Past & Present最新文献_第7页

Novelty, Disinformation and Discrimination in Marguerite de Navarre’s Heptameron (1559) and Sixteenth-Century French News Culture 玛格丽特·德·纳瓦拉的《七小时》(1559)中的新奇、虚假和歧视与16世纪法国新闻文化

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac033

Emily Butterworth

{"title":"Novelty, Disinformation and Discrimination in Marguerite de Navarre’s Heptameron (1559) and Sixteenth-Century French News Culture","authors":"Emily Butterworth","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtac033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtac033","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the intersection between two different kinds of nouvelle: on the one hand, a piece of news; and on the other, a literary genre, the novella. Both senses were current in the early sixteenth century when Marguerite de Navarre, the sister of the French king François I, wrote the collection of novellas now known as the Heptameron. Developing its model, Boccaccio’s Decameron, the Heptameron includes an elaborate frame narrative in which the storytellers debate each story after they hear it. From these discussions, and the stories themselves, emerges a concern with the underlying principles of storytelling: truth, authority, witness and interpretation. These are concerns, this chapter argues, that were also current in sixteenth-century news culture, and in particular the short sensational news pamphlets that became popular during the religious wars of the second half of the century. The chapter examines the claims made in both the Heptameron and in news publications and argues that the Heptameron aspires to provide the analytical tools required to assess any account that claims to be truthful; an aspiration that anticipates later critiques of sensationalist and partisan news. It does this through a practice of discrimination, a careful parsing of a story and its underlying motivations.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":"7 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Archiving Faith: Record-Keeping and Catholic Community Formation in Eighteenth-Century Mesopotamia 存档信仰:18世纪美索不达米亚的记录保存与天主教社区形成

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtab037

Lucy Parker,Rosie Maxton

{"title":"Archiving Faith: Record-Keeping and Catholic Community Formation in Eighteenth-Century Mesopotamia","authors":"Lucy Parker,Rosie Maxton","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtab037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtab037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article investigates the archiving practices of a little-known group of Catholics in the Ottoman Empire, the Diyarbakır Chaldeans, in the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It argues for a flexible definition of archives, based not on traditional characteristics such as links to a defined institutional repository, but on their purpose of community formation. The loose institutional structure of the Chaldean Church resulted in an unconventional archive, which never had one physical centre and consisted largely of liturgical manuscripts; nonetheless, it recorded recognizably archival material and gained cohesion from the overlapping circles of families, scribes and churches involved in its production, as well as from systematic innovations in scribal practices. The Diyarbakır Chaldean archive not only reflected the distinctive form of the community but also contributed to creating and reshaping it. By recording social ties, it kept these obligations alive for decades and generated ongoing commitments. It also imagined the community on an illusory level, occluding tensions and troubles in order to preserve an idealized image of a church united under pious leadership. This dispersed, mobile archive thus was intimately connected to community formation and contributed to the survival of the Chaldean Church in a time of immense difficulty.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":"24 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘Where Are the Proxenoi?’ Social Network Analysis, Connectivity and the Greek Poleis “普罗米修斯在哪里?”社会网络分析，连通性和希腊城邦

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-03-26 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtab036

William Mack

{"title":"‘Where Are the Proxenoi?’ Social Network Analysis, Connectivity and the Greek Poleis","authors":"William Mack","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtab036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtab036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this article is to establish a new basis for exploring the network of ancient Greek city-states during the Classical and Hellenistic periods by applying Social Network Analysis to the record of inscriptions recording grants of proxeny. Proxeny was a generalized institution for facilitating interactions between Greek political communities. Because it left a rich and idiosyncratic record in the form of thousands of honorific inscriptions, it represents an important test case for Social Network Analysis. By drawing on work on partial samples of network data, we can identify a clear and historically significant structure in this material, namely a massively unequal hierarchy in the extent to which different communities were the focus of links. This allows us to compare, systematically, the hundreds of Greek city-states in terms of their connectivity in the network. As a result it provides a new empirical basis for testing prevailing models and assumptions about why these communities forged links and mapping the limits of the network. By reading this hierarchy alongside the other information we have, we can identify the role that political, economic and geographic factors played in determining connectivity in this network, and the surprising unimportance of religion.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":"5 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Out of the East (or North or South): A Response to Philip Slavin 来自东方(或北方或南方):对菲利普·斯拉文的回应

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-03-09 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtab031

