Behavioral Sciences & the Law最新文献

Transgender History, Part I: An Anthropology of Gender-Nonconformity Across Ages and Cultures.

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2714

Rodrigo Fontenele, Margarita Abi Zeid Daou

引用次数: 0

Relative Impact of Underreporting and Desistance on the Dark Figure of Sexual Recidivism.

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2715

Nicholas Scurich, Richard S John

{"title":"Relative Impact of Underreporting and Desistance on the Dark Figure of Sexual Recidivism.","authors":"Nicholas Scurich, Richard S John","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2715","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual recidivism rates based on arrests or convictions underestimate actual reoffending due to underreporting. A previous Monte Carlo simulation estimated actual recidivism rates under various reporting and conviction assumptions but did not account for desistance-the decreasing likelihood of reoffending over time. This study addresses that gap by incorporating a 12.3% annual desistance rate (from a well-known empirical study) and exploring its impact alongside varying charge rates (100%-5%). The results showed that reductions in charge rates lead to disproportionately large increases in recidivism. For instance, lowering the charge rate from 50% to 25% results in a much larger increase in actual recidivism than reducing it from 100% to 75%, despite both being 25% reductions. This indicates that as charge rates decrease, actual recidivism grows more sharply. A sensitivity analysis also examined desistance rates of 0%, 5%, 12.3%, and 20%. Higher desistance rates cause reoffending to occur earlier but have little impact on long-term totals. Over 25 years, reoffending rates remain similar across desistance rates, suggesting desistance affects the timing, but not the overall amount of reoffending.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rituals of Harm: Castration and Genealogies of Sacred Wound Cultures in the Hijra Communities of India.

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2713

Ina Goel

引用次数: 0

Pareto in Prison. 监狱中的帕累托。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2716

Mark A Morgan, Joshua S Long, Matthew W Logan, Frank Benton

{"title":"Pareto in Prison.","authors":"Mark A Morgan, Joshua S Long, Matthew W Logan, Frank Benton","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2716","url":null,"abstract":"The Pareto principle is based on the concept that roughly 80% of outcomes are generated by 20% of inputs, efforts, or contributors within a group. Using a national sample of U.S. prison inmates, we examined various percentile rankings of self-reported institutional misconduct to determine how much disorder is created behind bars by the most prolific offenders. Findings revealed that, regardless of sex, the top 20% of inmates were responsible for approximately 90% of all rule violations and write-ups received. These general patterns remained similar even after adjusting infractions for time served in prison. Further analyses indicated that membership within these high-rate groups was often significantly predicted by those who were younger, black, had more extensive criminal histories, committed violent crimes, resided in state facilities, anticipated being released, used drugs prior to their arrest, were diagnosed with a personality disorder or ADHD, and exhibited worse negative affect. Some sex-specific effects were also observed. The disproportionate impact these chronic offenders have on the prison environment is detrimental to all individuals who live and work around them. Future research should investigate specific types of misconduct, distinct time intervals of incarceration, and facility effects such as management style, security levels, or offender composition.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The development of legal rights for intersex persons: Part II: Advancement. 阴阳人法律权利的发展：第二部分：进步。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-12 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2701

Alan R Felthous, Chanchal Kahlon

引用次数: 0

Surgical Treatment of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals and Health Outcomes. 跨性别和性别多样化个体的手术治疗和健康结果。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2712

Elizabeth R Boskey, Jessica D Kant

引用次数: 0

Special issue: Sexual homicide and the lethal outcome in sexual crimes. 特刊：性杀人和性犯罪中的致命结果。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2693

Eric Beauregard, Julien Chopin, Heng Choon Oliver Chan

引用次数: 0

Parental involvement in school and school victimization in Taiwan: The mediating role of quality of student-teacher relationships. 台湾家长参与学校事务与校园伤害事件：师生关系质量的中介作用。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2696

Ji-Kang Chen, Hexin Yang, Chaoyue Wu, Chung-Ying Lin, Li-Chih Wang

{"title":"Parental involvement in school and school victimization in Taiwan: The mediating role of quality of student-teacher relationships.","authors":"Ji-Kang Chen, Hexin Yang, Chaoyue Wu, Chung-Ying Lin, Li-Chih Wang","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2696","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2696","url":null,"abstract":"A link between parental involvement in school and student victimization in school is often assumed, but empirical studies have shown inconsistent results. Research suggests that the quality of student-teacher relationships could potentially serve as a crucial mediating factor in the link between parental school involvement and student victimization in school. However, the proposition in question lacks sufficient empirical evidence to substantiate it. This paper examines how parental school involvement indirectly influences student victimization by peers and teachers in school mediated via the quality of student-teacher relationships. Additionally, it further investigates sex differences in the patterns of relationships among parental school involvement, quality of student-teacher relationships, and student victimization by peers and teachers in school. Data were derived from a nationally representative sample of 934 junior high school students and their parents/caregivers in Taiwan. The results revealed that parental school involvement had a nonsignificant direct association with school victimization by peers and teachers, but a significant indirect association with both types of school victimization mediated via the quality of student-teacher relationships. These findings are applicable to both boys and girls. To reduce school victimization, policies and intervention programs could consider promoting parental school involvement and the quality of student-teacher relationships.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":" ","pages":"61-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are risk assessment tools more accurate than unstructured judgments in predicting violent, any, and sexual offending? A meta-analysis of direct comparison studies. 在预测暴力犯罪、任何犯罪和性犯罪方面，风险评估工具比非结构化判断更准确吗？直接比较研究的荟萃分析。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2698

Jodi L Viljoen, Ilvy Goossens, Sanam Monjazeb, Dana M Cochrane, Lee M Vargen, Melissa R Jonnson, Adam J E Blanchard, Shanna M Y Li, Jourdan R Jackson

引用次数: 0

Survey of change-of-venue motions in appellate court transcripts of murder trials (2000-2020): Which factors make a difference? 对上诉法院谋杀案审判记录中变更审判地点动议的调查（2000-2020 年）：哪些因素会产生影响？

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2700

Nadav Goldschmied, Anna Ancona, Amanda Yap

{"title":"Survey of change-of-venue motions in appellate court transcripts of murder trials (2000-2020): Which factors make a difference?","authors":"Nadav Goldschmied, Anna Ancona, Amanda Yap","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2700","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2700","url":null,"abstract":"A court may move the location of the trial to another jurisdiction if the jury pool is deemed biased by the judge, a legal maneuver based on a \"Change of Venue\" motion (CoVm). We surveyed the frequency and the factors associated with granting the motion at the state level when the defendant was charged with murder. We reviewed court transcripts of appealed murder convictions during the 2000-2020 years from Nexis. We complied a sample of 832 CoVm and conducted a nested regression analysis. We repeated the procedure with a subset of 360 CoVm for which we could identify the race of the defendant and victim. Overall, the success rate of CoVm was 23.5% but varied widely between the states. The motion was more likely to be granted in jurisdictions with smaller populations and a policeman was the victim. It was also found that Black and Latino defendants were less successful than Whites in winning CoVm. The racial disparity in CoVm decisions is especially concerning given past findings that people of color suffer heightened negative local pretrial publicity. In light of the findings, we advocate for a more uniform state legislation.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":" ","pages":"135-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0