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Rituals of Harm: Castration and Genealogies of Sacred Wound Cultures in the Hijra Communities of India.
IF 1 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2713
Ina Goel
{"title":"Rituals of Harm: Castration and Genealogies of Sacred Wound Cultures in the Hijra Communities of India.","authors":"Ina Goel","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Existing within hierarchical kinship networks, requiring patronage of gurus, hijras, a 'third' gender community, undergo mandatory apprenticeship to a commune life through a discipleship-lineage system where castration is seen as a necessary truth and final rite of passage to achieve a virtuous hijra identity. This article examines the subjectivities of hijras from working-class backgrounds and narrows its focus to analyse how individual hijras develop an understanding of themselves from their occupied subject positions in the larger hijra community shaped by internal hijra cultural traditions (parampara) manifested through rituals of harm. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork of 10 years in New Delhi and its neighbouring states, this article discusses the genealogies of wound cultures through castration in the hijra community acquired through their experiential and vernacular knowledge systems of self-flagellation as a practice of ethical self-making for their sacred rebirth in a nirvana (a state of freedom from all suffering) body.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pareto in Prison. 监狱中的帕累托。
IF 1 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2716
Mark A Morgan, Joshua S Long, Matthew W Logan, Frank Benton
{"title":"Pareto in Prison.","authors":"Mark A Morgan, Joshua S Long, Matthew W Logan, Frank Benton","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Pareto principle is based on the concept that roughly 80% of outcomes are generated by 20% of inputs, efforts, or contributors within a group. Using a national sample of U.S. prison inmates, we examined various percentile rankings of self-reported institutional misconduct to determine how much disorder is created behind bars by the most prolific offenders. Findings revealed that, regardless of sex, the top 20% of inmates were responsible for approximately 90% of all rule violations and write-ups received. These general patterns remained similar even after adjusting infractions for time served in prison. Further analyses indicated that membership within these high-rate groups was often significantly predicted by those who were younger, black, had more extensive criminal histories, committed violent crimes, resided in state facilities, anticipated being released, used drugs prior to their arrest, were diagnosed with a personality disorder or ADHD, and exhibited worse negative affect. Some sex-specific effects were also observed. The disproportionate impact these chronic offenders have on the prison environment is detrimental to all individuals who live and work around them. Future research should investigate specific types of misconduct, distinct time intervals of incarceration, and facility effects such as management style, security levels, or offender composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The development of legal rights for intersex persons: Part II: Advancement 阴阳人法律权利的发展：第二部分：进步。
IF 1 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-12 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2701
Alan R. Felthous, Chanchal Kahlon
{"title":"The development of legal rights for intersex persons: Part II: Advancement","authors":"Alan R. Felthous,&nbsp;Chanchal Kahlon","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2701","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2701","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Having addressed the nature and complexity of intersexuality including commonalities with and differences from the transgender condition, we now address major legal challenges to the bisexual status quo through the legal advancement of rights for intersexual persons. Identified here are four domains in which the rights of intersex individuals are being advanced through litigation and legislation: (a) Sex assignment at birth and in early childhood, including the individual's right to consent and self-determination and to be spared from surgery that is not needed for medical reasons; (b) the right to change one's legal sex on legal documents such as birth certificates and passports, (c) the right of intersex persons to marry, and (d) the right not to be discriminated against. Within this legal framework, we identify commonalities with and differences from the struggle for rights within the transgender community.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"43 2","pages":"261-273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Surgical Treatment of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals and Health Outcomes. 跨性别和性别多样化个体的手术治疗和健康结果。
IF 1 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2712
Elizabeth R Boskey, Jessica D Kant
{"title":"Surgical Treatment of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals and Health Outcomes.","authors":"Elizabeth R Boskey, Jessica D Kant","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gender affirming surgeries are procedures that are used by transgender and gender diverse individuals to align their bodies to their gender identities. These have been shown to improve the mental health and wellbeing of those individuals who choose to access them. Rates of regret associated with gender affirming surgeries are low, and in addition to improving mental health and quality of life, these procedures have the potential to make it safer for transgender and gender diverse people to move through the world. This article provides a narrative review that places gender affirming surgeries in the current sociopolitical context of the United States. It describes common types of gender affirming surgery, protocols for surgical assessment, and the risks and benefits of surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Development of Legal Rights for Intersex Persons: Part I: The Diversity of Intersex Conditions 阴阳人法律权利的发展：第一部分：阴阳人状况的多样性。
