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From Reddit to manifestos: Forensic evaluation of incel online activity 从 Reddit 到宣言：对 incel 在线活动的法医评估。
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2648
Juliette K. Dupré, Camille A. Tastenhoye, Nina E. Ross, Tetyana V. Bodnar, Susan Hatters Friedman
{"title":"From Reddit to manifestos: Forensic evaluation of incel online activity","authors":"Juliette K. Dupré,&nbsp;Camille A. Tastenhoye,&nbsp;Nina E. Ross,&nbsp;Tetyana V. Bodnar,&nbsp;Susan Hatters Friedman","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2648","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2648","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forensic evaluators are increasingly called upon to review online collateral information, including social media posts, web forum posts, chat histories, and other sources such as manifestos. This information is especially vital when assessing members of a virtual community such as that of the involuntary celibate, or incel community. While this new wealth of information can add valuable context to the forensic assessment, it presents unique challenges for the evaluator including challenges with authenticity and interpretation. This article will present an approach to evaluations of such collateral, including a review of the relevant empirical research in this area and touch upon important areas to consider in the forensic evaluation of incel online activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"42 2","pages":"115-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139898303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Internet is a scary place: How does evidence source and examinee race or ethnicity influence determinations of threat? 互联网是一个可怕的地方：证据来源和受检者的种族或民族如何影响对威胁的判断？
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2646
Madison R. Lord, Ashley B. Batastini, Colin J. Smith, Michael J. Vitacco, Tom Eddy
{"title":"The Internet is a scary place: How does evidence source and examinee race or ethnicity influence determinations of threat?","authors":"Madison R. Lord,&nbsp;Ashley B. Batastini,&nbsp;Colin J. Smith,&nbsp;Michael J. Vitacco,&nbsp;Tom Eddy","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2646","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2646","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Violent rhetoric online is becoming increasingly relevant to the practice of forensic mental health assessment as examinee's virtual lives may transform into real-world acts of violence. With the rise of a diverse subculture of violent online communities, the aim of the present study was to inform how concerns with online sources of collateral data and racial/ethnic biases may influence determinations of violence potential. Using an experimental design, jury-eligible participants (<i>N</i> = 278) and forensic mental health experts (<i>N</i> = 78) were presented with mock Twitter (now referred to as X) posts that varied by data source (i.e., how information was accessed) and the examinee's race/ethnicity. Results showed no differences in participants' ratings of data credibility, how much weight they would place on the posts in a threat assessment, or how likely the examinee was to act violently against his intended target. Implications regarding the interpretation of social media evidence, relevant limitations, and future research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"42 2","pages":"96-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139717922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Self-relevance enhances susceptibility to false memory 自我相关性会增强对虚假记忆的易感性。
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2644
Jianqin Wang, Bihan Wang, Henry Otgaar, Lawrence Patihis, Melanie Sauerland
{"title":"Self-relevance enhances susceptibility to false memory","authors":"Jianqin Wang,&nbsp;Bihan Wang,&nbsp;Henry Otgaar,&nbsp;Lawrence Patihis,&nbsp;Melanie Sauerland","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2644","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2644","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Eyewitness testimony serves as important evidence in the legal system. Eyewitnesses of a crime can be either the victims themselves—for whom the experience is highly self-referential—or can be bystanders who witness and thus encode the crime in relation to others. There is a gap in past research investigating whether processing information in relation to oneself versus others would later impact people's suggestibility to misleading information. In two experiments (<i>N</i>s = 68 and 122) with Dutch and Chinese samples, we assessed whether self-reference of a crime event (i.e., victim vs. bystander) affected their susceptibility to false memory creation. Using a misinformation procedure, we photoshopped half of the participants' photographs into a crime slideshow so that they saw themselves as victims of a nonviolent crime, while others watched the slideshow as mock bystander witnesses. In both experiments, participants displayed a self-enhanced suggestibility effect: Participants who viewed themselves as victims created more false memories after receiving misinformation than those who witnessed the same crime as bystanders. These findings suggest that self-reference might constitute a hitherto new risk factor in the formation of false memories when evaluating eyewitness memory reports.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"42 2","pages":"79-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139643137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The use of neurobiological evidence in sentencing mitigation 在量刑减刑中使用神经生物学证据。
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2645
Zain Khalid, Ruby Lee, Barry W. Wall
{"title":"The use of neurobiological evidence in sentencing mitigation","authors":"Zain Khalid,&nbsp;Ruby Lee,&nbsp;Barry W. Wall","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2645","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2645","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neurobiological evidence has grown increasingly relevant in U.S. criminal proceedings, particularly during sentencing. Neuroimaging, such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography scans, may be introduced by defense counsel to demonstrate brain abnormalities to argue for more lenient sentencing. This practice is common for penalty mitigation in cases eligible for capital punishment. This article reviews the history of the use of neuroscience in criminal cases from the early 20th Century to present, noting pertinent legal and ethical considerations for the use of such evidence. The authors review important empirical research conducted in recent years regarding the use of neurobiological evidence in legal proceedings (such as mock-juror studies) and guidance from the federal sentencing guidelines and the American Bar Association. The discussion also notes relevant case law in which neuroimaging, behavioral genetics, or other neurobiological data were introduced in criminal proceedings, particularly precedent-setting U.S. Supreme Court cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"42 2","pages":"65-78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139543249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Capital sentencing and neuropsychiatry 死刑判决与神经精神病学。
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2643
Samuel Jan Brakel, Douglas E. Tucker
{"title":"Capital sentencing and neuropsychiatry","authors":"Samuel Jan Brakel,&nbsp;Douglas E. Tucker","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2643","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2643","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The neuropsychiatric contribution to capital sentencing proceedings has grown substantially in recent decades as the consideration of neurological and psychiatric factors in criminal behavior has been increasingly accepted as relevant to the quest for justice. This review article will focus on the legal theories underlying neuropsychiatric input into capital sentencing decisions, as well as some of the investigative techniques and resulting data which may be offered by forensic neuropsychiatrists in this context. The death penalty is unique in its severity and irreversibility, as the courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court, have noted repeatedly. “Death is different,” and the recognition of this has generated a set of court decisions and statutes pertinent specifically to capital proceedings, both procedural and substantive.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"42 1","pages":"56-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forensic neuropsychiatric evaluation of a personal injury case 对一起人身伤害案件进行法医神经精神评估。
