Behavioral Sciences & the Law最新文献_第3页

IF 1.3 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2723

Tiffany Chenneville, Klejdis Bilali, Serena Wasilewski, Joan Reid

{"title":"Similarities and Differences in Trauma Bonding Among Young Adults in the U.S. and Kenya: Implications for Forensic Assessment","authors":"Tiffany Chenneville, Klejdis Bilali, Serena Wasilewski, Joan Reid","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2723","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2723","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Trauma bonding—a phenomenon wherein victims become attached to their abusers—remains critical in forensic criminology, particularly within the sex trafficking context. Despite extensive trauma bonding research, few validated measures exist and studies addressing its manifestation in different cultures is limited. This study addressed these gaps by comparing findings from validation studies of the Trauma Bonding Scale for Adults (TBSA) among young adults aged 18–29 in the U.S. (<i>N</i> = 619) and Kenya (<i>N</i> = 538). Participants completed an anonymous Qualtrics XM survey containing demographic items, the TBSA, and a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) measure. Findings revealed that PTSD correlated with and predicted trauma bonding in both U.S. and Kenyan samples despite differences in PTSD and trauma bonding symptoms between samples. Implications for forensic assessment, classification, and intervention are discussed, highlighting the need for valid trauma bonding assessment across settings to identify and address culturally diverse victims' needs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"43 4","pages":"374-384"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk Perception and Risk Communication: Multi-Actor Perspectives on Pretrial Decision-Making 风险认知与风险沟通：审前决策的多行为者视角。

IF 1.3 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2717

Ashley E. Rodriguez, Evan M. Lowder, Peyton Frye

{"title":"Risk Perception and Risk Communication: Multi-Actor Perspectives on Pretrial Decision-Making","authors":"Ashley E. Rodriguez, Evan M. Lowder, Peyton Frye","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2717","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2717","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As jurisdictions across the United States implement pretrial risk assessments to advance pretrial reform, there has been a limited research focus on factors affecting risk assessment-guided decision-making. To advance this work, this study examined: (1) differences in perceptions of risk and utility of risk assessment information by criminal-legal role; (2) whether static or variable risk assessment presentation affected pretrial release decisions, including the moderating role of offense violence; and (3) factors affecting risk assessment-guided decision-making more broadly. Vignettes were issued to 298 judges, pretrial officers, prosecutors, and defense attorneys across the United States with random assignment to a one-value probability (30%, 40%, or 50%) or a range of probabilities (30%–50%) risk estimate. Findings showed that risk assessment presentation did not affect decision-making, and decision-makers either subjectively interpreted the risk assessment value or created their own risk criteria. Results necessitate more training for pretrial decision-makers on interpreting risk assessment information.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"43 4","pages":"357-373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2717","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transgender History, Part II: A Brief History of Medical and Surgical Gender-Affirming Care 跨性别史，第二部分：医学和外科性别确认护理简史。

IF 1.3 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2719

Norah Oles, Rodrigo Fontenele, Margarita Abi Zeid Daou

引用次数: 0

Artificial Intelligence and Identification of the Deceased: a Narrative Review With Implications in Forensic Science 人工智能与死者身份鉴定：法医学的叙事回顾。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2718

Damini Siwan, Akansha Rana, Peehul Krishan, Vishal Sharma, Kewal Krishan

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Identification of the Deceased: a Narrative Review With Implications in Forensic Science","authors":"Damini Siwan, Akansha Rana, Peehul Krishan, Vishal Sharma, Kewal Krishan","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2718","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2718","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identification of the dead is of utmost importance in mass disasters, war crimes, and forensic examinations. The biological profile, established by a forensic anthropologist is one the necessary steps involved in the identification of the dead. Several parameters can be estimated such as sex, age, stature, biogeographical affinity, and DNA profile of the unknown person. It is crucial to estimate these parameters of identification which may narrow down the investigation process. On the other hand, Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the modern world is showing magical uses in different fields. This communication aims to highlight the uses of AI tools for predicting parameters such as sex, age, stature, biogeographical affinity, and DNA profile of unknown persons with more accuracy and in less time. A literature search was conducted using databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect for analyzing the use of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning algorithms for establishing the biological profile in disaster victim identification (DVI) and forensic casework. Moreover, this research foresees a paradigm shift in investigative techniques as technology advances, highlighting the convergence of AI and anthropological ideas for an improved understanding of the biological profiles of unknown deceased individuals.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"43 3","pages":"341-349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transgender History, Part I: An Anthropology of Gender-Nonconformity Across Ages and Cultures 跨性别史，第一部分：跨时代和跨文化的性别不一致性人类学。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2714