IF 1 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-12-22 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2705
Alan R. Felthous, Chanchal Kahlon
{"title":"The Development of Legal Rights for Intersex Persons: Part I: The Diversity of Intersex Conditions","authors":"Alan R. Felthous,&nbsp;Chanchal Kahlon","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2705","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2705","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As the nature of transgender condition becomes better understood and the legal rights of transgender individuals are defined through court decisions and legislation, intersexuality ought not be overlooked. Potential commonalities as well as differences between intersexual and transgender individuals, clinically and psychosexually, may be mutually informing and relevant to their legal rights in ways that could implicate mental health services. In this review, the concepts of intersexuality and Disorders of Sexual Development are defined followed by a brief synopsis of the evolution of ancient conception of hermaphroditism into the vastly heterogenous biological conditions of today referred to as DSDs. A growing corpus of scholarly literature today argues that intersex persons should be regarded as having diverse sexual characteristics and as not disordered. Nonetheless, various conditions require understanding if the intersex person is to make informed decisions and if health providers are to recognize those conditions that constitute medical emergencies. This review and analysis compares intersex with transgender persons and provides current clinical and scientific knowledge as essential background for Part II, our following article on the advancement of legal rights of intersex persons.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"43 2","pages":"248-260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regulation of Sexual Behavior and Health in German Prisons and Forensic Psychiatric Hospitals. 德国监狱和法医精神病院的性行为和健康管理。
IF 1 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2711
Hanna H Hanss, Susanne Bründl, Maria Krasnova, Johannes Fuss
{"title":"Regulation of Sexual Behavior and Health in German Prisons and Forensic Psychiatric Hospitals.","authors":"Hanna H Hanss, Susanne Bründl, Maria Krasnova, Johannes Fuss","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals housed in prisons or forensic hospitals experience significant restrictions on their sexual rights. There is a lack of data on how sexual behavior and sexual health of institutionalized persons are managed and to what extent they are based on shared guidelines or decisions of the individual staff. Using a standardized online questionnaire, the heads of 35 prisons and 32 forensic psychiatric hospitals across 14 German federal states were surveyed, reflecting the situation of 16,902 inmates and patients. The findings reveal an absence of shared guidelines as well as an institution-specific approach to sexual behavior and sexual health. Exploratory multiple linear regression identified four variables that predict differences in the regulation of individual's sexual behavior and sexual health: type of institution (prison or forensic hospital), percentage of institutionalized sex offenders, number of housed individuals, and an item concerning the sexuality-related attitudes of the respondent. Respondents, particularly in the field of forensic psychiatry, expressed a general desire for guidelines. Our study shows that possibilities for sexual expression and sexual health vary strongly, depending on the institution. Therefore, it appears useful and desirable to develop guidelines on how to regulate sexual behavior and sexual health of institutionalized individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Risk of What and Why? Disaggregating Pathways to Extremist Behaviours in Individuals Susceptible to Violent Extremism 风险是什么？为什么？易受暴力极端主义影响的个体走向极端主义行为的途径。
IF 1 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-12-08 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2710
Caitlin Clemmow, Nicola Fowler, Amber Seaward, Paul Gill
{"title":"Risk of What and Why? Disaggregating Pathways to Extremist Behaviours in Individuals Susceptible to Violent Extremism","authors":"Caitlin Clemmow,&nbsp;Nicola Fowler,&nbsp;Amber Seaward,&nbsp;Paul Gill","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2710","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2710","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Best practice in violent extremist risk assessment and management recommends adopting a Structured Professional Judgement (SPJ) approach. The SPJ approach identifies relevant, evidence-based risk and protective factors and requires experts to articulate hypotheses about a) what the person might do (risk of what), and b) how they've come to engage in the concerning behaviour (and why) (Logan 2021) to inform who, needs to do what, and when. Whilst the field continues to move towards adopting an SPJ approach, there remains a gap between what is known empirically and what is needed in practice. We apply psychometric network modelling to a sample of 485 individuals entered into Channel, the UK's preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) program. We model the system of interactions from which susceptibility to violent extremism emerges, providing data driven evidence which speaks to risk of what and why. Our research highlights a way to generate evidence which captures the multifactorial nature of susceptibility to violent extremism, to support professional decision making in the context of an SPJ approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"43 2","pages":"228-247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2710","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Classifying Female Sexual Homicide Offenders: A Latent Class Analysis of Murder Arrestees in the U.S. 分类女性性杀人罪犯：美国谋杀被捕者的潜在阶级分析
