Past & Present最新文献_第8页

‘Where Are the Proxenoi?’ Social Network Analysis, Connectivity and the Greek Poleis “普罗米修斯在哪里?”社会网络分析，连通性和希腊城邦

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-03-26 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtab036

William Mack

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引用次数: 0

Out of the East (or North or South): A Response to Philip Slavin 来自东方(或北方或南方):对菲利普·斯拉文的回应

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-03-09 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtab031

Monica H Green

{"title":"Out of the East (or North or South): A Response to Philip Slavin","authors":"Monica H Green","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtab031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtab031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article responds to Philip Slavin’s ‘Out of the West: Formation of a Permanent Plague Reservoir in South-Central Germany (1349–1356) and Its Implications’. Genetics has transformed the study of plague, one of the most lethal diseases in human history. But this technically demanding science raises questions of what constitutes valid evidence and supportable argument when examining historical phenomena at a microscopic level. Slavin argues that two new lineages of Yersinia pestis, the causative organism of plague, were seeded in central Germany following the Black Death; appearing sequentially, one lineage caused plague outbreaks in the 1350s and early 1360s, only to retreat and be replaced by a second lineage. Here, evidence is adduced to support the early central European proliferation of one lineage of Y. pestis, but also to suggest that the second lineage arose simultaneously in a different locale, outside Europe and within different epidemiological parameters. Because of the inherent rarity of biological evidence, the reconstruction of epidemiological phenomena will always require consilience with archaeological and documentary sources. Establishing ‘best practices’ of analysis and verification in this emerging multidisciplinary field has implications not only for Europe’s four hundred-year experience with plague, but for all fields of global health history.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":"4 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Erratum to: The Christian Anti-Torture Movement and the Politics of Conscience in France 基督教反酷刑运动与法国良心政治

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac002

Giuliana, Chamedes, J. Chappel, Udi Greenberg

{"title":"Erratum to: The Christian Anti-Torture Movement and the Politics of Conscience in France","authors":"Giuliana, Chamedes, J. Chappel, Udi Greenberg","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtac002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtac002","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates how the concept of ‘conscience’ emerged as a battleground within the French Catholic Church and as a politicized concept with implications for ideas about human rights. State-sponsored torture during the Algerian War (1954–62) prompted dissident Christians to pioneer the use of ‘individual conscience’ as a tool of resistance. The Christians of the anti-torture movement embraced the theologically informed language of conscience alongside a French, secular tradition of rights drawn from the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The way that Catholic dissidents thought about rights transcended the secular–religious divide; while recognizing a liberal concept of rights coming out of the French Revolution, these Catholics also insisted upon the spiritual function of individual conscience as a check upon the state. Intra-Catholic debates about conscience thus reveal the political and theological diversity within mid-twentieth-century Christianity, long assumed to have been dominated by actors on the political right, as well as the multiplicity of coexisting ways of speaking about and interpreting human rights.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49467680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

OUP accepted manuscript OUP接受稿件

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac004

引用次数: 0

OUP accepted manuscript OUP接受稿件

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac003

引用次数: 0

OUP accepted manuscript OUP接受稿件

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac005

引用次数: 0

OUP accepted manuscript OUP接受稿件

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac006

引用次数: 1

Ottoman and Egyptian Quarantines and European Debates on Plague in the 1830s–1840s* 19世纪30 - 40年代奥斯曼帝国和埃及的隔离与欧洲对鼠疫的争论*

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtaa017

Hamed-Troyansky V.

{"title":"Ottoman and Egyptian Quarantines and European Debates on Plague in the 1830s–1840s*","authors":"Hamed-Troyansky V.","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtaa017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtaa017","url":null,"abstract":"<span><div>Abstract</div>In the 1830s, plague, which had been all but forgotten by most Europeans, was on everyone’s lips again. Shortly after the Ottoman and Egyptian governments instituted their first permanent quarantines, the disease broke out in the Levant and the Nile delta, and the global medical community watched anxiously to see whether these new western Mediterranean-style quarantines would be able to contain it within the eastern Mediterranean. By tracing two Russian medical expeditions from the Black Sea port of Odessa to the Ottoman empire and Egypt in the 1840s, this article examines the world of European medical practitioners who engaged in vigorous debates about plague and its prevention. Did the disease have a ‘birthplace’ somewhere in the Middle East? Did it spread through contact with its victims, or was it omnipresent in the bad air? Russian, French, British and other medics questioned old assumptions about plague and its contagiousness, while testing out their hypotheses in Ottoman and Egyptian domains. By the 1840s, the Middle East had become a global site for epidemiological research, driving the internationalization of prevention against epidemic. Meanwhile, Ottoman and Egyptian quarantines, and the elusive nature of plague, became entangled with European political ambitions and commercial interests in the Middle East.</span>","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50168027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

City States in the Later Medieval Mediterranean World 中世纪晚期地中海世界的城邦

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2021-10-13 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtab004

Patrick Lantschner

{"title":"City States in the Later Medieval Mediterranean World","authors":"Patrick Lantschner","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtab004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtab004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article offers a comparative study of city states in the Christian and Islamic spheres of the later medieval Mediterranean world, with a particular focus on Italy, Syria and al-Andalus. Medieval city states are not usually associated with the Islamic world, but rather with a narrative that has foregrounded the exceptional nature of European cities in world history, especially the famous city republics in Northern and Central Italy, and the role that city states played in the formation of European states. Yet city states were a phenomenon that could be observed across urbanized regions of the Mediterranean world where cities turned into important political arenas in the context of sustained political fragmentation. City states are best approached as political systems that were characterized by brittle regimes and experienced high levels of political volatility: they often lacked a clear boundary between the ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ of city states and were characterized by the multiple political organizations that crystallized in, and fought hard to control, urban political space. The most commonly shared type of political organization in city states was the urban lordship, but city-based lords usually found themselves in intense competition with elite-based collective associations, families and factions, and popular political organizations.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41878825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Business Archive of the French Illegal Slave Trade in the Nineteenth Century 19世纪法国非法贩卖奴隶的商业档案

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2021-08-04 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtaa026

Joseph la Hausse de Lalouvière

引用次数: 5