{"title":"Role enactment of international human resource managers during the COVID-19 pandemic: New crisis management insights","authors":"Susan McGrath-Champ , Mihajla Gavin , Anthony Fee","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>International human resource (IHR) managers, those who manage expatriates, are vital to ensuring the well-being of expatriates and protecting organizational interests during crises. While researchers have developed normative frameworks describing the roles they enact during ‘typical’ crises, we examine enactment of their roles during the extreme crisis for global mobility created by the COVID-19 pandemic, extending theory on international human resource management (IHRM) responses to international crises. Grounded in role theory and based on interviews with IHR experts, this study provides theoretical and empirical insights into role enactment during crises, showing role prioritization shaped by exogenous crisis conditions, as well as heightened strategic role enactment and profile of the IHR function in crisis responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 101262"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identity work in longstanding subsidiaries during crisis: reinforcing, preserving and reconstructing subsidiary identity","authors":"Henry Lopez-Vega , Fredrik Tell , Edward Gillmore","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During a national crisis, longstanding subsidiaries' roles are placed under considerable pressure. At the same time, the connotation of longstanding subsidiaries implies that they have existed for a significant period of time, during which they would have developed legacies and identities related to these roles. However, there is limited understanding on how longstanding subsidiaries work with their legacies and identities to influence their roles in the MNE or in the local environment. This study examines how longstanding subsidiaries of Swedish MNEs in Brazil engage in identity work during an economic crisis. Drawing on a comparative case study of 16 competence-exploring and competence-exploiting subsidiaries, the findings reveal three distinct foci of identity work: reinforcing, preserving, and reconstructing. The study contributes to the emerging literature on subsidiary identity work by demonstrating how identity work relates to subsidiary roles over time. It also contributes to subsidiary evolution research by revealing how longstanding subsidiaries manage legacy in response to environmental turbulence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 101259"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Building resilience amidst geopolitical tensions: The case of U.S. MNE subsidiaries in China","authors":"Jiang Yu , Yuanxin Fang , Yutong Bai , Feng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how foreign subsidiaries build resilience amid home-host geopolitical tensions. Drawing on resilience and geopolitical risk management literature, we conduct an in-depth qualitative analysis of four U.S. MNE subsidiaries in China. Building on our findings, we propose a model of subsidiary resilience as a capability-building process that unfolds across three stages: before, during, and after geopolitical disruptions. Our results reveal two distinct resilience trajectories. Subsidiaries that exhibit a transformative resilience cycle engage in promotive resistance before disruption, followed by proactive adaptation during disruption and deep-level learning afterward, enabling them to ‘bounce forward’ to a stronger state. In contrast, subsidiaries following a stabilizing resilience cycle adopt defensive resistance, reactive adaptation, and surface-level learning, resulting in a return to pre-crisis conditions (‘bouncing back’). These findings uncover the critical processes determining whether and how subsidiaries maintain resilience over time. The paper concludes with implications for both research and practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 101260"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Insidious institutional challenges of mature MNE subsidiaries operating in weak institutional markets: Corporate governance to the rescue","authors":"Franklin Nakpodia , Folajimi Ashiru , Emmanuel Adegbite , Nikolina Koporcic","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insidious institutional challenges are unknown versions of known challenges that exist and persist even for mature multinational enterprises (MNEs) in host markets. Although the international business literature offers valuable insights into the significance of corporate governance mechanisms, institutions, and institutional environment relationships, a practical understanding of what insidious institutional challenges are and how they can be addressed using corporate governance mechanisms, especially in weak institutional environments, is less researched. Therefore, relying on institutional theorizing and qualitative evidence from 34 interviews with executives of mature MNE subsidiaries in Nigeria, this paper documents three insidious institutional challenges encountered by mature MNE subsidiaries: the organisational identity conundrum (‘us vs them’), limited attention to social capital discordance (‘bonding capital vs trust capital’), and persistent intention contradictions (‘elaborate politically correct rhetoric vs limited believable action’). The study also identifies three corporate governance-related themes that