Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Informing Data-Based Suicide Prevention - Evaluation of the Real-Time Suicide Observatory in Cork and Kerry.","authors":"Karl Andriessen, Georgia Dempster, Angela Clapperton, Maria Ftanou, Phillip Cheuk Fung Law, Gemma Cox, Katerina Kavalidou, Ella Arensman, Eve Griffin, Lay San Too","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001071","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> The Suicide Observatory in Cork and Kerry was established to address the urgent need for real-time suicide data in Ireland to enable timely suicide prevention. This study aimed to assess the performance and efficiency of the Suicide Observatory to inform decisions about its upscaling and wider implementation. We designed a mixed-methods approach and used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention evaluation guidelines to assess key attributes of the Observatory: sensitivity, positive predictive value, data quality, timeliness, simplicity, accessibility, acceptability, and the overall usefulness. We compared data obtained from an audit of the Observatory for 2019-2020 with coroner-determined suicide cases and national suicide mortality data, and conducted semistructured interviews with stakeholders. We found that the Suicide Observatory in Cork shows a high level of data quality (sensitivity: 83.72%; 95% CI = 74.20%-90.80%), positive predictive value: 75.79% (95% CI = 74.04%-77.46%), data missingness: <2%). It applied a fortnightly case submission interval, and participants generally regarded the data collection as straightforward. The Suicide Observatory data were made available to stakeholders and decision makers. Participants reported strong acceptability, primarily due to its simplicity and accessibility. The overall usefulness of the Suicide Observatory was considered to be high as it improved the understanding of the suicide demography in the regions and enabled timely suicide prevention initiatives and support for affected communities. It was concluded that the Suicide Observatory has high levels of performance and efficiency and has been crucial for timely suicide prevention. The findings support its wider implementation in Ireland.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"329-337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The State of Suicide Prevention Training Research.","authors":"Julie Guindon, Charles-Édouard Notredame, Sasha MacNeil, Yuelin Zhang, Michelle Cai, Shutong Yu, Michel Spodenkiewicz, Claire Adams, Maria Michail, Jill Boruff, Nathalie Maltais, Steven Shaw, Rachel Langevin, Monique Séguin, Mark Sinyor, Marie-Claude Geoffroy","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001072","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Objectives:</i> This scoping review maps peer-reviewed evaluations of suicide prevention trainings by mapping study (e.g., design, geographic location) and training characteristics (e.g., content, duration, modality, pedagogical methods, populations), and outcomes assessed using Kirkpatrick's four-level evaluation model (Level 1: reaction; Level 2: learning; Level 3: behavior change; Level 4: results). <i>Methods:</i> Systematic searches in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL (2014-2024) identified peer-reviewed studies published in English or French that quantitatively examined suicide prevention training outcomes. Reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts and full texts, with conflicts resolved by consensus. Study and training characteristics were charted using a structured guide. Outcomes were categorized using Kirkpatrick's four-level model, and descriptive statistics were used to summarize data. We followed the framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley and adhered to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. <i>Results:</i> Across 11,312 screened records, 326 studies met inclusion criteria, with most conducted in high-income countries (91%) and relying on nonrandomized designs (79%). Trainings were primarily delivered in-person (61%), brief (≤4 h; 53%), targeted clinicians (58%), and focused on supporting clinical populations (37%). Outcomes most frequently assessed Level 2 variables (e.g., knowledge, attitudes, skills; 88%), whereas far fewer studies measured level 3 (29%) or level 4 outcomes (9%), such as increased use of skills in real-world practice or reduced suicide-related distress. <i>Conclusion:</i> Suicide prevention trainings are widely implemented, and although many studies have attempted to evaluate their outcomes, this review identifies major gaps in geographic representation, study design, and outcome measurement. Future research should prioritize higher-level outcomes, with longer-term follow-up and evaluations conducted across diverse contexts to strengthen the evidence base and inform implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"338-350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148913860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Media Reporting About Sites Frequently Used for Suicide.","authors":"Phillip C F Law, Matthew J Spittal, Lay San Too, Jane Pirkis, Angela J Clapperton","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001034","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background and Aims:</i> Exposure to media reporting on suicide leads to imitative suicide. This effect remains unexplored for frequently used sites, which this study will examine. <i>Method</i>: Data on 497 Australian newspaper articles on suicide that mentioned any of the top six most frequently used sites were retrieved