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Introduction to special issue on advances in forensic mental health assessment 法医心理健康评估进展特刊简介。
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2624
Wade C. Myers, Alan R. Felthous
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the nature and prevalence of targeted violence perpetrated by persons found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder 探讨因精神失常而被认定无刑事责任的人实施有针对性暴力的性质和普遍程度
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-05-03 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2626
Madison F. E. Almond, Tonia L. Nicholls, Karen L. Petersen, Michael C. Seto, Anne G. Crocker
{"title":"Exploring the nature and prevalence of targeted violence perpetrated by persons found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder","authors":"Madison F. E. Almond,&nbsp;Tonia L. Nicholls,&nbsp;Karen L. Petersen,&nbsp;Michael C. Seto,&nbsp;Anne G. Crocker","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2626","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2626","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although mental illness has a demonstrated link with violence, the prevalence of targeted (planned and goal-directed) violence perpetrated by individuals with mental illness and its association with psychiatric symptoms is relatively unexplored. File information was compared for all 293 individuals found not criminally responsible due to mental illness in British Columbia between 2001 and 2005, of whom 19% had committed targeted violence. Most individuals with targeted offenses displayed at least one warning behavior before their offense (93%); all displayed delusions and approximately one third exhibited hallucinations. Compared to individuals who perpetrated non-targeted offenses, the individuals with targeted offenses displayed greater proportions of threats/criminal harassment, had female victims, displayed a psychotic disorder and/or personality disorder, and displayed delusions during the offense. This implies that severe psychiatric disorders do not preclude the perpetration of planned violence and suggests that exploring symptoms of mental illness that may be proximally indicative of targeted violence is important in preventing future acts.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9625302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Relations between peer influence, perceived costs versus benefits, and sexual offending among adolescents aware of sex offender registration risk 意识到性犯罪者登记风险的青少年中的同伴影响、感知成本与收益与性犯罪之间的关系
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2625
Cynthia J. Najdowski, Hayley M. D. Cleary, Paige M. Oja
{"title":"Relations between peer influence, perceived costs versus benefits, and sexual offending among adolescents aware of sex offender registration risk","authors":"Cynthia J. Najdowski,&nbsp;Hayley M. D. Cleary,&nbsp;Paige M. Oja","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2625","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2625","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A policy's general deterrent effect requires would-be offenders to be aware of the policy, yet many adolescents do not know they could be registered as sex offenders, and even adolescents who do know may still commit registerable sexual offenses. We tested whether peer influences shape the perceived costs/benefits of certain sexual offenses and, subsequently, registration policy's general deterrent potential in a sample of policy-aware adolescents. The more adolescents believed their peers approve of sexting of nude images, the more likely they were to have sexted. For forcible touching, having more positive peer expectations about sex and perceiving forcible touching as more prevalent among peers related to adolescents' likelihood of engaging in that behavior. Perceiving registration as a possible consequence was unrelated to sexual offending. Findings highlight the nuanced roles peers play in adolescent sexual decision-making and support emerging evidence that juvenile registration policy has limited general deterrent efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9624825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DSM-5-TR diagnosis as a guide to suicide risk assessment DSM-5-TR诊断作为自杀风险评估指南。
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2617
Alan R. Felthous, Neha Kulkarni, Catalina Belean
{"title":"DSM-5-TR diagnosis as a guide to suicide risk assessment","authors":"Alan R. Felthous,&nbsp;Neha Kulkarni,&nbsp;Catalina Belean","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2617","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2617","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A specific mental disorder can itself constitute a risk factor for a completed suicide. Even more important, the disorder is typically a modifiable risk factor which informs its own treatment. Recent editions of the DSM have included “suicide subsections” for specific mental disorders and conditions in which the risks of suicidal thoughts and behaviors for the disorder are noted in the literature. The DSM-5-TR can therefore serve as a compendium to be referred to for initial guidance as to whether a specific disorder could contribute to the risk. Adding completed suicides and suicide attempts, also addressed in these subsections, the sections were examined individually for the four parameters of suicidality. Accordingly, the four parameters of suicidality examined here are: suicide, suicidal thoughts, suicidal behavior, and suicide