Behavioral Sciences & the Law最新文献_第10页

Evaluating the HCR-20V3 violence risk assessment measure with mentally disordered offenders and civil psychiatric patients in China HCR-20V3暴力风险评估方法在中国精神障碍罪犯和民事精神病患者中的评估

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2614

Yifan Chen, Kevin S. Douglas, Zhuo Zhang, Cunli Xiao, Haiyan Wang, Yuhao Wang, Ai Ma

{"title":"Evaluating the HCR-20V3 violence risk assessment measure with mentally disordered offenders and civil psychiatric patients in China","authors":"Yifan Chen, Kevin S. Douglas, Zhuo Zhang, Cunli Xiao, Haiyan Wang, Yuhao Wang, Ai Ma","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2614","url":null,"abstract":"The current prospective risk assessment study evaluated the application of the Chinese translation of the Historical-Clinical-Risk Management-20 Version 3 (HCR-20V3) in a sample of 152 offenders with mental disorders and civil psychiatric patients. The ratings of the presence and relevance of risk factors were compared, as well as summary risk ratings (SRRs), both across offenders and civil psychiatric patients, and across male and female sub-samples. Interrater reliability was consistently “excellent” for the presence and relevance of risk factors and for SRRs. Concurrent validity analyses indicated that HCR-20V3 was strongly correlated with Violence Risk Scale (from r = 0.53 to 0.71). The results of predictive validity analyses provided strong support for the bivariate associations between the main indices of HCR-20V3 and violence within 6 weeks, 7–24 weeks, and 6 months; SRRs added incrementally to both relevance and presence ratings across three follow-up lengths.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"41 4","pages":"186-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50136485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prediction of violence: Part contagious disease, part unpredictable individual: Is a public health assessment approach an additional option and at what cost? 暴力预测：部分是传染性疾病，部分是不可预测的个人：公共卫生评估方法是一种额外的选择吗？代价是什么？

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2611

Ryan C. W. Hall, Gregory Iannuzzi

引用次数: 0

Falling through the cracks: Failing to identify compromised Miranda abilities for defendants with limited cognitive capacities 陷入困境：未能识别认知能力有限的被告的米兰达能力受损。

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2610

Kamar Y. Tazi, Richard Rogers

{"title":"Falling through the cracks: Failing to identify compromised Miranda abilities for defendants with limited cognitive capacities","authors":"Kamar Y. Tazi, Richard Rogers","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2610","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2610","url":null,"abstract":"Custodial suspects must be informed of their Miranda rights (Miranda v. Arizona, 1966) prior to police questioning. Since this landmark decision, scholars have rigorously studied Miranda comprehension and reasoning among vulnerable groups including those with intellectual disabilities (ID). However, the focus on ID has left arrestees with limited cognitive capacities (i.e., LCCs with IQs between 70 and 85) entirely overlooked. The current dataset addressed this oversight using a large (N = 820) sample of pretrial defendants who had completed the Standardized Assessment of Miranda Abilities (SAMA). Traditional (i.e., ID and no-ID) criterion groups were first analyzed with the standard error of measurement (SEM) removed. Second, a nuanced three-group framework included defendants with LCCs. Results indicate that LCC defendants are vulnerable to impaired Miranda comprehension (i.e., limited recall of the Miranda warning and deficits in Miranda-related vocabulary knowledge). Not surprisingly, their waiver decisions were often impaired by crucial misconceptions (e.g., seeing the investigating officers as beneficently on their side). The practical implications of these findings were underscored with respect to Constitutional safeguards for this critically important group, who have appeared to fall through the cracks in the criminal justice system.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"41 5","pages":"326-342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10821340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Childhood trauma as a mediator between attachment and recidivism risk: A study of Canadian offenders with mental disorders 童年创伤在依恋与再犯风险之间的中介作用:加拿大精神障碍罪犯的研究

