Behavioral Sciences & the Law最新文献_第4页

Jurors’ perceptions of transgender victims of sexual assault: A literature review of empirical research and policy review of judicial instructions 陪审员对性侵犯变性受害者的看法：实证研究文献综述和司法指示政策综述。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2694

Gianni Ribeiro, Faye T. Nitschke

{"title":"Jurors’ perceptions of transgender victims of sexual assault: A literature review of empirical research and policy review of judicial instructions","authors":"Gianni Ribeiro, Faye T. Nitschke","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2694","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2694","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual assault affects many people of all gender identities, yet most cases do not result in conviction. This may be due to common, inaccurate misperceptions juries hold about how sexual assault is perpetrated and how victims respond to sexual assault. Research has examined misperceptions relating to cisgender victims, yet little is known about the unique misconceptions and stereotypes that may unfairly disadvantage transgender victims or whether courts are attempting to safeguard against them. This article presents a literature review of empirical research on (mock) jurors’ perceptions of transgender victims and a review of judicial instructions about gender identity. We find that empirical research is extremely limited with mixed findings, but many jurisdictions allow for judicial instructions warning jurors against prejudice based on gender identity. Further research is urgently needed to identify common misperceptions jurors may have that are specific to transgender victims to inform legal safeguards and improve justice outcomes.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"43 1","pages":"7-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Special issue: Sexual homicide and the lethal outcome in sexual crimes 特刊：性杀人和性犯罪中的致命结果。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2693

Eric Beauregard, Julien Chopin, Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan

引用次数: 0

Patterns of teachers' responses to school bullying and their associations with training, self-efficacy, and age: A moderated mediation model 教师应对校园欺凌的模式及其与培训、自我效能感和年龄的关系：调节中介模型。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2692

Wan-Yu Hua, Wen-Chi Wu, Hsi-Ping Nieh, Yi-Han Chang

引用次数: 0

Political bias in interpreting social media for forensic purposes: An introductory editorial essay 为法医目的解读社交媒体时的政治偏见：一篇介绍性社论文章。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2690

Alan R. Felthous, Michael J. Vitacco

引用次数: 0

To tell or not to tell about bullying—New insights from the study on the perceptions of criminal sanctioning, anticipation of school punishment, agency, and trust toward school staff 对欺凌行为说还是不说--关于对刑事制裁的看法、对学校惩罚的预期、代理权以及对学校工作人员的信任的研究新见解。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2688

Anna M. Helka, Małgorzata Wójcik, Karolina Dukała, Joanna Kabzińska, Olga Piaskowska, Piotr Piesiewicz

{"title":"To tell or not to tell about bullying—New insights from the study on the perceptions of criminal sanctioning, anticipation of school punishment, agency, and trust toward school staff","authors":"Anna M. Helka, Małgorzata Wójcik, Karolina Dukała, Joanna Kabzińska, Olga Piaskowska, Piotr Piesiewicz","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2688","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2688","url":null,"abstract":"The primary aim of this study was to determine whether perceptions of criminal sanctioning and school punishment predict students' willingness to report different types of bullying (material, physical, sexual, verbal, relational, and cyberbullying). An online survey was conducted with secondary school students (n = 1092) as participants. Traditionally included predictors (trust toward school staff, cost of reporting bullying, gender, and school agency) were also incorporated into a multiple linear regression analysis. The perception of criminal sanctioning for a particular type of bullying was a significant predictor of the willingness to report a given type of bullying, whereas anticipation of school punishment was relevant only in the case of cyberbullying. Trust toward school staff and gender were also significant predictors of willingness to report any type of bullying. School agency helped predict the willingness to report any kind of bullying except cyberbullying. Surprisingly, the costs of reporting bullying were relevant only in the case of material bullying. These results have important implications for stakeholders and school administration in identifying unreported bullying, developing and implementing anti-bullying policies, and introducing programs aimed at improving students' legal awareness.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"42 6","pages":"684-700"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of a defendant's childhood physical abuse on lay support for sentencing: The moderating role of essentialism 被告童年遭受身体虐待对非专业人士支持量刑的影响：本质论的调节作用。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2686

Sandy S. Xie, Colleen M. Berryessa

{"title":"The effects of a defendant's childhood physical abuse on lay support for sentencing: The moderating role of essentialism","authors":"Sandy S. Xie, Colleen M. Berryessa","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2686","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2686","url":null,"abstract":"Research suggests that a defendant's history of experiencing childhood abuse, and its effects on their life and later decision-making, may impact public support for a defendant's sentencing, particularly mitigation. However, no existing research has examined how and why sentencing support may vary based on the time period when the abuse occurs during a defendant's childhood. This experiment, using a sample of the U.S. public (N = 400), examines how the age at which a defendant's childhood physical abuse occurs affects lay support for the goals of their sentencing. We hypothesized that participants with higher levels of social and biological trait essentialism would moderate their increased support for more punitive sentencing goals—particularly when a defendant was abused earlier, rather than later, in childhood. Results suggest that social essentialism is associated with increased support for restoration and rehabilitation toward defendants with histories of childhood physical abuse, potentially indicating that the public views the effects of child abuse as more of a social, versus biological, process which may affect support for utilitarian punishment goals.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"42 6","pages":"662-683"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution of transgender rights in India: Better late than never 印度变性人权利的演变：迟到总比不到好