attempts. After providing interpretive comments for each, the parameters for all disorders with a suicide subsection were tabulated for ease of reference. Because specific medical disorders are also associated with elevated rates of suicide, these disorders and the supporting research are tabulated and briefly acknowledged. Allowing for the limitations of the suicide subsections and their analysis, this exegesis is proposed to contribute to training in risk assessment for forensic psychiatry and psychology fellows and to highlight the potential referential value of the DSM-5-TR's suicide subsections for clinical practitioners and those who pursue research on suicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9413997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ruling out feigned crime-related amnesia? A response to Acklin (2022) 排除与犯罪有关的假装失忆?对阿克林的回应(2022)
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2623
Steven James Rubenzer
{"title":"Ruling out feigned crime-related amnesia? A response to Acklin (2022)","authors":"Steven James Rubenzer","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2623","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2623","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In a recent paper, Acklin discussed a case of possible amnesia for a murder in terms of neurobiology, psychoanalysis, and personality assessment. Acklin accepted the defendant's claim of amnesia for the crime as genuine. The considerable literature that takes a skeptical view of crime-related amnesia was not cited, and the possibility of feigning or malingering was “ruled out” with a single sentence that does not withstand scrutiny. A review of the literature on feigned amnesia suggests that it may not be possible to rule out malingering even if the best available tools are used: There has been minimal investigation of most validity tests and estimates of base rates of feigned amnesia for a crime vary widely and make estimates of Negative Predictor Power highly unreliable. Although one cannot know from the information presented if Acklin's defendant legitimately experienced amnesia, feigning could not be ruled out using an interview and the test data cited by Acklin. I call for a moratorium on publication of further articles on crime specific amnesia that do not conscientiously examine other potential explanations and do not use current best practices for assessing negative response bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9916767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluations of competence to stand trial are evolving amid a national “competency crisis” 在国家“能力危机”中，对受审能力的评估正在演变。
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2620
Daniel C. Murrie, W. Neil Gowensmith, Lauren E. Kois, Ira K. Packer
{"title":"Evaluations of competence to stand trial are evolving amid a national “competency crisis”","authors":"Daniel C. Murrie,&nbsp;W. Neil Gowensmith,&nbsp;Lauren E. Kois,&nbsp;Ira K. Packer","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2620","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2620","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Across the United States, court orders for competence to stand trial (CST) evaluations and competence restoration services have been increasing much more rapidly than states can provide these services, prompting what has been called a national “competency crisis.” The challenge in providing timely competence restoration services has, in several jurisdictions, prompted a change in competence evaluations. Evaluators are more often required to address broader clinical issues—such as recommending placement or addressing the urgency of hospitalization—rather than addressing <i>only</i> CST. This marks an evolving practice in forensic evaluation, which moves evaluators beyond the very narrow forensic question of competence and into more traditionally clinical recommendations. We describe several state examples of changing practice in order to highlight the initial barriers, and potential benefits, to addressing additional clinical issues in competence evaluations, amid a national competence crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9663379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The forensic assessment of dissociation: Distinguishing real from the unreal 分离的法医学评估：区分真实与虚幻。
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2622
Charles L. Scott, Amanie M. Salem, William W. Tindell, Hunter K. Neely, Austin W. Blum
{"title":"The forensic assessment of dissociation: Distinguishing real from the unreal","authors":"Charles L. Scott,&nbsp;Amanie M. Salem,&nbsp;William W. Tindell,&nbsp;Hunter K. Neely,&nbsp;Austin W. Blum","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2622","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2622","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Because a wide range of disorders incorporate dissociative symptoms, evaluators should be familiar with evidence-based approaches to evaluating dissociation claims in the clinical and forensic context. This article provides specific guidelines for practitioners when conducting a forensic assessment of individuals who report dissociative symptoms. We review the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition disorders that include dissociation as a symptom, highlight how to distinguish genuine versus atypical symptoms of dissociative identity disorder, and summarize strengths and weaknesses of structured assessments in the evaluation of dissociative claims.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9234494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Examiners' perceptions of forensic mental health assessments conducted via videoconferencing 审查员对通过视频会议进行的法医心理健康评估的看法。