mature MNE subsidiaries can utilize to manage institutional challenges: enhanced local stakeholder engagement, elevated accountability drivers, and digital technology and innovation deployment. The study advances international business literature as it sheds theoretical as well as practical insights into how mature MNE subsidiaries operating in a weak institutional context can overcome insidious institutional challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 101258"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unveiling de-globalization and its management strategies: A case study of the German automotive industry","authors":"Sidney Michael Pillich","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This case study elucidates the understanding of so far conceptual knowledge on de-globalization and examines how multinational enterprises' management addresses this phenomenon. By taking a particular industry and geographic perspective, the case study unveils the respective underlying de-globalization drivers and the management strategies adopted by the German automotive industry. Within this industry, the primary de-globalization driver is predominantly shaped by a geopolitical force unfolding its negative effects, especially due to the global automotive value chain's opaqueness and fragility. De-globalization pressures are navigated through a de-risking approach that strategically balances diversification to enhance flexibility, while encapsulating independent regional ecosystems. In contrast to prevailing expectations, the de-globalization phenomenon, characterized as an inverse form of globalization, does not inherently lead to multinational firms' de-internationalization; rather, it surprisingly presents opportunities for heightened firm internationalization. This renders the terminology of de-globalization currently applied in the literature inherently ambiguous and inconclusive. Consequently, beyond the drivers and management strategies of de-globalization, this study refines terminological clarity, elucidating the puzzling disparity between the prevailing de-globalization narrative and absence of multinational enterprises' discernible de-internationalization responses, proposing that the phenomenon is better labeled as re-globalization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 101253"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shihao Wei , Zhan Wu , Pekka Stenholm , Zhongfeng Su
{"title":"Positive deviance: Income inequality and entrepreneurs' pursuit of innovative entrepreneurship","authors":"Shihao Wei , Zhan Wu , Pekka Stenholm , Zhongfeng Su","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drawing on anomie theory, this study examines the impact of income inequality on entrepreneurs' pursuit of innovative entrepreneurship and how this impact varies according to entrepreneurs' financial capital, government size, and governance quality. Utilizing a sample of 56,281 observations across 55 countries, this study finds that income inequality has a positive effect on entrepreneurs' pursuit of innovative entrepreneurship, and this effect is mitigated by government size and governance quality. Moreover, the positive effect of income inequality on innovative entrepreneurship is greater for entrepreneurs in the middle-income class than those in lower- and higher-income brackets. This study extends the implications of income inequality to innovative entrepreneurship and advances our knowledge of the boundary conditions of this relationship. Moreover, it contributes to the comparative international entrepreneurship literature by clarifying the crucial role of income inequality in explaining variations in innovative entrepreneurship across countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 101257"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William Newburry , Marcelo J. Alvarado-Vargas , Michel Hermans
{"title":"When power shifts towards women or lesbian and gay coworkers: Effects on trust in coworkers and the role of firm international proactiveness","authors":"William Newburry , Marcelo J. Alvarado-Vargas , Michel Hermans","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explore the effects of perceived shifts of power towards minority groups on trust in coworkers. Drawing on intergroup threat theory (ITT), we argue that while the realistic threat of loss of power is similar across minority groups, differences in the extent to which groups are stigmatized and the application of social norms regarding equal opportunity and fairness explain different effects of threat perceptions on trust. We differentiate between gender, a surface-level diversity type, and sexual orientation, a deep-level diversity type to test whether differences between these groups explain differential effects on perceptions of threat resulting from power shifts. Additionally, we argue that suppression of local stereotypes by global social norms regarding equal opportunity and fairness is more likely to occur when individuals perceive a need to adhere to international behavioral frames. Hence, we examine firm international proactiveness as a moderator of associations between threat perceptions and trust in coworkers. Within a sample of 841 respondents across ten Latin American countries, and controlling for country-level characteristics, we find that diversity type matters, and that social norms regarding equal opportunity and fairness become more relevant to the extent that a firm is perceived