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A critical analysis of stalking theory and implications for research and practice 跟踪理论的批判性分析及其对研究和实践的影响
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2598
Alice J. Parkhill, Margaret Nixon, Troy E. McEwan
{"title":"A critical analysis of stalking theory and implications for research and practice","authors":"Alice J. Parkhill,&nbsp;Margaret Nixon,&nbsp;Troy E. McEwan","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2598","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2598","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article comprehensively reviews and critiques theories providing an aetiological account of stalking. We evaluate applications of preexisting psychological theories to stalking (attachment theory, evolutionary theory, social learning theory, information processing models of aggression, coercive control theory, and behavioural theory) as well as the only novel theory of stalking to date: Relational goal pursuit theory. Our aim was to identify which are supported by research, identify gaps in theoretical scope and explanatory depth and examine how current theories might inform clinical practice. This evaluation suggests that theories of stalking are underdeveloped relative to other areas of forensic clinical psychology and the theoretical literature is relatively stagnant. Consequently, there is limited research into clinically meaningful constructs that can guide the assessment, formulation and treatment of this client group. We identify similarities across existing theories, discussing implications for future research and clinical practice with people who stalk.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/63/13/BSL-40-562.PMC9826357.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10491097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Decoding MH”—A de-stigmatization campaign in the Hong Kong Police Force “解码MH”-香港警务处的反污名运动
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-09-20 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2594
Elaine Yin Ling Chan, Jasmine Tsz Ting Lui, Alison Lai Ping Mak, Edmond Kam Lun Lau
{"title":"“Decoding MH”—A de-stigmatization campaign in the Hong Kong Police Force","authors":"Elaine Yin Ling Chan,&nbsp;Jasmine Tsz Ting Lui,&nbsp;Alison Lai Ping Mak,&nbsp;Edmond Kam Lun Lau","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2594","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2594","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Police officers are under high level of stress given the intense and emergent work nature. If left untreated, their mental wellbeing would be at risk and work performance compromised. However, mental health stigma is common among police officers and is perpetuated by factors like police cultures emphasizing toughness and self-reliance. In view of this, since 2016, the Hong Kong Police Force had launched a holistic campaign for Force members which was the first among law enforcement organizations in Hong Kong, aiming to reduce stigma, by enhancing mental health knowledge and decreasing negative attitudes and behaviors towards mental health issues. The programme incorporated standardised trainings of the Mental Health First Aid course with examples modified to the local police context, and psychoeducation via the use of digital medium and sharing by public figures. Positive feedback was received. It was foreseen that the campaign effects would increase Force members' awareness of their mental health, encourage help-seeking and facilitate officers' decision making when encountering crises in the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10571812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cyber-harassment victimization of Portuguese adolescents: A lifestyle-routine activities theory approach 葡萄牙青少年的网络骚扰受害:一种生活方式-日常活动理论方法
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2596
Maria Vale, Filipa Pereira, Brian H. Spitzberg, Marlene Matos
{"title":"Cyber-harassment victimization of Portuguese adolescents: A lifestyle-routine activities theory approach","authors":"Maria Vale,&nbsp;Filipa Pereira,&nbsp;Brian H. Spitzberg,&nbsp;Marlene Matos","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2596","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2596","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cyber-harassment refers to a pattern of repeated, intentional, and unwanted annoyances, impositions, threats, or other aggravating actions mediated by Information and Communication Technologies. Globally, substantial proportions of adolescents experience cyber-harassment, resulting in a host of deleterious health-related consequences. This study tested the empirical utility of the Lifestyle-Routine Activities Theory in accounting for adolescent cyber-victimization. A representative sample of 627 adolescents, aged 12–16, enrolled in schools from northern Portugal and Azores, were surveyed. Consistent with the theoretical assumptions, older adolescents, who used tablets, published information on social network profiles, added unknown people as friends, met face-to-face with them, and had parents with less knowledge of their online contacts were at increased risk of being cyber-victimized. Theoretical and practical implications are elaborated.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40357813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Perceptions of stalking in Mainland China: Behaviors, motives, and effective coping strategies 中国大陆对跟踪行为的认知:行为、动机和有效应对策略
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2591
Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan
{"title":"Perceptions of stalking in Mainland China: Behaviors, motives, and effective coping strategies","authors":"Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2591","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2591","url":null,"abstract":"There is limited information available on the phenomenon of stalking in the Asian context, especially in mainland China. This study investigated individuals' perceptions of stalking behavior, the motives of stalkers, and the effective strategies for coping with stalking victimization in a sample of 985 young adults (aged 18-33 years) from Liaoning province in mainland China. The influence of specific demographic (i.e., age, sex, religiosity, and education) and psychosocial (i.e., social bonds and self-control) characteristics on individuals' perceptions of effective coping strategies for stalking victimization were also examined. In general, men and women held significantly different perceptions of stalking behavior, stalkers' motives, and strategies that were considered effective for coping with stalking. Multivariate analyses indicated that a low educational level was significantly associated with the perception that avoidant tactics constituted an effective strategy for coping with stalking victimization. Moreover, individuals with lower educational levels and stronger social bonds tended to perceive proactive and aggressive tactics to constitute an effective strategy for coping with stalking victimization. Finally, individuals with lower self-control tended to endorse compliance tactics when coping with stalking victimization. In view of the devastating nature and consequences of stalking, the findings of this study highlight the need for anti-stalking legislation in mainland China.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33450733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does children’s fear matter? Evaluating children’s positions in Finnish court decisions on stalking 孩子们的恐惧重要吗?评估儿童在芬兰法院对跟踪的判决中的立场
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2590
Sanna Koulu, Anna Nikupeteri, Merja Laitinen, Mirva Lohiniva-Kerkelä
{"title":"Does children’s fear matter? Evaluating children’s positions in Finnish court decisions on stalking","authors":"Sanna Koulu,&nbsp;Anna Nikupeteri,&nbsp;Merja Laitinen,&nbsp;Mirva Lohiniva-Kerkelä","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2590","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2590","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Children are at particular risk when one parent is targeted by the other parent's stalking behaviors post-separation. In this article, we explore how court decisions position children when assessing fear, distress, and unlawfulness in cases of parental stalking. The data comprised 127 court decisions on stalking that involved a relationship (dating, cohabitation, or marriage), separation/divorce, and one or more children. Using discourse analysis, we identified four categories in how children were positioned: (1) children relegated to the background, (2) children’s involvement recounted as part of the facts, (3) children’s involvement assessed as relevant because it affected the parent, and (4) children as agents or victims in their own right. The findings highlight a significant risk of losing sight of children when the focus is on parents, and our concern is that this may also contribute to children not receiving the support they need.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9826468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10490597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Where to draw the line? The influence of prior relationship, perpetrator-target sex and perpetrator motivation on the point at which behavior ‘crosses the line’ and becomes stalking 底线在哪里?前一段关系、加害者-目标性别和加害者动机对行为“越界”并成为跟踪行为的影响
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-09-05 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2592
Adrian J. Scott, Sofia Stathi, Victoria Burniak
{"title":"Where to draw the line? The influence of prior relationship, perpetrator-target sex and perpetrator motivation on the point at which behavior ‘crosses the line’ and becomes stalking","authors":"Adrian J. Scott,&nbsp;Sofia Stathi,&nbsp;Victoria Burniak","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2592","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2592","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study examines the influence of prior relationship (intimate, non-intimate), perpetrator-target sex (male-female, female-male) and perpetrator motivation (romance, upset) on (1) the point at which behavior crosses the line and becomes stalking, and (2) the likelihood of offering five forms of advice to the target (formal support, informal support, protective measures, avoidance measures, threatening action). The study used a 2 × 2 × 2 between-participants experimental design. Four-hundred and sixty-one UK students read one of eight versions of a hypothetical scenario that they were informed may or may not depict a stalking situation. Analyses revealed that 97.8% (<i>n</i> = 451) of participants believed the perpetrator's behavior constituted stalking, and that behavior was perceived to cross the line earlier in the scenario when the perpetrator's motivation was to upset the target in the context of a non-intimate prior relationship only. Prior relationship, perpetrator-target sex and perpetrator motivation also influenced the likelihood of offering various forms of advice to the target. These findings further demonstrate the impact of situational characteristics on perceptions of stalking and highlight the importance of educational campaigns and programs to increase people's understanding of stalking.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9825982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10866357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inter-judicial differences in approaching technical violations: Examining the interaction of judge and compliance issue for domestic violence probationers 处理技术性违法行为的司法间差异:家庭暴力缓刑犯法官与依从性问题的互动研究
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2593
Danielle M. Romain Dagenhardt, Tina L. Freiburger
{"title":"Inter-judicial differences in approaching technical violations: Examining the interaction of judge and compliance issue for domestic violence probationers","authors":"Danielle M. Romain Dagenhardt,&nbsp;Tina L. Freiburger","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2593","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2593","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Few studies have examined differences in the sentencing practices of judges within a jurisdiction. Even more limited is research examining differences across judges in domestic violence courts despite the large amount of discretion afforded to judges in these courts in sanctioning decisions. The current study utilized data from a large urban county court to determine whether significant differences existed across judges in allocating a jail sanction in the domestic violence court. Three hundred forty seven probation review hearings in which at least one act of noncompliance were examined. Findings suggest significant differences in the use of jail for prohibited substance abuse, but not for other forms of noncompliance. The implications of these findings are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40341502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Should we be paying more attention to firearm threats in ex-partner stalking cases? 我们应该在前伴侣跟踪案件中多关注枪支威胁吗?
