Behavioral Sciences & the Law最新文献_第8页

Structured instruments for insanity defense evaluations: Opportunities and limitations 精神错乱防御评估的结构化工具：机会和局限性。

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2618

Giovanna Parmigiani, Gabriele Mandarelli, Gerben Meynen, Stefano Ferracuti

引用次数: 0

Forensic assessment instruments: Their reliability and applicability to criminal forensic issues 法医评估工具：它们在刑事法医问题上的可靠性和适用性。

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-03-19 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2613

Richard Rogers, Kamar Y. Tazi, Eric Y. Drogin

{"title":"Forensic assessment instruments: Their reliability and applicability to criminal forensic issues","authors":"Richard Rogers, Kamar Y. Tazi, Eric Y. Drogin","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2613","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2613","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic evaluations have advanced considerably with the development of specialized measures validated on forensic and correctional samples. Prior to this progress, such evaluations relied heavily on extrapolations from general psychological tests to crucial, legally relevant questions. Since then, decades of empirical work have produced forensic assessment instruments (FAIs) addressing psycholegal standards in addition to forensically relevant instruments (FRIs) examining issues central to forensic practice (e.g., malingering) but not the standards themselves. This article provides a critical examination of the development, validation, and modern applications of six published FAIs that each address one of three broad criminal forensic issues (i.e., insanity, competency to stand trial, and Miranda abilities and waivers). Evaluations of the measures' reliability and validity particularly in forensic samples are highlighted. To complement FAIs, FRIs related to response styles are briefly explored. As a primary goal, forensic practitioners are provided with the knowledge and background about FAIs to enhance their criminal forensic practices.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9131050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk, resilience, and recovery in forensic mental health: An integrated conceptual model 法医心理健康的风险、复原力和恢复：一个综合概念模型。

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2615

Stephanie R. Penney, Suraya Faziluddin, Alexander I. F. Simpson, Patti Socha, Treena Wilkie

引用次数: 0

From “below chance” to “a single error is one too many”: Evaluating various thresholds for invalid performance on two forced choice recognition tests 从“机会不足”到“一个错误太多”：在两次强迫选择识别测试中评估无效性能的各种阈值。

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2609

Laszlo A. Erdodi

{"title":"From “below chance” to “a single error is one too many”: Evaluating various thresholds for invalid performance on two forced choice recognition tests","authors":"Laszlo A. Erdodi","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2609","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2609","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to empirically evaluate the classification accuracy of various definitions of invalid performance in two forced-choice recognition performance validity tests (PVTs; FCRCVLT-II and Test of Memory Malingering [TOMM-2]). The proportion of at and below chance level responding defined by the binomial theory and making any errors was computed across two mixed clinical samples from the United States and Canada (N = 470) and two sets of criterion PVTs. There was virtually no overlap between the binomial and empirical distributions. Over 95% of patients who passed all PVTs obtained a perfect score. At chance level responding was limited to patients who failed ≥2 PVTs (91% of them failed 3 PVTs). No one scored below chance level on FCRCVLT-II or TOMM-2. All 40 patients with dementia scored above chance. Although at or below chance level performance provides very strong evidence of non-credible responding, scores above chance level have no negative predictive value. Even at chance level scores on PVTs provide compelling evidence for non-credible presentation. A single error on the FCRCVLT-II or TOMM-2 is highly specific (0.95) to psychometrically defined invalid performance. Defining non-credible responding as below chance level scores is an unnecessarily restrictive threshold that gives most examinees with invalid profiles a Pass.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9076018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Evaluating the HCR-20V3 violence risk assessment measure with mentally disordered offenders and civil psychiatric patients in China HCR-20V3暴力风险评估方法在中国精神障碍罪犯和民事精神病患者中的评估

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2614

Yifan Chen, Kevin S. Douglas, Zhuo Zhang, Cunli Xiao, Haiyan Wang, Yuhao Wang, Ai Ma

引用次数: 0

Prediction of violence: Part contagious disease, part unpredictable individual: Is a public health assessment approach an additional option and at what cost? 暴力预测：部分是传染性疾病，部分是不可预测的个人：公共卫生评估方法是一种额外的选择吗？代价是什么？

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2611

Ryan C. W. Hall, Gregory Iannuzzi

引用次数: 0

Falling through the cracks: Failing to identify compromised Miranda abilities for defendants with limited cognitive capacities 陷入困境：未能识别认知能力有限的被告的米兰达能力受损。

