Gold Rushes, Universities and Globalization, 1840–1910

IF 1.8 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Caitlin Harvey
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Abstract

This article examines a set of public universities that opened after 1848 across California, Australasia, South Africa and Canada. It argues that these institutions, termed the ‘goldfield foundations’, owed the speed of their formation, if not their existence, to the period’s global gold and mineral rushes. During the first capital-intensive years of university development, new mineral wealth added liquidity to colonial finance and enriched the main sources of university income. At the same time, the social upheaval caused by gold rushes stimulated regionalism and drives to re-establish Old World hierarchies in ways that made university building attractive. Exploring these institutions’ interconnected development has important implications for the study of empire, extractive capitalism and globalization. The relationship between higher education and mineral extraction in the nineteenth century was co-constitutive. Goldfield universities’ rapid growth depended upon the imperial and global circuits of ideas, people and capital that flowed from the rushes. Yet, once opened, these universities became tremendous drivers of globalization themselves, producing techniques of extraction, expertise and technologies that propelled the global mining industry and prolonged the mineral rushes that had first established them.
淘金热、大学和全球化,1840-1910
本文考察了1848年后在加利福尼亚、澳大拉西亚、南非和加拿大开设的一系列公立大学。它认为,这些被称为“金矿基础”的机构的形成速度,如果不是它们的存在,要归功于那个时期的全球淘金热和矿产热。在大学发展的第一个资本密集型时期,新的矿产财富增加了殖民地金融的流动性,丰富了大学收入的主要来源。与此同时,淘金热引起的社会动荡刺激了地区主义,并推动了旧世界等级制度的重建,这使得大学建筑具有吸引力。探索这些机构相互关联的发展对研究帝国、采掘资本主义和全球化具有重要意义。在19世纪,高等教育和矿产开采之间的关系是共生的。金田大学的快速发展依赖于思想、人才和资本在帝国和全球范围内的流动。然而,一旦开放,这些大学本身就成为了全球化的巨大推动力,产生了开采技术、专业知识和技术,推动了全球采矿业的发展,延长了最初建立它们的矿产热潮。
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来源期刊
Past & Present
Past & Present Multiple-
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
5.60%
发文量
49
期刊介绍: Founded in 1952, Past & Present is widely acknowledged to be the liveliest and most stimulating historical journal in the English-speaking world. The journal offers: •A wide variety of scholarly and original articles on historical, social and cultural change in all parts of the world. •Four issues a year, each containing five or six major articles plus occasional debates and review essays. •Challenging work by young historians as well as seminal articles by internationally regarded scholars. •A range of articles that appeal to specialists and non-specialists, and communicate the results of the most recent historical research in a readable and lively form. •A forum for debate, encouraging productive controversy.
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