between 2008 and 2017. The data were combined with national suicide data occurring during the same period, by determining the number of suicides occurring at the same sites that were reported in selected weeks pre- and post-article. <i>Results:</i> Articles on suicide that mentioned frequently used sites were associated with a greater risk of suicide imitation at those same sites. A greater risk of imitation was associated with articles that reported the suicide method, suicide statistics and prevention initiatives, and published in the inside pages of a newspaper. A reduction in suicide was associated with articles that focused on a suicide death, reported the deceased being well-known, and reported on interviews with the bereaved. <i>Limitations</i>: Data were collected from text-based transcripts without imagery and excluded other traditional media (e.g., television). <i>Conclusion:</i> This study identified elements of media reporting on suicide at frequently used sites that were associated with increases and decreases in subsequent suicides at such sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"295-303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145543252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Perspectives of People With Lived Experience of Suicide On Signs Designed to Encourage Help-Seeking.","authors":"Georgia Dempster, Jane Pirkis, Angela Nicholas, Phillip Law, Maria Ftanou, Anna Brooks, Angela Clapperton","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001041","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Signage designed to encourage help-seeking is a suicide prevention intervention used at public sites where suicides occur. <i>Aims:</i> We aimed to investigate the perspectives of people with lived experience of suicide on signs that are designed to encourage help-seeking. <i>Method:</i> We conducted a qualitative study using semistructured interviews undertaken in Melbourne, Australia, during April 2021. We showed participants photos of existing Lifeline (Australia's largest national crisis support line) signage used at public sites that are known for suicide and asked for their feedback. We used a deductive coding approach, guided by the interview topics and study aims. <i>Results:</i> We interviewed 12 participants, and most had previously seen such signs and could recollect elements of these. Participants considered that empathetic and uncomplicated messaging was important and viewed Lifeline branding favorably. Signs that participants perceived as unhelpful were those that contain multiple or unclear messaging, or messaging considered patronizing. The use of the word <i>crisis</i> was also viewed unfavorably by some. <i>Limitations:</i> Study limitations include our small sample size and our broad definition of lived experience. <i>Conclusion:</i> Our results may be of use to organizations looking to create or update signs. Future signs should be codesigned with people with lived experience of suicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"313-322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent Insomnia and Suicidal Ideation and Behavior as Psychiatric Adverse Effects of Clozapine Versus Other Atypical Antipsychotics.","authors":"Madelyn Granat, William V McCall, Brian J Miller","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001068","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Clozapine is associated with decreased insomnia and suicidal ideation and behavior (SIB), both of which are prevalent in psychiatric disorders. <i>Aims:</i> To consider effects on insomnia underlying the antisuicidal properties of clozapine, we investigated the reported odds of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and/or suicide death with and without concurrent insomnia as spontaneously reported psychiatric adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in adults using clozapine compared to other second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. <i>Methods:</i> We searched the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System from inception through September 2024 for which an SGA used for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder was the suspected agent of a psychiatric ADR. <i>Results:</i> Compared to clozapine, the unadjusted reported odds of concurrent insomnia and suicidal ideation <i>(rOR</i>s = 1.39-3.44) were significantly increased for all other SGAs. Similarly, compared to clozapine, the unadjusted reported odds of concurrent insomnia and suicide attempt/death (<i>rOR</i>s = 2.32-4.76) were significantly increased for all other SGAs. Controlling for age and sex did not change the pattern of findings. Our findings are consistent with existing evidence for decreased insomnia and SIB in individuals taking clozapine for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. <i>Limitations:</i> Rigorous longitudinal studies with established measures of sleep and suicide are warranted to investigate this mechanism. <i>Conclusion:</i> Compared to clozapine, all other SGAs were associated with increased reported odds of concurrent insomnia SIB. Findings provide additional evidence for improved sleep as a potential pathway underlying the antisuicidal properties of clozapine.