Monica H Green

{"title":"Out of the East (or North or South): A Response to Philip Slavin","authors":"Monica H Green","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtab031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtab031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article responds to Philip Slavin’s ‘Out of the West: Formation of a Permanent Plague Reservoir in South-Central Germany (1349–1356) and Its Implications’. Genetics has transformed the study of plague, one of the most lethal diseases in human history. But this technically demanding science raises questions of what constitutes valid evidence and supportable argument when examining historical phenomena at a microscopic level. Slavin argues that two new lineages of Yersinia pestis, the causative organism of plague, were seeded in central Germany following the Black Death; appearing sequentially, one lineage caused plague outbreaks in the 1350s and early 1360s, only to retreat and be replaced by a second lineage. Here, evidence is adduced to support the early central European proliferation of one lineage of Y. pestis, but also to suggest that the second lineage arose simultaneously in a different locale, outside Europe and within different epidemiological parameters. Because of the inherent rarity of biological evidence, the reconstruction of epidemiological phenomena will always require consilience with archaeological and documentary sources. Establishing ‘best practices’ of analysis and verification in this emerging multidisciplinary field has implications not only for Europe’s four hundred-year experience with plague, but for all fields of global health history.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":"4 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Erratum to: The Christian Anti-Torture Movement and the Politics of Conscience in France 基督教反酷刑运动与法国良心政治

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac002

Giuliana, Chamedes, J. Chappel, Udi Greenberg

{"title":"Erratum to: The Christian Anti-Torture Movement and the Politics of Conscience in France","authors":"Giuliana, Chamedes, J. Chappel, Udi Greenberg","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtac002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtac002","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates how the concept of ‘conscience’ emerged as a battleground within the French Catholic Church and as a politicized concept with implications for ideas about human rights. State-sponsored torture during the Algerian War (1954–62) prompted dissident Christians to pioneer the use of ‘individual conscience’ as a tool of resistance. The Christians of the anti-torture movement embraced the theologically informed language of conscience alongside a French, secular tradition of rights drawn from the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The way that Catholic dissidents thought about rights transcended the secular–religious divide; while recognizing a liberal concept of rights coming out of the French Revolution, these Catholics also insisted upon the spiritual function of individual conscience as a check upon the state. Intra-Catholic debates about conscience thus reveal the political and theological diversity within mid-twentieth-century Christianity, long assumed to have been dominated by actors on the political right, as well as the multiplicity of coexisting ways of speaking about and interpreting human rights.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49467680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

OUP accepted manuscript OUP接受稿件

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac004

引用次数: 0

OUP accepted manuscript OUP接受稿件

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac003

引用次数: 0

OUP accepted manuscript OUP接受稿件

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac005

引用次数: 0

OUP accepted manuscript OUP接受稿件

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac006

引用次数: 1

Ottoman and Egyptian Quarantines and European Debates on Plague in the 1830s–1840s* 19世纪30 - 40年代奥斯曼帝国和埃及的隔离与欧洲对鼠疫的争论*

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtaa017

Hamed-Troyansky V.

{"title":"Ottoman and Egyptian Quarantines and European Debates on Plague in the 1830s–1840s*","authors":"Hamed-Troyansky V.","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtaa017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtaa017","url":null,"abstract":"<span><div>Abstract</div>In the 1830s, plague, which had been all but forgotten by most Europeans, was on everyone’s lips again. Shortly after the Ottoman and Egyptian governments instituted their first permanent quarantines, the disease broke out in the Levant and the Nile delta, and the global medical community watched anxiously to see whether these new western Mediterranean-style quarantines would be able to contain it within the eastern Mediterranean. By tracing two Russian medical expeditions from the Black Sea port of Odessa to the Ottoman empire and Egypt in the 1840s, this article examines the world of European medical practitioners who engaged in vigorous debates about plague and its prevention. Did the disease have a ‘birthplace’ somewhere in the Middle East? Did it spread through contact with its victims, or was it omnipresent in the bad air? Russian, French, British and other medics questioned old assumptions about plague and its contagiousness, while testing out their hypotheses in Ottoman and Egyptian domains. By the 1840s, the Middle East had become a global site for epidemiological research, driving the internationalization of prevention against epidemic. Meanwhile, Ottoman and Egyptian quarantines, and the elusive nature of plague, became entangled with European political ambitions and commercial interests in the Middle East.</span>","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50168027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0