Rodrigo Fontenele, Margarita Abi Zeid Daou

引用次数: 0

Relative Impact of Underreporting and Desistance on the Dark Figure of Sexual Recidivism 少报与阻遏对性累犯黑影的相对影响。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2715

Nicholas Scurich, Richard S. John

{"title":"Relative Impact of Underreporting and Desistance on the Dark Figure of Sexual Recidivism","authors":"Nicholas Scurich, Richard S. John","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2715","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2715","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sexual recidivism rates based on arrests or convictions underestimate actual reoffending due to underreporting. A previous Monte Carlo simulation estimated actual recidivism rates under various reporting and conviction assumptions but did not account for desistance—the decreasing likelihood of reoffending over time. This study addresses that gap by incorporating a 12.3% annual desistance rate (from a well-known empirical study) and exploring its impact alongside varying charge rates (100%–5%). The results showed that reductions in charge rates lead to disproportionately large increases in recidivism. For instance, lowering the charge rate from 50% to 25% results in a much larger increase in actual recidivism than reducing it from 100% to 75%, despite both being 25% reductions. This indicates that as charge rates decrease, actual recidivism grows more sharply. A sensitivity analysis also examined desistance rates of 0%, 5%, 12.3%, and 20%. Higher desistance rates cause reoffending to occur earlier but have little impact on long-term totals. Over 25 years, reoffending rates remain similar across desistance rates, suggesting desistance affects the timing, but not the overall amount of reoffending.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"43 3","pages":"329-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2715","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rituals of Harm: Castration and Genealogies of Sacred Wound Cultures in the Hijra Communities of India 伤害的仪式：阉割和印度海吉拉社区神圣伤口文化的家谱。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2713

Ina Goel

引用次数: 0

Pareto in Prison 监狱中的帕累托。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2716

Mark A. Morgan, Joshua S. Long, Matthew W. Logan, Frank Benton

{"title":"Pareto in Prison","authors":"Mark A. Morgan, Joshua S. Long, Matthew W. Logan, Frank Benton","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2716","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2716","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Pareto principle is based on the concept that roughly 80% of outcomes are generated by 20% of inputs, efforts, or contributors within a group. Using a national sample of U.S. prison inmates, we examined various percentile rankings of self-reported institutional misconduct to determine how much disorder is created behind bars by the most prolific offenders. Findings revealed that, regardless of sex, the top 20% of inmates were responsible for approximately 90% of all rule violations and write-ups received. These general patterns remained similar even after adjusting infractions for time served in prison. Further analyses indicated that membership within these high-rate groups was often significantly predicted by those who were younger, black, had more extensive criminal histories, committed violent crimes, resided in state facilities, anticipated being released, used drugs prior to their arrest, were diagnosed with a personality disorder or ADHD, and exhibited worse negative affect. Some sex-specific effects were also observed. The disproportionate impact these chronic offenders have on the prison environment is detrimental to all individuals who live and work around them. Future research should investigate specific types of misconduct, distinct time intervals of incarceration, and facility effects such as management style, security levels, or offender composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"43 3","pages":"299-313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2716","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The development of legal rights for intersex persons: Part II: Advancement 阴阳人法律权利的发展：第二部分：进步。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-12 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2701

Alan R. Felthous, Chanchal Kahlon

引用次数: 0

Surgical Treatment of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals and Health Outcomes 跨性别和性别多样化个体的手术治疗和健康结果。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2712

Elizabeth R. Boskey, Jessica D. Kant

引用次数: 0