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2610

Kamar Y. Tazi, Richard Rogers

{"title":"Falling through the cracks: Failing to identify compromised Miranda abilities for defendants with limited cognitive capacities","authors":"Kamar Y. Tazi, Richard Rogers","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2610","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2610","url":null,"abstract":"Custodial suspects must be informed of their Miranda rights (Miranda v. Arizona, 1966) prior to police questioning. Since this landmark decision, scholars have rigorously studied Miranda comprehension and reasoning among vulnerable groups including those with intellectual disabilities (ID). However, the focus on ID has left arrestees with limited cognitive capacities (i.e., LCCs with IQs between 70 and 85) entirely overlooked. The current dataset addressed this oversight using a large (N = 820) sample of pretrial defendants who had completed the Standardized Assessment of Miranda Abilities (SAMA). Traditional (i.e., ID and no-ID) criterion groups were first analyzed with the standard error of measurement (SEM) removed. Second, a nuanced three-group framework included defendants with LCCs. Results indicate that LCC defendants are vulnerable to impaired Miranda comprehension (i.e., limited recall of the Miranda warning and deficits in Miranda-related vocabulary knowledge). Not surprisingly, their waiver decisions were often impaired by crucial misconceptions (e.g., seeing the investigating officers as beneficently on their side). The practical implications of these findings were underscored with respect to Constitutional safeguards for this critically important group, who have appeared to fall through the cracks in the criminal justice system.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10821340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Childhood trauma as a mediator between attachment and recidivism risk: A study of Canadian offenders with mental disorders 童年创伤在依恋与再犯风险之间的中介作用:加拿大精神障碍罪犯的研究

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2612

G. Camelia Adams, Andrew J. Wrath, Mansfield Mela, Andrea DesRoches, Stephen Adams, Anita Andreen, Anne McKenna

{"title":"Childhood trauma as a mediator between attachment and recidivism risk: A study of Canadian offenders with mental disorders","authors":"G. Camelia Adams, Andrew J. Wrath, Mansfield Mela, Andrea DesRoches, Stephen Adams, Anita Andreen, Anne McKenna","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2612","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2612","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to explore the relationships between attachment and childhood trauma on recidivism risk in a sample of Canadian offenders with mental disorder (OMDs). N = 56 OMDs completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire, a measure of adult attachment (Experiences in Close Relationships Scale), and interview to determine recidivism risk (Level of Service/Case Management Inventory; LS/CMI). The variables of interest had small to moderate correlations. Multivariable regression analysis found that ACE scores but not attachment insecurity were associated with LS/CMI scores. Mediation analyses demonstrated that ACE scores fully mediated the association between attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance and recidivism risk. Results demonstrate that as exposure to diverse ACEs increased so did the risk to recidivate and this exposure mediated the relationship between attachment insecurity and recidivism risk. This study highlights the necessity of addressing both attachment insecurity and the experience of ACE when providing psychiatric services to OMDs.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9568723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the effect of prison time on landlords' willingness to rent to exonerees: A test of the stigma-by-association framework 考察监禁时间对房东出租给无罪犯人意愿的影响:对联想污名框架的检验

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-01-22 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2608

Leah Hamovitch, Samantha Pejic, Lesley Zannella, Jason C. Deska

{"title":"Examining the effect of prison time on landlords' willingness to rent to exonerees: A test of the stigma-by-association framework","authors":"Leah Hamovitch, Samantha Pejic, Lesley Zannella, Jason C. Deska","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2608","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2608","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers posit that stigma-by-association may account for the discrimination that exonerees experience post-release. Exonerees who serve a longer prison sentence may experience more stigma than exonerees who spent less time in prison. Across two studies, we examined whether criminal history (exoneree, releasee, or control) or prison time (5 or 25 years) impacted landlords' willingness to rent their apartment. Authors responded to one-bedroom apartment listings in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada, inquiring about unit availability. The rental inquiries were identical except for criminal history and prison time. Across both studies, results demonstrated that landlords were significantly less likely to respond, and indicate availability, to exonerees and releasees compared to control. Landlords discriminated against exonerees when the exoneree did not mention a formal exoneration (Study 1) and explicitly mentioned that he was exonerated by DNA evidence (Study 2). Prison time had no significant impact. A content analysis of landlords' replies revealed that exonerees and releasees experienced more subtle forms of discrimination compared to individuals without a criminal history. Together, our results demonstrate that individuals who were formerly incarcerated and associated with prison—whether it be for 5 years or 25 years or a rightful or wrongful conviction—experience housing discrimination upon their release.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9570185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Violence risk assessment of Sovereign Citizens: An exploratory examination of the HCR-20 Version 3 and the TRAP-18 主权公民的暴力风险评估:对HCR-20第三版和TRAP-18的探索性检查

IF 1.4 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2607

Lee M. Vargen, Darin J. Challacombe

引用次数: 0