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2621
Josie Skala, Jacob X. Chavez, Katelin Anderson, Chinmoy Gulrajani
{"title":"Examiners' perceptions of forensic mental health assessments conducted via videoconferencing","authors":"Josie Skala,&nbsp;Jacob X. Chavez,&nbsp;Katelin Anderson,&nbsp;Chinmoy Gulrajani","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2621","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2621","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The COVID-19 pandemic led to an acceleration in the adoption of videoconferencing (VC) for conducting forensic mental health evaluations (forensic mental health assessments [FMHA]). Two years into the COVID-19 pandemic, we administered a survey to 71 Minnesota-licensed forensic evaluators. Approximately two-thirds (65.7%) had started using VC for FMHA only after the pandemic, though a combined 84.5% reported performing FMHA via VC frequently at present. A striking 43.7% of respondents preferred VC for FMHA over in-person evaluation, and another 22.5% expressed no preference between modalities. Further, nearly 70% of respondents denied there were any populations for which they would never use VC to complete an FMHA. We conclude that the widespread adoption of VC for FMHA with the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has induced a lasting change in the practice of FMHA. We postulate that with further advancements in technology and the development of testing instruments that can be administered online, the use of VC for FMHA will become standard practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9165960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Serial sexual murder by juveniles and the role of sexual sadism: An international study 青少年连环性谋杀与性虐待狂的作用：一项国际研究。
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2616
Wade C. Myers, Mark Safarik, Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan, Enzo Yaksic
{"title":"Serial sexual murder by juveniles and the role of sexual sadism: An international study","authors":"Wade C. Myers,&nbsp;Mark Safarik,&nbsp;Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan,&nbsp;Enzo Yaksic","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2616","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2616","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This is a descriptive study of 21 cases of serial sexual murder by children and adolescents spanning nearly the past century and a half. No earlier cases worldwide were identified. Each of these youth committed two or more sexual homicides prior to age 18. Their psychopathological, psychosocial, crime scene behaviors, and offender–victim relationship characteristics are presented. Additionally, the role of sexual sadism and its measurement using the SADSEX-SH rating scale is addressed. Nearly all of the sample had conduct disorder, a paraphilic disorder, and sadistic fantasies, and two-thirds had sexual sadism disorder. Family dysfunction, serious school problems, and average or above IQ levels were typical. Their modus operandi generally reflected predatory behavior and direct contact methods of killing were most common. Two case reports are provided to illustrate the breadth and complexity of these offenders. Juvenile Serial Sexual Homicide is an extremely rare but persistent phenomenon. Prognostic implications and future research directions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9165938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mind the past: A systematic review on psychological autopsy 回顾过去：心理学尸检的系统综述。
IF 1.4 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2619
Federico Pacchioni, Marta Bosia, Giulia Moretti, Cristiano Barbieri, Silvia Bellumore, Guido Travaini
{"title":"Mind the past: A systematic review on psychological autopsy","authors":"Federico Pacchioni,&nbsp;Marta Bosia,&nbsp;Giulia Moretti,&nbsp;Cristiano Barbieri,&nbsp;Silvia Bellumore,&nbsp;Guido Travaini","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2619","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2619","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Psychological Autopsy (PA) has become widespread to the point of being applied in many diverse fields. However, it is difficult to identify a standard model. In this systematic review, we focused on PA studies assessing mental illness as a major risk factor for suicide. The research, performed on Scopus, Embase, and Pubmed to cover the last 20 years led to 321 reports of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. Results confirmed mental illness as the main risk factor for suicide, followed by specific socio-demographic factors and life events. The analysis of methodologies depicted a still highly heterogeneous scenario, especially regarding data collection and variables included. However, concerning psychiatric evaluations, an initial standardization process of PA models emerged. In conclusion, the approach is in evolution, and novel guidelines are needed to promote the application of PA as a fundamental tool to inform suicide prevention efforts and to assist forensic examiners in court.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2619","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9147989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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