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"323-328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148449992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Quality of Suicide-Related Stories Generated by Large Language Models.","authors":"Mark Sinyor, Prudence Chan, Vera Yu Men, Eileen Danaee, Samantha G Mason, Benedikt Till, Jo Robinson, Jane Pirkis, Ayal Schaffer, Rosalie Steinberg, Rachel H B Mitchell, Thomas Niederkrotenthaler","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a001069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Suicide-related media is known to influence suicide rates. Large language models (LLMs), a form of generative artificial intelligence (AI), are increasingly being used as a writing tool. However, the quality of LLM-generated suicide-related content has yet to be assessed. <i>Aims:</i> We aimed to examine suicide-related outputs from three LLMs (GPT-4, Grok, ERNIE) to characterize output quality. <i>Methods:</i> We provided the LLMs with 11 prompts to write different types of suicide-related content common in public media, each in five writing/content styles (broadsheet news report, tabloid news report, adult fiction, teen fiction, social media influencer). We used 3 × 2 chi square tests to compare characteristics of the outputs particularly related to adherence to responsible media guidelines for suicide reporting and overarching narratives. <i>Results:</i> AI outputs were generated from March 12 to July 11, 2024. A total of 147, 263, and 143 responses from GPT-4, Grok, and ERNIE were analyzed, respectively. Willingness to respond to suicide-related prompts and narrative content varied substantially across the three LLMs, with Grok producing more responses than the other two (GPT-4 = 53%, Grok = 96%, ERNIE = 52%). GPT-4 was more likely to generate emotionally supportive and antistigma messaging. Grok more frequently included harmful details such as suicide methods and romanticized portrayals. ERNIE emphasized male suicide, social support, and societal/community solutions. The proportion of outputs communicating stories of hope and recovery from a suicide crisis was both relatively low and consistent across the LLMs (16-22%). <i>Limitations:</i> This study examined specific prompts posed to three specific LLMs during a single epoch of time. <i>Conclusions:</i> LLMs produce a variety of suicide-related story content when prompted. Some stories, particularly those generated by Grok, were inconsistent with responsible media guidelines and only a minority of stories focused on hope and recovery. Engagement with AI companies to promote safer and more accurate suicide-related content is warranted as the use of LLMs continues to expand.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who Do Service Members and Veterans Tell? Patterns of Disclosing Suicidal Thoughts Prior to Firearm Suicide Death.","authors":"Allison E Bond, Kati Tanguay, Samantha E Daruwala, Jayna Moceri-Brooks, Michael D Anestis","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001067","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> US service members and Veterans are at elevated risk for firearm suicide. Understanding to whom they disclose suicidal thoughts and/or plans is important to inform suicide prevention efforts. <i>Aims:</i> To better understand the extent to which military and Veteran firearm suicide decedents disclose their suicidal thoughts to others as well as how disclosure differ by sex and race. <i>Methods:</i> This study uses a subset of data from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) to better understand frequency of disclosure of suicidal thoughts and/or plans among military service members and Veterans who died by firearm suicide, and explore which sources were disclosed to. <i>Results:</i> A total of 28,600 individuals with a history of military service died by firearm suicide from 2013 to 2021, and 21.2% disclosed suicidal thoughts and/or plans in the month prior to their death. The most common disclosure source was a family member (30.5%). <i>Limitations:</i> Limitations include missing data and an inability to distinguish between those with current and former military status. <i>Conclusions:</i> Findings suggest that the majority of military and Veteran firearm suicide decedents do not disclose suicidal thoughts in the month prior to their death. Those who do make disclosures tend to choose nonprofessional sources. Given this, community-based primary suicide prevention efforts may be key in helping reduce firearm suicide risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148406357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing Campaigns Toward Veterans at Risk for Suicide Following Separation From Military Service.","authors":"Elizabeth Karras, Chaady K Radwan, Nora Arriola, Janet McCarten, Karen Besterman-Dahan, Tracy A Stecker","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001056","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Veterans separating from military service are at disproportionate risk for suicide underscoring the need for strategies to increase treatment seeking among this group. Public health campaigns are a popular community-level strategy used to facilitate help seeking in veteran populations. Yet current knowledge of what types of messages effectively change related behaviors among at-risk veterans is extremely limited. <i>Aims:</i> The primary objective of this study was to identify feasible, acceptable public messages that increase the likelihood for treatment seeking among at-risk veterans surrounding military separation. <i>Method:</i> Semistructured telephone interviews (<i>N</i> = 21) were conducted with at-risk veterans recently separated from the military from July 2021 to July 2022. The interview guide examined the mechanisms of persuasive communication. