Behavioral Sciences & the Law最新文献_第6页

Love, Money, and Blame: Effects of Emotional and Economic Hardship on Judgments of Criminal Behavior 爱情、金钱与指责：情感和经济困难对犯罪行为判断的影响。

IF 1.3 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2026-06-03 Epub Date: 2026-03-19 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.70055

Philip Robbins, Fernando Alvear

{"title":"Love, Money, and Blame: Effects of Emotional and Economic Hardship on Judgments of Criminal Behavior","authors":"Philip Robbins, Fernando Alvear","doi":"10.1002/bsl.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>How do people judge criminal offenders whose early lives were marked by hardship? In three preregistered studies (total <i>N</i> = 893), we explored how emotional adversity (abuse and neglect) and economic disadvantage (poverty) shape judgments of criminal behavior. Participants evaluated fictional offenders after learning about their upbringing. Study 1 showed that both types of hardship independently reduced blame for criminal behavior, though neither reduced punishment. Mediation analyses indicated that the reduction of blame was driven by increased sympathy, diminished perceptions that the behavior expressed the offender's moral character, and reduced perceived control over moral self-formation. Study 2 replicated the mitigating effect of abuse and neglect on blame but again found no moderation by economic status. Study 3 showed that poverty reduced both blame and punishment, especially for crimes plausibly motivated by financial need. Together, the findings suggest that emotional and economic hardship independently mitigate moral judgment through overlapping psychological mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"44 3","pages":"479-494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147481793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Equal Opportunity Disadvantage or Levels of Harm: Examining Differences in Collateral Consequences of the Sex Offender Registry by Race and Sexual Orientation 机会均等、劣势或伤害程度：按种族和性取向考察性犯罪者登记附带后果的差异。

IF 1.3 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2026-06-03 Epub Date: 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.70045

Chris Wakefield, Ilan H. Meyer, Lauren J. Bouton, Lara Stemple, Tamara Rice Lave

{"title":"Equal Opportunity Disadvantage or Levels of Harm: Examining Differences in Collateral Consequences of the Sex Offender Registry by Race and Sexual Orientation","authors":"Chris Wakefield, Ilan H. Meyer, Lauren J. Bouton, Lara Stemple, Tamara Rice Lave","doi":"10.1002/bsl.70045","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Collateral consequences of the sex offender registry in the United States have been documented for decades, but few studies have examined whether demographic or structural conditions affect the frequency or severity of collateral consequences on sex offenders. We report on a nationwide survey of cisgender men required to register on a sex offense registry. We describe the impact of collateral consequences of sex offender management in key areas, including housing, employment, health, and victimization. We expand on previous literature by examining differential experiences of sex offender conviction based on sexual orientation and race/ethnicity. Non-White persons and non-straight persons were not more likely to experience collateral consequences in specific types of collateral consequence nor the range of possible consequences. The only factor that protected registered sex offenders from collateral consequences was educational attainment. Our findings suggest that the sex offender registry flattens all persons to a similar level of disadvantage.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"44 3","pages":"388-406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling Bias: The Impact of Male Rape Myths and Stereotypes on Juror Verdicts in Male-on-Male Rape Trials 揭露偏见：男性强奸神话和刻板印象对陪审团在男性对男性强奸审判中的判决的影响。

IF 1.3 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2026-06-03 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.70044

Lee J. Curley, B. Kennath Widanaralalage, Dominic Willmott, Joanna Ermenkova

{"title":"Unveiling Bias: The Impact of Male Rape Myths and Stereotypes on Juror Verdicts in Male-on-Male Rape Trials","authors":"Lee J. Curley, B. Kennath Widanaralalage, Dominic Willmott, Joanna Ermenkova","doi":"10.1002/bsl.70044","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examined how male rape myths, racial/ethnicity biases, and sexuality stereotypes influence verdicts in male-on-male rape trials—an area that is currently under-researched. A sample of 463 participants read a mock rape trial, where both the defendant and complainant were male, with defendant ethnicity (White, Black, Asian) and complainant sexuality (homosexual, heterosexual) manipulated across conditions. Participants completed the Male Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (MRMAS) before the trial and the Juror Decision Scale (JDS) afterwards. Results showed that defendant and complainant believability (subscales of the JDS) mediated the relationship between rape myth acceptance and verdicts, indicating that pre-trial biases shape jurors' story formation and verdict-making. Qualitative data demonstrates divergent narrative logics between high and low MRMA participants. Further, it was also found that both defendant ethnicity and complainant sexuality did not significantly influence verdicts. Findings highlight how underlying biases affect juror judgements and underscore the implications of this research are considered in the context of jury-reform initiatives already underway across the UK. Limitations and future research discussed within.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"44 3","pages":"407-424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.70044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On Second Thought: The Impact of Confessions, DNA, and Belief Perseverance on Students' Perceptions of Guilt and Interrogations 再思考：认罪、DNA和信念坚持对学生内疚和审讯感知的影响。