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2612

G. Camelia Adams, Andrew J. Wrath, Mansfield Mela, Andrea DesRoches, Stephen Adams, Anita Andreen, Anne McKenna

{"title":"Childhood trauma as a mediator between attachment and recidivism risk: A study of Canadian offenders with mental disorders","authors":"G. Camelia Adams, Andrew J. Wrath, Mansfield Mela, Andrea DesRoches, Stephen Adams, Anita Andreen, Anne McKenna","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2612","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2612","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to explore the relationships between attachment and childhood trauma on recidivism risk in a sample of Canadian offenders with mental disorder (OMDs). N = 56 OMDs completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire, a measure of adult attachment (Experiences in Close Relationships Scale), and interview to determine recidivism risk (Level of Service/Case Management Inventory; LS/CMI). The variables of interest had small to moderate correlations. Multivariable regression analysis found that ACE scores but not attachment insecurity were associated with LS/CMI scores. Mediation analyses demonstrated that ACE scores fully mediated the association between attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance and recidivism risk. Results demonstrate that as exposure to diverse ACEs increased so did the risk to recidivate and this exposure mediated the relationship between attachment insecurity and recidivism risk. This study highlights the necessity of addressing both attachment insecurity and the experience of ACE when providing psychiatric services to OMDs.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"41 2-3","pages":"96-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9568723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the effect of prison time on landlords' willingness to rent to exonerees: A test of the stigma-by-association framework 考察监禁时间对房东出租给无罪犯人意愿的影响:对联想污名框架的检验

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-01-22 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2608

Leah Hamovitch, Samantha Pejic, Lesley Zannella, Jason C. Deska

{"title":"Examining the effect of prison time on landlords' willingness to rent to exonerees: A test of the stigma-by-association framework","authors":"Leah Hamovitch, Samantha Pejic, Lesley Zannella, Jason C. Deska","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2608","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2608","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers posit that stigma-by-association may account for the discrimination that exonerees experience post-release. Exonerees who serve a longer prison sentence may experience more stigma than exonerees who spent less time in prison. Across two studies, we examined whether criminal history (exoneree, releasee, or control) or prison time (5 or 25 years) impacted landlords' willingness to rent their apartment. Authors responded to one-bedroom apartment listings in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada, inquiring about unit availability. The rental inquiries were identical except for criminal history and prison time. Across both studies, results demonstrated that landlords were significantly less likely to respond, and indicate availability, to exonerees and releasees compared to control. Landlords discriminated against exonerees when the exoneree did not mention a formal exoneration (Study 1) and explicitly mentioned that he was exonerated by DNA evidence (Study 2). Prison time had no significant impact. A content analysis of landlords' replies revealed that exonerees and releasees experienced more subtle forms of discrimination compared to individuals without a criminal history. Together, our results demonstrate that individuals who were formerly incarcerated and associated with prison—whether it be for 5 years or 25 years or a rightful or wrongful conviction—experience housing discrimination upon their release.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"41 2-3","pages":"78-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9570185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Violence risk assessment of Sovereign Citizens: An exploratory examination of the HCR-20 Version 3 and the TRAP-18 主权公民的暴力风险评估:对HCR-20第三版和TRAP-18的探索性检查

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2607

Lee M. Vargen, Darin J. Challacombe

引用次数: 0

Cessation of dangerousness status in Brasília, Brazil: An analysis of 144 reports from Federal District Medical Examiner's Office in the last 10 years 巴西Brasília危险状态的终止:对过去10年联邦地区法医办公室144份报告的分析

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2606

Gustavo Carvalho de Oliveira, Henrique Oliveira Dumay, Thayná Pereira da Silva, Marina Clara Oliveira Fraga, Alexandre Martins Valença

{"title":"Cessation of dangerousness status in Brasília, Brazil: An analysis of 144 reports from Federal District Medical Examiner's Office in the last 10 years","authors":"Gustavo Carvalho de Oliveira, Henrique Oliveira Dumay, Thayná Pereira da Silva, Marina Clara Oliveira Fraga, Alexandre Martins Valença","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2606","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2606","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to evaluate factors related to cessation of dangerousness of individuals under safety measures, through the study of psychiatric reports. This is a cross-sectional study, conducted through a retrospective analysis of expert psychiatric dangerousness cessation reports issued by the Federal District Coroner's Office, Brasília, Brazil. By examining official files, information was extracted from the reports (socio-demographic data, clinical characteristics, type of crime, historical characteristics and the search for items related to risk assessment present in instruments such as Historical, Clinical and Risk Management [HCR-20], Psychopathy Checklist – Revised [PCL-R], Two-Tiered Violence Risk Scale [TTV], Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability [START] and others) and submitted to statistical analysis and then compared to other studies on the subject. The items most considered by the experts were those referring to PCL-R, START and the “non static” part of HCR-20 and TTV. For the non-cessation of dangerousness, we've found: absence of remorse, fragile behavioral control, early behavioral problems, juvenile delinquency. For the cessation of dangerousness, we've found: presence of social skills, balanced emotional state, presence of social support, adherence to rules, good coping strategies, involvement with treatment and adherence. The systematization and standardization of forensic psychiatric reports needs to be established and the use of risk assessment instruments are essential to support better decisions by the experts.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"41 4","pages":"172-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9915494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scholarly rumors: Citation analysis of vast misinformation regarding parental alienation theory 学术谣言：关于父母异化理论的大量错误信息的引文分析。

