{"title":"How does outward FDI in developed economies affect the R&D of emerging economy firms? An attention-based view","authors":"En Xie , Jiaxin Lin , Honghui Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Internal R&D and outward foreign direct investment in developed economies (OFDI-in-DE) are recognized as two important elements for emerging economy firms (EEFs) attempting to innovate. However, it is less clear whether these elements act as complements or substitutes to each other. Building on the attention-based view, we explore how OFDI-in-DE affects internal R&D in terms of input scale and output efficiency. Using a longitudinal sample of Chinese listed firms from 2006 to 2018, we find that OFDI-in-DE not only leads to a reduction in EEFs' R&D investment, but also weakens the positive effect of the investment on firms' innovation performance, measured by the number of patent applications filed during a specific period. This suggests that EEFs' OFDI-in-DE substitutes for internal R&D investments in both scale and efficiency aspects. Our results also show that these effects vary depending on market competition and organizational slack. Specifically, the substitution effects become stronger in EEFs operating in highly competitive industries, but weaker in those with ample organizational slack. Our study sheds light on the interrelation between internal R&D and OFDI-in-DE activities for EEFs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 1","pages":"Article 101217"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143223547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jase R. Ramsey , Melanie P. Lorenz , Steven M. Farmer , Jintong Tang
{"title":"The experience dilemma: A nonlinear exploration of antecedents to entrepreneurial alertness","authors":"Jase R. Ramsey , Melanie P. Lorenz , Steven M. Farmer , Jintong Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although it seems instinctual for individuals to leverage their international experience and time in assignment to enhance their entrepreneurial alertness (EA), we present an admonition of such strategies. Data from 210 expatriates reveal the nonlinear effects of these predictors on EA. Although some international experience and time in assignment heighten EA, too much of it has a diminished marginal effect (negative squared term). Based on the antecedents-benefits-costs (ABC) framework, these findings refute a simple linear view of the effects of international experience and time in assignment while providing pivotal theoretical and practical implications. Finally, these relationships are impacted by the perceived institutional distance between the home and host countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 1","pages":"Article 101218"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143223315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William H.A. Johnson , Longzhu Dong , Ming Li (Lily) , Vas Taras
{"title":"Transcending conflict in global virtual teams: Multi-level effects of cultural intelligence and perceptions of conflict on subjective and objective outcomes","authors":"William H.A. Johnson , Longzhu Dong , Ming Li (Lily) , Vas Taras","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We employ a multilevel Input-Mediator-Output (I-M-O) analytical approach to study cultural intelligence (CQ) as an input variable that reduces team conflict frequency and asymmetry in individual conflict perception, acting as mediators and, consequently, influences global virtual team (GVT) outcomes. The GVT outcomes were measured as objective performance at the team level and subjective outcomes at the individual level. Utilizing 1592 GVTs (consisting of 7029 individuals), we test the effects of CQ on three types of conflict (task, relationship, and process conflicts) and GVT outcomes at both the team and individual levels <em>simultaneously</em>. Results demonstrate that CQ affects team performance outcomes (viz., the team report's quality and creativity as objectively evaluated by outsider reviewers) and subjective outcomes (viz., enjoyment and satisfaction) indirectly via team conflict reduction. At the individual level, CQ affected subjective outcomes indirectly via reducing members' conflict perceptions. The three conflict types influenced GVT outcomes differently, with task conflict exerting a positive effect on team performance and the other two a negative effect. Overall, the study highlights the nuances of the CQ-Conflict-GVT performance relationships and contributes towards better managing GVT's performance-related outcomes simultaneously at the individual and team CQ levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 1","pages":"Article 101219"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143223565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katja Wehrle , Hans van Dijk , Betina Szkudlarek , Alexander Newman
{"title":"Effective strategies for humanitarian migrants' employment, inclusion and integration – The role of international management","authors":"Katja Wehrle , Hans van Dijk , Betina Szkudlarek , Alexander Newman","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Employment constitutes one of the main predictors for humanitarian migrants' positive integration into a receiving country. With the estimates of global humanitarian migrant populations being at a record high, International Management faces the pressing need to deal with issues relating to humanitarian migrants' employment, inclusion and integration. Yet, forced migration and displacement have been studied largely in isolation from International Management research and practice. In this editorial, we describe the circumstances that have stimulated this special issue regarding the role of International Management in the employment, inclusion and integration of humanitarian migrants. Specifically, we outline why we consider forced migration and displacement as an International Management task, offer insights into effective strategies for humanitarian migrants' employment, inclusion and integration and highlight the need to carefully reflect on the migration discourse, the migration terminology, and certain present integration and resettlement practices. We conclude with a reflection on how this special issue contributes to advancing International Management research, highlighting future research avenues and informing practice and policy on how to foster the labour market integration of humanitarian migrants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 1","pages":"Article 101207"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143223549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of changes in political affinity on opportunism in global supply chain: The moderating role of national culture","authors":"Tao Wang , Zhongyi Han , Zhiwen Fan , Yu Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Opportunism has long-term negative consequences for global supply chains. While the extant research has traditionally focused on market and institution environment in shaping opportunistic behavior, it has overlooked the bilateral political environment where global supply chain operations are embedded. This study aims to bridge the gap by focusing on the potential influence of changes in political affinity between countries. Drawing on resource dependence theory and legitimacy-based view, this study examines how changes (both positive and negative) in political affinity affect opportunism, as well as, the moderating role of national cultures (uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation). Using a survey dataset of 381 Chinese firms at two time points and two secondary datasets, this study finds that positive changes in political affinity decrease opportunism, especially when partners are located in a country with high uncertainty avoidance. Moreover, negative changes in political affinity are found to have a U-shape effect on opportunism, which can be strengthened by long-term orientation culture. Our findings offer important implications for academic research and managerial practice by providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of changes in political affinity on opportunism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 