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2589
TK Logan, Jennifer Landhuis
{"title":"Should we be paying more attention to firearm threats in ex-partner stalking cases?","authors":"TK Logan,&nbsp;Jennifer Landhuis","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2589","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2589","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examined relationship abuse, firearm threats, and threat credibility factors as well as help-seeking for (ex)partner-stalking victims with partners who did (<i>n</i> = 153) and did not own guns (<i>n</i> = 263). Victims with (ex)partners who owned guns experienced increased coercive control and physical violence, a longer duration of stalking, and more threats during the relationship and during the course of stalking. Victims reported that (ex)partner gun owners had more extremist beliefs and other risk factors, and more of them believed their (ex)partner was extremely capable of harming them. Most, regardless of partner gun ownership, turned to informal sources of help, while about one-quarter of victims whose partners did not own guns tried to obtain a protective order or talked to police, compared to about 40% of stalking victims with abusers who owned guns. Fear of harm from guns, coercive control during the relationship, and believing their partner was capable of harming harm them were all associated with an increased number of help-seeking sources whereas being threatened with a firearm and abuser gun ownership were not.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40421999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A jury of scientists: Formal education in biobehavioral sciences reduces the odds of punitive criminal sentencing 一个由科学家组成的陪审团:生物行为科学方面的正规教育降低了惩罚性刑事判决的几率
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2588
Mia A. Thomaidou, Colleen M. Berryessa
{"title":"A jury of scientists: Formal education in biobehavioral sciences reduces the odds of punitive criminal sentencing","authors":"Mia A. Thomaidou,&nbsp;Colleen M. Berryessa","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2588","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2588","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines how formal education in biological and behavioral sciences may impact punishment intuitions (views on criminal sentencing, free will, responsibility, and dangerousness) in cases involving neurobiological evidence. In a survey experiment, we compared intuitions between biobehavioral science and non-science university graduates by presenting them with a baseline case without a neurobiological explanation for offending followed by one of two cases with a neurobiological explanation (described as either innate or acquired biological influences to offending). An ordinal logistic regression indicated that both science and non-science graduates selected significantly more severe punishments for the baseline case as compared to when an innate neurobiological explanation for offending was provided. However, across all cases, science graduates selected significantly less severe sentences than non-science graduates, and only science graduates' decisions were mediated by free will and responsibility attributions. Findings are discussed in relation to scientific understandings of behavior, the impact of science education on attitudes towards punishment, and potential criminal-legal implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10087556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9286117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The defense of mental disorder and crimes against the person committed under the influence of cannabis: A Canadian perspective 为精神失常和在大麻影响下对人犯下的罪行辩护:加拿大的观点
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2577
Simon-Pierre Bernard-Arevalo, Laura Dellazizzo, Émilie Marceau, Alexandre Dumais
{"title":"The defense of mental disorder and crimes against the person committed under the influence of cannabis: A Canadian perspective","authors":"Simon-Pierre Bernard-Arevalo,&nbsp;Laura Dellazizzo,&nbsp;Émilie Marceau,&nbsp;Alexandre Dumais","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2577","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2577","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The legalization of cannabis raises many queries, one of which regards the criminal liability of users under the influence of cannabis when crimes against the person are committed. This perspective review consequently aims to examine the defense of mental disorder (also referred to as the insanity defense) in Canadian criminal law and revise court decisions involving cases with cannabis use rendered in the field between 1995 and 2021. The purpose was to specify the factors allowing Canadian criminal courts to grant or refuse the defense of mental disorder to help further operationalize the jurisprudential criteria for forensic practice. We noted that presence of a severe and persistent primary psychopathology was the most decisive factor when determining the verdict of the accused who consumed cannabis.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40408693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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