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2605

William Bernet, Shenmeng Xu

{"title":"Scholarly rumors: Citation analysis of vast misinformation regarding parental alienation theory","authors":"William Bernet, Shenmeng Xu","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2605","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2605","url":null,"abstract":"Misinformation is widespread in political discourse, mental health literature, and hard science. This article describes recurrent publication of the same misinformation regarding parental alienation (PA), that is, variations of the statement: “PA theory assumes that the favored parent has caused PA in the child simply because the child refuses to have a relationship with the rejected parent, without identifying or proving alienating behaviors by the favored parent.” Ninety-four examples of the same misinformation were identified and subjected to citation analysis using Gephi software, which displays the links between citing material and cited material. The recurrent misinformation reported here is not trivial; these statements are significant misrepresentations of PA theory. Plausible explanations for this trail of misinformation are the psychological mindset of the authors (i.e., confirmation bias) and the authors' writing skills (e.g., sloppy research practices such as persistent use of secondary sources for their information). The authors of this article recommend that publications containing significant misinformation should be corrected or retracted.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"41 5","pages":"231-245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10820091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Alcohol, gender, and violence: Factors influencing blame for partner aggression 酒精、性别和暴力:影响伴侣攻击责任的因素

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2604

Jody M. Ross, Jedidiah Davis

{"title":"Alcohol, gender, and violence: Factors influencing blame for partner aggression","authors":"Jody M. Ross, Jedidiah Davis","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2604","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2604","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol use has been associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) and reduced perpetrator blameworthiness, but this finding is not universal. Researchers examining alcohol and IPV-related blame often utilize vignettes depicting perpetrators who are sober and compare this to perpetrators depicted as more or less intoxicated. In this study, participants read one of three vignettes depicting male-to-female physical IPV. We compared participants' blame attributions across three conditions: perpetrator sober, perpetrator intoxicated-infrequent drinker, and perpetrator intoxicated-frequent drinker. Alcohol did not mitigate perpetrator blameworthiness for the assault; however, only the intoxicated-frequent drinker was rated as more blameworthy for his violence than the sober perpetrator. Participants also reported their own IPV perpetration, drinking behaviors, and gender role beliefs. Traditional gender role beliefs and a history of IPV perpetration were associated with shifting some of the blame onto the victim, and this was true for both men and women, especially when the perpetrator was described as a frequent drinker. Researchers should consider whether their alcohol vignettes might depict a behavior as reflecting the situation or the drinker's character, as this may impact their results. Furthermore, different observer characteristics may differentially predict blame attribution.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"41 2-3","pages":"41-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9561243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing symptom exaggeration of psychopathology in incarcerated individuals and mentally ill offenders within forensic contexts 在法医环境下评估被监禁者和精神病罪犯的精神病理学症状夸大

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2603

Natthawut Arin, Jiraporn Mengchuay

{"title":"Assessing symptom exaggeration of psychopathology in incarcerated individuals and mentally ill offenders within forensic contexts","authors":"Natthawut Arin, Jiraporn Mengchuay","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2603","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2603","url":null,"abstract":"In forensic contexts, there is a high probability that offenders may exaggerate illness to avoid legal punishment. Since very few empirical studies presently exist on this matter in Thailand, the objectives are to explore the prevalence rate of the exaggeration of psychopathological symptoms and to examine the detection strategy response styles for Thai version of the Symptom validity test (SVT-Th). An analysis of the factors that influence symptom exaggeration would also be included. Mixed participants included 608 individuals consisting of 528 Incarcerated individuals and 80 Mentally Ill Offenders (MIOs). SVT-Th indicated the prevalence rates of feigned psychopathology among overall offenders were 8.88%, 3.20% for incarcerated individuals, and 46.30% for MIOs. As expected, the endorsed average scores of the psychopathological symptoms using the Amplifier and Unlikely response style were recorded at similar amounts. Offenders with a history of mental illness exaggerated their symptoms to a greater degree than those without a history of mental illness. With regard to the type of crime and the number of offenses, no discrepancies of statistical significance were found. Interestingly, offenders who committed violent crimes, and with more than four times the number of offenses, were more likely to exaggerate their symptoms than the other subjects.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"41 4","pages":"155-171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10291111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2