1","pages":"Article 101206"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143223548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing the impact of brexit on UK-based inventor teams' connectivity","authors":"Julianne Sellin , Vaibhav Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contemporary events have challenged the idea of an inevitable rise in connectivity. Economic, geopolitical, and regulatory disruptions have led scholars and practitioners to consider the potential implications that a loss of global mobility and connectedness has on the potential for knowledge creation. Although key to this process, the notion of connectivity has seldom been studied along with disruptions. To fill in this gap, this paper intends to investigate the impact of an unprecedented regulatory shock - the 2016 United Kingdom European Union (EU) membership referendum - on UK-based inventor teams' knowledge connectivity. There is considerable literature documenting a negative relationship between the uncertainty generated by disruptions and innovation. We add a complementary and potentially ameliorating effect whereby disruptions increase knowledge connectivity. We review the evidence for the former and discuss potential mechanisms behind the latter. Relying on patent application data from 2009 to 2022, we observe an overall increase in connectivity for teams with at least one inventor based out of the UK after the referendum. Our analysis also suggests an internationalization of UK teams taking precedence over what may have been a more regional focus. We discuss the immediate, and potential long-term implications of this dynamic for UK innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"30 6","pages":"Article 101202"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unpacking coopetition in international strategic alliances: Dimensions, contingencies, and structures","authors":"Qiuhao Xie , Pei Ma , Ying Gao , Shuibo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Further progress in coopetition research is currently impeded by three ongoing problems in the literature: (a) conceptual ambiguity surrounding the coopetition construct; (b) an insufficient understanding of contingency factors; and (c) a lack of consideration of the potential variations in coopetition structures. In the specific context of international strategic alliances (ISAs), these unresolved issues have increased confusion regarding coopetition–joint performance relationship. To address these interrelated issues, this study unpacks coopetition in the ISA context into coopetition intensity and coopetition balance, examines the contingent role of trust in coopetition–joint performance relationship, and provides a nuanced analysis of coopetition structures. Based on a sample of 172 ISAs, we find that both coopetition intensity and balance independently exert positive effects on ISA joint performance outcomes. Moreover, simultaneously high levels of coopetition intensity and balance yield synergistic benefits. The results of the moderating effects indicate that goodwill trust weakens the positive effect of coopetition balance on joint performance, while competence trust strengthens this positive effect. Compared to a horizontal structure, the moderating effects of trust on the relationship between coopetition balance and joint performance are stronger in a vertical structure. This study therefore provides novel results; specifically, it indicates how coopetition manifests and how parties in ISAs jointly benefit or suffer from coopetition activities, offering fresh insights into managing coopetition in ISAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"30 6","pages":"Article 101201"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stability of international joint ventures: When experience and age overshadow host country risk","authors":"Hamza Aib","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines how host country risk affects the stability of international joint ventures (IJVs). Besides, it examines the moderating impact of experience in the host country and age of the IJV on the association between country risk and IJV stability. We use transaction cost economics (TCE) to hypothesize a detrimental impact of host country risk and IJV stability. Additionally, we integrate TCE and knowledge-based theory (KBT) to develop the hypotheses suggesting that the negative association between country risk and IJV stability is moderated by experience in the IJV's host country and the age of the IJV. Using a dataset on 140 IJVs established between French and cross-border partners, and employing event history analysis to assess IJV stability over time, we find that host country risk has a detrimental impact on IJV stability. Furthermore, we find that the degree of experience possession in IJV's host country and the age of the IJV moderate the negative association between host country risk and IJV stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"30 6","pages":"Article 101205"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The evolution of the ability to effectively innovate in a transnational organization – A configurational analysis","authors":"Samantha Macro , Ursula F. Ott","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transformation of transnational organizations coincides with the innovation ability and is based on the evolutionary changes in MNEs. The phenomenon of interest is investigated with a qualitative study through interviews with senior directors of a pharmaceutical MNE in both headquarters and subsidiaries supplemented with company data and information. A configurational analysis using fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) transfers the antecedent and outcome conditions into equifinal paths. The ability to innovate effectively is a function of the complexity of organization, complexity of science in light of local responsiveness. The findings contribute to enlarging the transnational theory regarding the ability to innovate effectively and the reconfiguration to a neomultidomestic archetype. The transnational organization with its evolutionary developments and re-configurations is the driver for worldwide innovation in an uncertain environment and with the challenges of new drug development a vehicle for innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. The study is important because it provides access to one of the leading pharmaceutical companies investigating its evolution and reconfiguration to adapt to new challenges in an ever-changing international business and scientific environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"30 6","pages":"Article 101200"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sílvio Luís De Vasconcellos , Ronaldo Couto Parente , Andreas P.J. Schotter , Ivan Lapuente Garrido , Cláudio Reis Gonçalo
{"title":"Organizational creativity: A microfoundation of the international business competence and performance link","authors":"Sílvio Luís De Vasconcellos , Ronaldo Couto Parente , Andreas P.J. Schotter , Ivan Lapuente Garrido , Cláudio Reis Gonçalo","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2024.101203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the role of organizational creativity as a microfoundation underlying international business competence (IBC) and its impact on international performance in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Based on recent studies emphasizing the importance of creativity as an antecedent of valuable capabilities, we develop a model showing how organizational creativity manifests itself in diverse nuances in the connection between individual and organizational levels. We test our model with data from SMEs using established scales for organizational creativity and IBC. Our results demonstrate the role of organizational creativity as a nuanced, significant driver for developing IBC and that fostering a creative organizational environment that facilitates transforming individual creativity into an organizational resource leads to superior international performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"30 6","pages":"Article 101203"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}