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2642
J. Richard Ciccone, Jerid Fisher, Josh C. W. Jones
{"title":"Forensic neuropsychiatric evaluation of a personal injury case","authors":"J. Richard Ciccone,&nbsp;Jerid Fisher,&nbsp;Josh C. W. Jones","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2642","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2642","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Civil litigation involving the forensic neuropsychiatric evaluation of a personal injury case requires an assessment of damages and causation. The expert witness is obliged to integrate data from three critical sources of information: the review of records; the results of neuropsychological testing; and the findings from the clinical examination. In civil litigation involving a personal injury claim, the expert witness can be expected to address causation and prognosis of any neuropsychiatric damages. We discuss the undertaking of a forensic neuropsychiatric evaluation, psychiatric disorders often encountered in personal injury litigation, provide case vignettes and describe a number of special types of forensic neuropsychiatric evaluations, for example, Workers' Compensation, VA Disability and Social Security Disability.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"42 1","pages":"46-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139032773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forensic neuropsychiatric aspects of epilepsy 癫痫的法医神经精神方面
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2641
Roy G. Beran, Manish A. Fozdar
{"title":"Forensic neuropsychiatric aspects of epilepsy","authors":"Roy G. Beran,&nbsp;Manish A. Fozdar","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2641","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2641","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Epilepsy may be associated with automatisms that are classed as ‘insane ‘as they are deemed to have originated within the mind. ‘Sane automatism’ is said to occur from external factors, such as physical trauma, while ‘insane automatism’ is said to be innate to the individual experiencing them. To claim automatism within the context of a criminal matter requires a detailed evaluation of the behavior demonstrated and a questioning of the volitional and purposeful nature of this behavior. It is insufficient to rely upon past behavior in association with these seizures to justify the defense of automatism within a specific event. Epilepsy is often considered to be associated with an increase in violence. Proper epidemiological research, both in long-term, large population control studies and hospital-based studies, has suggested that epilepsy, per se, is not associated with an increase in violence when compared to the population at large and controlled for other familial and environmental factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"42 1","pages":"39-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138684636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An overview of malingering and deception in neuropsychiatric cases 神经精神病学病例的装病和欺骗概述。
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2636
Richard Rogers, Scott D. Bender, Sara E. Hartigan
{"title":"An overview of malingering and deception in neuropsychiatric cases","authors":"Richard Rogers,&nbsp;Scott D. Bender,&nbsp;Sara E. Hartigan","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2636","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2636","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forensic practitioners must shoulder special responsibilities when evaluating over-stated pathology (e.g., malingering) as well as simulated adjustment. Such determinations may modify or even override other clinical findings. As a result, practitioners must be alert to their own misassumptions that may unintentionally bias their conclusions about response styles. Detection strategies for malingering—based on unlikely or markedly amplified presentations—are highlighted in this article. Given page constraints, assessment methods for feigning are succinctly presented with their applications to administrative, civil, and criminal referrals.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"42 1","pages":"28-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138478986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“It wasn't me, check the cameras!” Suspects' apparent verifiable responses might not indicate innocence “不是我，检查一下摄像机!”嫌疑犯表面上可证实的回答可能并不表明他是无辜的。
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2639
Ana Isabel Jiménez-González, Jaume Masip, Iris Blandón-Gitlin, Carmen Herrero
{"title":"“It wasn't me, check the cameras!” Suspects' apparent verifiable responses might not indicate innocence","authors":"Ana Isabel Jiménez-González,&nbsp;Jaume Masip,&nbsp;Iris Blandón-Gitlin,&nbsp;Carmen Herrero","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2639","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2639","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The verifiability of a suspect's alibi is often interpreted as a sign of innocence. Because the police resources are limited, verifiability could be used to dismiss suspects of minor offenses. We examined whether alibi verifiability actually indicates innocence for minor crimes. In Experiment 1, participants imagined they were guilty or innocent suspects of minor crimes and selected a response to convince the police of their innocence. Compared to innocent suspects, guilty suspects were more likely to select pseudo-verifiable responses (which seemed verifiable but were not) rather than non-verifiable responses. Experiment 2 revealed that pseudo-verifiable responses increased observers' perceptions of innocence (rather than guilt). Experiment 3 suggested that people infer the police will not verify alibis of minor crimes, which may lead people to invent pseudo-verifiable responses. These results indicate that apparent verifiability does not necessarily indicate innocence. The police should systematically test alternative hypotheses whenever they encounter apparent verifiable responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"41 6","pages":"504-525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2639","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138463678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The history of forensic neuropsychiatry 法医神经精神病学的历史。
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2640
Manish A. Fozdar
{"title":"The history of forensic neuropsychiatry","authors":"Manish A. Fozdar","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2640","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2640","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Significant advances in various disciplines of neurosciences, such as neurology, neuropsychiatry, neuroimaging, and neurogenetics, have caused an exciting field to emerge in the field of forensic neuropsychiatry called neurolaw. The resurgence of interest in this field has paralleled the renaissance of neuropsychiatry in the last few decades. This historical review of the practice of forensic neuropsychiatry provides an insight into the past with the hope that it will guide the future development of this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"42 1","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138463579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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