and attrition caution against overinterpreting the findings. Further research is needed to explore effective strategies for long-term retention.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"157-165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}