IF 1.3 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2026-06-03 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.70048

Taya D. Henry, Kimberley A. Clow, Victoria Hall

引用次数: 0

Optimized Risk Assessment in Forensic Practice: A Comparison of Machine Learning and Manual Scoring Approaches 法医实践中的优化风险评估：机器学习和人工评分方法的比较。

IF 1.3 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2026-06-03 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.70046

Danielle J. Rieger, Ralph C. Serin, Shelley L. Brown

{"title":"Optimized Risk Assessment in Forensic Practice: A Comparison of Machine Learning and Manual Scoring Approaches","authors":"Danielle J. Rieger, Ralph C. Serin, Shelley L. Brown","doi":"10.1002/bsl.70046","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As correctional jurisdictions and risk instrument developers look to optimize scoring for specific population needs, an open question remains - which method is optimal. Popular scoring methods range from manual simple scoring approaches (e.g., Burgess) to more complex machine learning algorithms (e.g., random forests). Prior comparisons between approaches have produced similarly acceptable levels of predictive validity. This study compares scoring methods beyond predictive validity to also assess calibration, item inclusion, and item weighting and discusses drawbacks of each approach. Scoring was developed for an actuarial release decision making risk assessment tool—the Reduction in Capacity Evaluation (ReduCE)—using manual (unweighted, Burgess, Nuffield, Nuffield 2.5, regression) and machine learning (artificial neural network, random forests) scoring methods. The machine learning methods did not outperform the manual methods in predictive validity or calibration and introduced drawbacks on item inclusion and weighting. The optimal approach for ReduCE was the Nuffield 2.5 method.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"44 3","pages":"349-360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Status Update on U.S. Adult Mental Health Courts 美国成人心理健康法庭现状更新

IF 1.3 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2026-04-06 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.70035

Laura N. Honegger, Stacy Dewald, Althia Gayle, Badriah Alharbi

{"title":"A Status Update on U.S. Adult Mental Health Courts","authors":"Laura N. Honegger, Stacy Dewald, Althia Gayle, Badriah Alharbi","doi":"10.1002/bsl.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mental health courts (MHCs) are a growing component of the U.S. criminal justice system's response to individuals with mental illness. Yet, key aspects of contemporary MHC practices, such as eligibility criteria, assessment of risk-need-responsivity principles, integration of trauma-informed care, use of sanctions and incentives, and access to community resources, remain understudied. In response, we conducted a survey study of 70 U.S. adult MHCs to explore these domains. Our findings indicate broadened eligibility criteria, with increases in acceptance of violent offenses and greater inclusion of non-traditional primary diagnoses (e.g., developmental disabilities and traumatic brain injuries). Fewer than a quarter of respondents reported bilingual MHC staff and translated program materials. Most MHCs employed at least one risk assessment tool. Just over 90% of MHCs included jail sanctions on their menu of options, with the majority incarcerating participants for 6 days or less on average. Tailored sanctions and incentives were perceived as being most effective, but expansion of available incentives is hindered by lack of funding. MHCs identified housing, inpatient psychiatric units, and co-occurring disorders resources as the most needed resources for participants. Our findings highlight the differences across MHCs that persist across jurisdictions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"44 2","pages":"204-223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145893502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adolescent Cyberviolence in South Korea: A Multi-Year, National Population-Based Study of Cyberviolence Prevalence (2017–2024) 韩国青少年网络暴力：一项基于全国人口的网络暴力流行率多年研究（2017-2024）。

IF 1.3 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2026-04-06 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.70043

Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan, Hong-Jun Park, Evelyn Svingen

