Behavioral Sciences & the Law最新文献_第9页

Cessation of dangerousness status in Brasília, Brazil: An analysis of 144 reports from Federal District Medical Examiner's Office in the last 10 years 巴西Brasília危险状态的终止:对过去10年联邦地区法医办公室144份报告的分析

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2606

Gustavo Carvalho de Oliveira, Henrique Oliveira Dumay, Thayná Pereira da Silva, Marina Clara Oliveira Fraga, Alexandre Martins Valença

{"title":"Cessation of dangerousness status in Brasília, Brazil: An analysis of 144 reports from Federal District Medical Examiner's Office in the last 10 years","authors":"Gustavo Carvalho de Oliveira, Henrique Oliveira Dumay, Thayná Pereira da Silva, Marina Clara Oliveira Fraga, Alexandre Martins Valença","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2606","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2606","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to evaluate factors related to cessation of dangerousness of individuals under safety measures, through the study of psychiatric reports. This is a cross-sectional study, conducted through a retrospective analysis of expert psychiatric dangerousness cessation reports issued by the Federal District Coroner's Office, Brasília, Brazil. By examining official files, information was extracted from the reports (socio-demographic data, clinical characteristics, type of crime, historical characteristics and the search for items related to risk assessment present in instruments such as Historical, Clinical and Risk Management [HCR-20], Psychopathy Checklist – Revised [PCL-R], Two-Tiered Violence Risk Scale [TTV], Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability [START] and others) and submitted to statistical analysis and then compared to other studies on the subject. The items most considered by the experts were those referring to PCL-R, START and the “non static” part of HCR-20 and TTV. For the non-cessation of dangerousness, we've found: absence of remorse, fragile behavioral control, early behavioral problems, juvenile delinquency. For the cessation of dangerousness, we've found: presence of social skills, balanced emotional state, presence of social support, adherence to rules, good coping strategies, involvement with treatment and adherence. The systematization and standardization of forensic psychiatric reports needs to be established and the use of risk assessment instruments are essential to support better decisions by the experts.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9915494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scholarly rumors: Citation analysis of vast misinformation regarding parental alienation theory 学术谣言：关于父母异化理论的大量错误信息的引文分析。

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2605

William Bernet, Shenmeng Xu

{"title":"Scholarly rumors: Citation analysis of vast misinformation regarding parental alienation theory","authors":"William Bernet, Shenmeng Xu","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2605","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2605","url":null,"abstract":"Misinformation is widespread in political discourse, mental health literature, and hard science. This article describes recurrent publication of the same misinformation regarding parental alienation (PA), that is, variations of the statement: “PA theory assumes that the favored parent has caused PA in the child simply because the child refuses to have a relationship with the rejected parent, without identifying or proving alienating behaviors by the favored parent.” Ninety-four examples of the same misinformation were identified and subjected to citation analysis using Gephi software, which displays the links between citing material and cited material. The recurrent misinformation reported here is not trivial; these statements are significant misrepresentations of PA theory. Plausible explanations for this trail of misinformation are the psychological mindset of the authors (i.e., confirmation bias) and the authors' writing skills (e.g., sloppy research practices such as persistent use of secondary sources for their information). The authors of this article recommend that publications containing significant misinformation should be corrected or retracted.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10820091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Alcohol, gender, and violence: Factors influencing blame for partner aggression 酒精、性别和暴力:影响伴侣攻击责任的因素

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2604

Jody M. Ross, Jedidiah Davis

{"title":"Alcohol, gender, and violence: Factors influencing blame for partner aggression","authors":"Jody M. Ross, Jedidiah Davis","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2604","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2604","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol use has been associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) and reduced perpetrator blameworthiness, but this finding is not universal. Researchers examining alcohol and IPV-related blame often utilize vignettes depicting perpetrators who are sober and compare this to perpetrators depicted as more or less intoxicated. In this study, participants read one of three vignettes depicting male-to-female physical IPV. We compared participants' blame attributions across three conditions: perpetrator sober, perpetrator intoxicated-infrequent drinker, and perpetrator intoxicated-frequent drinker. Alcohol did not mitigate perpetrator blameworthiness for the assault; however, only the intoxicated-frequent drinker was rated as more blameworthy for his violence than the sober perpetrator. Participants also reported their own IPV perpetration, drinking behaviors, and gender role beliefs. Traditional gender role beliefs and a history of IPV perpetration were associated with shifting some of the blame onto the victim, and this was true for both men and women, especially when the perpetrator was described as a frequent drinker. Researchers should consider whether their alcohol vignettes might depict a behavior as reflecting the situation or the drinker's character, as this may impact their results. Furthermore, different observer characteristics may differentially predict blame attribution.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9561243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing symptom exaggeration of psychopathology in incarcerated individuals and mentally ill offenders within forensic contexts 在法医环境下评估被监禁者和精神病罪犯的精神病理学症状夸大