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a constant comparison analytic strategy. <i>Results:</i> Acceptable suicide prevention messages involved authentic veteran stories of seeking help to better navigate life stressors experienced during transition. Messages were believed to be particularly effective if framed to support the veteran in making informed decisions about their own health. Possible adverse responses were also reported. <i>Limitations:</i> Findings are subject to several biases inherent to qualitative methods and are not generalizable to the larger targeted population. <i>Conclusion:</i> This study points to promising messaging areas as well as potential obstacles for effectively promoting help seeking during separation from military service.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"243-251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Early Implementation of the Media-Led Suicide Content Guidelines.","authors":"Mediha Mahmood, Sean Chern Choong Thum, Ravivarma Rao Panirselvam, Yin Ping Ng, Amalia Binti Mohd Suhaimi, Chiara Francine Petrus, Lai Fong Chan","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a001048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> This document outlines Malaysia's development and national launch of the <i>Guidelines for Ethical Reporting and Sharing of Suicide-Related Content</i>, a first-of-its-kind media-lead initiative at the national policy level with a strong lived experience representation in a low- and middle-income setting aimed at improving suicide-related communication across traditional and digital media. Spearheaded by the Communications and Multimedia Content Forum of Malaysia (Content Forum) under the Ministry of Ministry of Communications and in collaboration with the National Centre of Excellence for Mental Health, (NCEMH) under the Ministry of Health, the guidelines were codeveloped through a multistakeholder working group involving media professionals within an environment that showed interest in responsible reporting and sharing of suicide-related content, mental health experts, individuals with lived experience, media environment showed interest in responsible reporting, civil society, and government representatives. This paper highlights the uniqueness of the Malaysian guidelines which included guidance on how to make a statement of death by officials, reporting in multifaith communities and a Malay, national language version. Successful strategies included engaging media as cocreators, embedding lived experience, and maintaining institutional support without losing industry leadership. Ongoing challenges such as limited reach beyond member organizations and the absence of real-time content monitoring were outlined. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for others aiming to develop similar content guidelines in low- and middle-income settings, and reflects on how soft law and self-regulation, when grounded in trust and collaboration, can drive meaningful public health outcomes in the digital age.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":"47 4","pages":"272-278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations in Crisis Line Interventions.","authors":"Gisell Castillo, Gil Angela Dela Cruz, Joe Lebbos, Emilio Fabiano Toala, Fatima Ahmad, Mackenzie Earle, Reena Besa, Anne Kirvan, Cheryl Pereira, Allison Crawford","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001063","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a001063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Crisis lines provide evidence-based suicide prevention support that often involves active listening, safety assessment, collaborative problem solving, and sharing resources (care as usual). Many crisis lines are also innovating by providing additional interventions to support service users. <i>Aims</i>: We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature to understand what crisis line interventions are currently used beyond usual care and which have been evaluated. <i>Methods:</i> We worked with a librarian to develop a comprehensive search strategy applied across six databases (PsycInfo, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, and Web of Science). Results were screened by pairs of analysts. Data from eligible sources were extracted using a standardized form and synthesized by type of intervention. <i>Results:</i> We identified 42 relevant studies describing crisis line interventions other than care as usual. Of these, seven evaluated the intervention and four found support for the evaluated intervention. There are single-study evidence in support of: applied suicide intervention skills training (ASIST); a structured safety planning intervention; artificial intelligence (AI) to support messaging; and a crisis line-specific risk assessment scale developed in Beijing. The remaining studies described a variety of interventions including triaging, managing, and de-escalating crises; structured or standardized suicide risk assessment and safety planning; care coordination; and supporting responders using AI. However, these interventions were not formally assessed. <i>Limitations:</i> Variability in how interventions are described, operationalized, delivered, and evaluated limits comparisons across studies. <i>Conclusion:</i> Crisis lines continue to explore ways to meet the needs of the people they serve. However, many approaches have not been formally evaluated. More research and evaluation are needed in real-life contexts where information can be triangulated from various data sources (e.g., crisis line data, responder feedback, user experiences) to evaluate the impact and meaning of a given intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"279-292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}