{"title":"Adolescent Cyberviolence in South Korea: A Multi-Year, National Population-Based Study of Cyberviolence Prevalence (2017–2024)","authors":"Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan, Hong-Jun Park, Evelyn Svingen","doi":"10.1002/bsl.70043","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the rise of digital technology, adolescent cyberviolence has become a growing global concern in public health and criminal justice. This study used nationally representative data from South Korea (2017–2024) to examine the prevalence of eight types of cyberviolence (i.e., verbal abuse, defamation, stalking, sexual abuse, personal information leakage, bullying, extortion and coercion) among adolescents aged 10–18 years. It also analysed differences between sexes, age groups and time periods (i.e., before, during and after COVID-19). The findings showed that male adolescents were generally more likely than females to be both victims and perpetrators of cyberviolence, except in the case of cyberstalking victimisation. The adolescents aged 13–15 reported higher rates of both victimisation and perpetration than their younger (aged 10–12) and older (aged 16–18) peers, except in the context of cyberbullying victimisation. Notably, cyberviolence rates were lower during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022) than the pre-pandemic (2017–2019) and post-pandemic (2023–2024) periods. This is arguably the first study to track cyberviolence among South Korean adolescents over an eight-year period using data from over 56,000 participants. The results offer critical insights into patterns of online aggression among adolescents across sexes and age groups and through significant societal disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"44 2","pages":"313-331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stranger Rape or Impromptu Consensual Sex? Investigating Mock Juror Decision-Making in a Genuine Contested Rape Trial 陌生人强奸还是即兴性行为？在一起真正有争议的强奸案审判中调查模拟陪审员的决策。

IF 1.3 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2026-04-06 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.70032

Dominic Willmott, Rosie Woodhams

{"title":"Stranger Rape or Impromptu Consensual Sex? Investigating Mock Juror Decision-Making in a Genuine Contested Rape Trial","authors":"Dominic Willmott, Rosie Woodhams","doi":"10.1002/bsl.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study was to better understand juror decision-making in a less typical rape trial scenario where even prior acquaintance is disputed. Adopting an improved mock trial paradigm including a video-recorded recreation of a genuine rape allegation and jury-group deliberation, 156 jury-eligible participants took part in 1 of 13 identical 12-person mock trials. Pre-trial, a psychosocial questionnaire was conducted and post-trial, juries deliberated attempting to reach a unanimous verdict. Regression analyses revealed that male jurors, those with greater belief in rape myths and lower scores in interpersonal manipulation were most likely to return <i>not guilty</i> verdicts pre-deliberation. Post-deliberation, increased self-esteem and rape myth acceptance scores were associated with <i>not guilty</i> verdict selections. Female and Caucasian jurors were most likely to change their decision following group-deliberation. This research has important implications for understanding the role that juror biases can have on rape trial outcomes with jury reform initiatives discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"44 2","pages":"169-180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145726623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Offender Schizophrenia Diagnosis on Public Perceptions of Crime and Punishment 罪犯精神分裂症诊断对公众罪刑认知的影响。

IF 1.3 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2026-04-06 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.70040

Morgan M. Queen, Elizabeth Goncy

引用次数: 0

Comparing the Convenience, Data Quality, Generalizability, and Outcomes of Student- and MTurk-Generated Data in an Experimental Vignette Rape Perception Study 在一项实验性小插曲强奸感知研究中，比较学生和土耳其人生成数据的便利性、数据质量、概括性和结果。

IF 1.3 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2026-04-06 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.70039

Suzanne St. George, Edmond Osei Arhin

{"title":"Comparing the Convenience, Data Quality, Generalizability, and Outcomes of Student- and MTurk-Generated Data in an Experimental Vignette Rape Perception Study","authors":"Suzanne St. George, Edmond Osei Arhin","doi":"10.1002/bsl.70039","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vignette experiments assessing rape perceptions commonly use samples drawn from convenient sources, like university students or online crowdsourcing platforms like Amazon's Mechanical Turk. In the current study we compared the ease of data collection, cost, data quality, demographic characteristics, and experiment conclusions across these two sample sources, which were collected in a vignette experiment assessing mock jurors' perceptions of a hypothetical sexual assault. Results showed it was faster but more expensive to collect MTurk responses compared to student responses. Samples varied across several data quality measures, with students passing more manipulation checks and returning proportionately more usable cases than MTurkers. We also found considerable demographic differences between the samples, as well as rape myth acceptance (RMA) and victim blaming attitudes. Findings indicate that experiments' results and implications depend on sample source; pinpointing the factors that consistently influence rape perceptions, including RMA, will require replicating studies using diverse sample sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"44 2","pages":"249-264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146004320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0