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2603

Natthawut Arin, Jiraporn Mengchuay

{"title":"Assessing symptom exaggeration of psychopathology in incarcerated individuals and mentally ill offenders within forensic contexts","authors":"Natthawut Arin, Jiraporn Mengchuay","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2603","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2603","url":null,"abstract":"In forensic contexts, there is a high probability that offenders may exaggerate illness to avoid legal punishment. Since very few empirical studies presently exist on this matter in Thailand, the objectives are to explore the prevalence rate of the exaggeration of psychopathological symptoms and to examine the detection strategy response styles for Thai version of the Symptom validity test (SVT-Th). An analysis of the factors that influence symptom exaggeration would also be included. Mixed participants included 608 individuals consisting of 528 Incarcerated individuals and 80 Mentally Ill Offenders (MIOs). SVT-Th indicated the prevalence rates of feigned psychopathology among overall offenders were 8.88%, 3.20% for incarcerated individuals, and 46.30% for MIOs. As expected, the endorsed average scores of the psychopathological symptoms using the Amplifier and Unlikely response style were recorded at similar amounts. Offenders with a history of mental illness exaggerated their symptoms to a greater degree than those without a history of mental illness. With regard to the type of crime and the number of offenses, no discrepancies of statistical significance were found. Interestingly, offenders who committed violent crimes, and with more than four times the number of offenses, were more likely to exaggerate their symptoms than the other subjects.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10291111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Transforensic psychiatry: Addressing inpatient aggression in the “gray zone” between general and forensic psychiatric care 跨法医精神病学:解决在普通和法医精神病学护理之间的“灰色地带”的住院患者攻击

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-11-08 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2602

Joost M. L. G. à Campo, Alfons van Impelen, Nicole Hamakers, Henk L. I. Nijman

引用次数: 0

Waiving goodbye to youth: Jurors perceive transferred juveniles differently from adults but render similar verdicts 向青少年告别:陪审员对被转移的青少年的看法与成年人不同，但做出的判决却相似

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-10-13 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2601

Jacqueline Katzman, Melanie B. Fessinger, Brian H. Bornstein, Kelly McWilliams

{"title":"Waiving goodbye to youth: Jurors perceive transferred juveniles differently from adults but render similar verdicts","authors":"Jacqueline Katzman, Melanie B. Fessinger, Brian H. Bornstein, Kelly McWilliams","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2601","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2601","url":null,"abstract":"Juveniles are developmentally different from adults but are often treated similarly in the criminal justice system. In case processing, many juveniles are transferred to adult courts. Before case processing, many juveniles are interrogated with the same tactics used against adults. Limited research has examined jurors' decisions in juvenile transfer cases, particularly those involving confession evidence. In two studies, we built on this small line of research and extended it to examine whether jurors make different decisions for juvenile versus adult defendants with differing types of confession evidence. Participants listened to a trial that varied in defendant age (Study 1: 16, 23; Study 2: 13, 16, 23, 42), interrogation pressure (low, high), and interrogation outcome (denial, confession). They rendered a verdict and rated the defendant on dangerousness and maturity. Age did not affect verdict in either study, but it did affect perceptions of dangerousness and maturity in both studies. Study 2 replicated and extended our findings by showing that differences in dangerousness and maturity were driven by participants' preexisting stereotypes about juveniles as superpredators. Overall, jurors recognized juveniles' lesser maturity but did not account for it in their verdicts. The stigma associated with the superpredator stereotype may limit jurors' sensitivity to the developmental vulnerabilities of juvenile defendants.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33504944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introductory essay: International perspectives on stalking from a psycho-criminological approach 导论文章:从心理犯罪学角度看跟踪的国际视角

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2600

Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan, Alan R. Felthous

引用次数: 0

Dealing with stalking cases in Lithuania: The role of public perceptions and legal response 立陶宛处理跟踪案件:公众认知和法律回应的作用

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2597

Ilona Laurinaitytė, Ilona Michailovič, Liubovė Jarutienė

引用次数: 1

Post break-up stalking: Police-officers' perceptions 分手后跟踪:警察的看法

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-09-25 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2595

Rita Mesquita, Mariana Gonçalves, Célia Ferreira, Marlene Matos

引用次数: 0

Victim reactions to being stalked: Examining the effects of perceived offender characteristics and motivations 受害者对被跟踪的反应:检查感知罪犯特征和动机的影响

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2599

Ryan Randa, Bradford W. Reyns, Ashley Fansher

{"title":"Victim reactions to being stalked: Examining the effects of perceived offender characteristics and motivations","authors":"Ryan Randa, Bradford W. Reyns, Ashley Fansher","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2599","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2599","url":null,"abstract":"The current research utilized the National Crime Victimization Survey Supplemental Victimization Survey to investigate stalking in the United States. These data, collected from stalking victims, address the relationship between victims' perceptions of the stalker's motives on two post-victimization outcomes. Specifically, we examined the relationship between the victim's assessment of motive and the degree of harm they reported, along with exploring the relationship between harm and the likelihoods of engaging in self-protective behaviors. Here, harm was measured through an index of specific fears, concerns, and emotional distresses. We found that the frequency of stalking behaviors, the duration of the stalking experience, and the overall invasiveness of the victimization, in addition to certain motives, were positively correlated with harm. Furthermore, we found that harm was positively correlated with a number of protective actions. For researchers, this work may serve to provide entry points in the development of new grounded theory. For practitioners in law enforcement, this work may provide insights into the invasive nature of stalking and the fear and harm caused to the victim.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33478718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3