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-07 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2689

Daideepya Chandra Bhargava, Vikas P. Meshram, Raghvendra Singh Shekhawat, Tanuj Kanchan

{"title":"Evolution of transgender rights in India: Better late than never","authors":"Daideepya Chandra Bhargava, Vikas P. Meshram, Raghvendra Singh Shekhawat, Tanuj Kanchan","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2689","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2689","url":null,"abstract":"The progress of transgender rights in India has seen significant strides with milestones such as the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) judgment and the enactment of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act in 2019. The NALSA judgment recognized the right of transgender individuals to self-identify their gender. This decision led to the formal recognition of a ‘third gender’, advancing legislative and social reforms. Prior to this, transgender individuals faced substantial hurdles, including limited access to education, employment, and healthcare due to a lack of legal recognition. Within a few years, The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act established a framework that safeguards the rights of transgender individuals and prohibits discrimination based on gender. This legislation requires the government to take measures like promoting education, providing vocational training opportunities, ensuring accessible healthcare services, and offering social security support. It also addresses the healthcare needs of transgender individuals thereby contributing to their overall well being. The Support for Marginalised Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise (SMILE) program and Garima Greh are initiatives that provide spaces and empower a marginalized transgender individuals and promoting their inclusion, justice and empowerment. This article explores the progress pertaining to transgender rights and welfare, while highlighting efforts undertaken by the Indian government.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"42 6","pages":"653-661"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physical exercise, social relationships, and bullying perpetration among school adolescents in China 中国在校青少年的体育锻炼、社会关系和欺凌行为。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2687

Hang Zhou, Ji-Kang Chen

{"title":"Physical exercise, social relationships, and bullying perpetration among school adolescents in China","authors":"Hang Zhou, Ji-Kang Chen","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2687","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2687","url":null,"abstract":"Despite contradictory empirical evidence, some suggest that physical exercise is directly related to bullying perpetration. Moreover, the quality of social relationships between adolescents and their parents, peers, and teachers has been proposed as a crucial mediator in the relationship between physical exercise and bullying perpetration. However, few empirical studies have examined such hypotheses. This study used data obtained from the 2014–2015 China Education Panel Survey to examine the direct association between physical exercise and bullying behaviors, as well as the indirect pathways from physical exercise to bullying that are mediated by teenagers' social relationship quality. The results showed no significant direct relationship between physical exercise and bullying behaviors. However, physical exercise has indirect associations with bullying behaviors mediated through social relationship quality, with peer relationships having the strongest mediating effect. The findings indicate that social relationships could mediate the association between physical exercise and bullying behaviors. The study suggests that future prevention and intervention programs should promote adolescents' participation in physical exercise and their social interactions with parents, peers, and teachers to reduce bullying perpetration.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"42 5","pages":"638-651"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction to a Special Issue: Neuropsychiatry and the law 特刊简介：神经精神病学与法律。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2682

Manish Fozdar, Robert P. Granacher

引用次数: 0

Effects of medicalization on case outcomes in transgender employment discrimination court decisions 医疗化对变性人就业歧视法庭裁决案件结果的影响。

IF 1 3区社会学

Behavioral Sciences & the Law Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2685

Kyla Bender-Baird, Margaret C. Stevenson

{"title":"Effects of medicalization on case outcomes in transgender employment discrimination court decisions","authors":"Kyla Bender-Baird, Margaret C. Stevenson","doi":"10.1002/bsl.2685","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bsl.2685","url":null,"abstract":"Some attorneys and legal scholars argue that medicalizing transgender plaintiffs (i.e., introducing plaintiff diagnoses and/or medical procedures) in discrimination cases will enhance favorable plaintiff outcomes. Research and theory linking biological essentialism (i.e., believing social groups reflect biologically-rooted, stable categories) to prejudice, however, suggests that medicalizing transgender plaintiffs might not help them win cases and might instead backfire and harm their case outcomes. To test these competing hypotheses, we coded all published cases involving alleged transgender discrimination (N = 124) from 1974 to 2021. Importantly, we addressed limitations of existing research that narrowly defined transgender plaintiff medicalization exclusively via diagnosis by documenting various other forms of medicalization beyond diagnosis. Contrary to legal scholars' claims and attorney intuitions, medicalization did not predict favorable outcomes for transgender plaintiffs. In fact, various forms of medicalization beyond diagnosis predicted negative plaintiff case outcomes. We discuss the implications of this research for informing scientific theory and legal practice.","PeriodicalId":47926,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences & the Law","volume":"42 5","pages":"620-635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bsl.2685","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141459955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0