IF 1 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-12-08 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2709
Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan, Matt DeLisi, Timothy G. Edgemon
{"title":"Classifying Female Sexual Homicide Offenders: A Latent Class Analysis of Murder Arrestees in the U.S.","authors":"Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan,&nbsp;Matt DeLisi,&nbsp;Timothy G. Edgemon","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2709","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2709","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research on sexual homicides has primarily focused on male offenders, and thus little is known about female offenders who perpetrated sexual homicides. This study aimed to develop the first statistical classification of female single-victim (SV) sexual homicide offenders (SHOs) using the U.S. FBI's Supplementary Homicide Reports database that spanned over a 47-year period (1976–2022). A latent class analysis (LCA) was computed to detect subtypes of female SHOs in a sample of 158 offenders. Findings of the LCA identified two unique classes of female SHOs exist within the data: White intra-familial offenders and Black extra-familial offenders. The distinguishing features of these two classes were the offender's racial group, the victim's age and racial groups, the offender-victim relationship, the geographical urbanness level of crime location, and weapon use. This empirically-derived offender classification can be informative to law enforcement agents and security professionals in their investigative strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"43 2","pages":"217-227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2709","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stranger Danger: Analyzing Offender Behaviors Based on Victim Approach Tactics in Sexual Homicide 陌生人危险：基于被害人接近策略的性杀人犯罪行为分析。
IF 1 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2708
Zena Rossouw, Eric Beauregard, Julien Chopin
{"title":"Stranger Danger: Analyzing Offender Behaviors Based on Victim Approach Tactics in Sexual Homicide","authors":"Zena Rossouw,&nbsp;Eric Beauregard,&nbsp;Julien Chopin","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2708","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2708","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Victims of sexual homicide may be deceived by perpetrators who use a friendly approach to gain access to them, making it difficult for the victim to assess the danger posed by the stranger. When investigating sexual homicides committed by strangers, investigators often lack direct information, including how the perpetrator gained access to the victim. To identify potential predictors of the approach method used in sexual homicides, this study analyzed the preferences and behaviors of sexual murderers who target strangers based on their approach method. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that in comparison to offenders using “blitz” or “surprise” attacks, those using a deceptive “con” approach tended to have more male victims, exploit vulnerability, and exhibit post-crime organization by relocating the victim's body and successfully disposing of the weapon used in the crime. Their crimes also more frequently involved oral sex and had lower rates of victim beating. This study discusses the investigative implications of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"43 2","pages":"203-216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2708","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
False Confessions: An Integrative Review of the Phenomenon 虚假供述：对该现象的综合评价。
IF 1 3区 社会学
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2707
Michael Welner, Matt DeLisi, Theresa Janusewski
{"title":"False Confessions: An Integrative Review of the Phenomenon","authors":"Michael Welner,&nbsp;Matt DeLisi,&nbsp;Theresa Janusewski","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2707","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2707","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Confessions are an important evidentiary part of the legal process, and false confessions have been notable contributors to wrongful convictions. However, academic research in the psychology and law field primarily relies on student or volunteer samples in staged exercises, methodological features that lack ecological validity for replicating police interrogation or the pressures distinctive to high stakes crime investigations. Here, we provide an integrative review of research and data on false confessions during police interrogations with distinctions of key concepts, relevant case law pertaining to confessions including several U.S. Supreme Court decisions, updating the typology of false confessions, the quantification of false confessions, risk factors for false confessions, interrogation risk factors for false confessions, validity threats to false confessions research, and recommended directions for informing courts and the law.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"43 2","pages":"185-202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2707","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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