to be more oriented towards global markets. Our findings suggest that organizations may increase trust among coworkers –an indicator of inclusion– by increasing awareness of concerns of less visible minority groups and by emphasizing supra-national social norms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 4","pages":"Article 101255"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A microscope on de-risking","authors":"Yadong Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study critiques the pervasive yet vaguely defined concept and policy of “de-risking” adopted by many nation-states and its implications for international business. The de-risking policy is a key driver of friend-shoring, re-shoring, and near-shoring. By examining the underlying properties of de-risking and its multiplex impacts, we advocate for a more thoughtful, precise, and nuanced understanding of the concept. A common consequence, perhaps to some extent unintended, of de-risking policies is the increase in the complexities and costs associated with internationalizing and internalizing for multinationals. We further explore how companies navigate the intricate interplays of emerging risks and de-risk regulations. Finally, we highlight how international businesses can manage geopolitical and geo-economic risks shaped by de-risking policies and fractured globalization more broadly, emphasizing corporate efforts such as a risk mindset, managerial foresight, and corporate orchestration to mitigate and manage new international business risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 2","pages":"Article 101231"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omid Aliasghar , C. Annique Un , Kazuhiro Asakawa , Jarrod Haar , Sihong Wu
{"title":"Foreign and domestic university collaboration for outbound open innovation","authors":"Omid Aliasghar , C. Annique Un , Kazuhiro Asakawa , Jarrod Haar , Sihong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Outbound open innovation, the external commercialization of the firm's knowledge, is important for creating and sustaining its competitive advantage. Surprisingly, limited studies have explained how and why a firm can enhance its likelihood of engagement in outbound open innovation activities by collaborating with universities, especially foreign ones. Building on the knowledge-based view (KBV), first, we differentiate the effects of collaborating with foreign versus domestic universities, since these create scientific knowledge that varies in novelty and ease of transfer. Second, based on these two knowledge dimensions, we argue that foreign university collaboration is more likely to have a higher positive association with outbound open innovation than domestic university collaboration, because the former has higher knowledge novelty than the latter. Third, however, when firms also collaborate with domestic value chain partners, collaborating with domestic universities is likely to have a higher positive association. We tested these arguments on 541 firms in New Zealand and found that collaborating with foreign universities has a positive association, especially when the universities are located in developed economies. Collaborating with domestic universities has a positive association when firms also collaborate with their domestic value chain partners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 2","pages":"Article 101232"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudio De Mattos , Laura Salciuviene , Stuart Sanderson
{"title":"Can conflict be a desirable step in trust-building within international strategic alliances? A systematic literature review and typology","authors":"Claudio De Mattos , Laura Salciuviene , Stuart Sanderson","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intman.2025.101234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of international alliance formation and stability, conflicts are traditionally represented as impediments, to be avoided or at least minimised. Motivated by earlier research and Positive Organisational Scholarship, we problematise the literature on conflicts and challenge such assumptions, coming up with a new research question<em>: ‘How might conflicts be managed to build trust between international partners and ultimately support international strategic alliance formation and stability?’</em> We create a typology linking constructive conflict management procedures and trust. A better understanding of calculative trust, cognitive trust, and the progression from calculative to cognitive trust can facilitate the achievement of this goal. Well-managed conflicts can enhance trust-building between partners (prospective or current), supporting over time alliance formation and stability. Conflict can be changed from accustomed negative perceptions to a force for good, following a problematisation approach. In our typology, we explore the link of each procedure with calculative trust, cognitive trust, and the transition between calculative and cognitive trust. We create three meta-categories for these nine procedures and select examples from the literature that are connected to four established theoretical frameworks in the international strategic alliances area, i.e. transaction cost, institutional perspective, resource-based view, and organisational learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Management","volume":"31 2","pages":"Article 101234"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}