Past & Present最新文献_第6页

The Uprooting of Indigenous Women’s Horticultural Practices in Brazil, 1500–1650 1500-1650年，巴西土著妇女园艺实践的根除

1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac047

Jessica O’Leary

{"title":"The Uprooting of Indigenous Women’s Horticultural Practices in Brazil, 1500–1650","authors":"Jessica O’Leary","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtac047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtac047","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the land now known as Brazil, Indigenous women were responsible for cultivating and preparing a tuberous root called mandioca (cassava). Following the arrival of Europeans in 1500, mandioca replaced wheat bread to become the staple carbohydrate in settlers’ diets. Travellers’ accounts between 1500 and 1550 describe how Indigenous women taught settlers to prepare the tubers for consumption through the use of special tools and processes of soaking, drying and pulverizing. However, with the arrival of the Jesuits, European sources began to elide or problematize knowledge among Indigenous women that did not cohere with Christian normative values. By the mid seventeenth century, naturalists were no longer acknowledging the original female informants who had taught Europeans how to identify and cultivate the plant. In line with recent scholarship on the history of science and medicine in colonial contexts, a close reading of the sources reflects the importance of Indigenous knowledges to imperial expansion, on the one hand, and the interactive nature of cross-cultural knowledge sharing that became hidden by early modern European epistemological practices. Drawing on a broad body of colonial documentation, this article examines how European representations of the cultivation of mandioca identified, exploited, assimilated, suppressed and, finally, alienated Indigenous women’s knowledges from their original holders between 1500 and 1650.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135822325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Doubt and the dislocation of magic: France, 1790–1940 怀疑与魔法的错位:法国，1790-1940

1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtad002

William G Pooley

引用次数: 0

The Cave Mission of 1876 and Britain’s Imperial Information Strategies 1876年的洞穴使命与英国帝国信息战略

1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac045

Nick Foretek

引用次数: 0

A reply to Shami Ghosh 回复Shami Ghosh

1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac046

Chris Wickham

引用次数: 0

By whom were early Christians persecuted? 早期基督徒被谁迫害?

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2023-01-10 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac041

James Corke-Webster

引用次数: 0

Inventing Free Speech: Politics, Liberty and Print in Eighteenth-Century England 发明言论自由:18世纪英国的政治、自由和印刷

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac029

Fara Dabhoiwala

{"title":"Inventing Free Speech: Politics, Liberty and Print in Eighteenth-Century England","authors":"Fara Dabhoiwala","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtac029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtac029","url":null,"abstract":"Our modern concept of political free speech as an individual political right was first elaborated in detail three hundred years ago by two London journalists, Thomas Gordon and John Trenchard, in their best-selling, endlessly reprinted, anonymous newspaper column, known as ‘Cato’s Letters’ (1720–23). As is well known, Cato’s novel ideas about speech and press freedom proved hugely influential, especially in the American colonies. Because they underpin the peculiar formulation of the First Amendment of the United States’ constitution, their impact is still with us today. But Trenchard and Gordon’s own lives and motives are remarkably obscure, and how they managed to formulate a completely new way of thinking about politics and public debate has remained an unexplored puzzle. Nor has it previously been appreciated that their arguments, as well as refocusing existing discussions of press liberty, directly engaged long-standing concerns about false news and public deception. Drawing on newly discovered printed and manuscript evidence, this essay reveals the deliberately misleading character of their ideology, and the reasons for its hidden partiality. It shows both how political freedom of speech first came to be systematically conceived of as a mechanism for truth, an antidote to falsehood, and the foundation of all liberty — and that, ironically, this new and powerful theory was itself but a partial, biased fiction about the world. That is a paradox whose consequences we are still living with.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A ‘Fiction of the Mind’: Imagination and Idolatry in Early Modern England “心灵的虚构”:近代早期英格兰的想象与偶像崇拜

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac034

Barret Reiter

{"title":"A ‘Fiction of the Mind’: Imagination and Idolatry in Early Modern England","authors":"Barret Reiter","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtac034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtac034","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the conceptualization of Catholic liturgical practices within the Protestant anti-Catholic polemics of early modern England. I argue that, insofar as Protestants typically glossed such practices as ‘idolatry’, and thus, as the worship of a false god, Protestants explicitly accused Catholics of falling victim to the deceptive tendencies of their imaginations. Hence, for English Protestants, Catholics were responsible for transforming the good news of the Gospel into a mere fiction of their own making. More than a mere rhetorical posture — though of course it was also that — it is here argued that Protestant anti-Catholic polemic encodes a more generalized anxiety about the role of imagination within religious, social and political life, and thus serves as a microcosm of larger-scale transformations within the intellectual and political discourse of early modern England. Most obviously, the emphasis on the imagination, in particular within Protestant polemics, indicates a new context into which traditional scholastic psychological categories were forced in order to accommodate confessional differentiation and the new political realities of a post-Reformation world. Thus, by understanding just what Protestant polemicists meant by fictions, we can open up deeper continuities across the intellectual and political discourse of the period.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":"7 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Caravaggio’s Rumore: Fact, Fiction and Authority in Giovanni Baglione’s Lives of the Painters, Sculptors and Architects 卡拉瓦乔的传说:乔瓦尼·巴格里奥内《画家、雕塑家和建筑师的生活》中的事实、虚构和权威

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac031

Frances Gage

{"title":"Caravaggio’s Rumore: Fact, Fiction and Authority in Giovanni Baglione’s Lives of the Painters, Sculptors and Architects","authors":"Frances Gage","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtac031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtac031","url":null,"abstract":"Since its publication in 1642, Giovanni Baglione’s Lives of the Painters, Sculptors and Architects from the Pontificate of Gregory XIII of 1572 until the times of Pope Urban VIII in 1642, has been classified as either largely factual or obviously biased, a reflection of the culture of slander in early modern Rome. Definitions of what constituted textual ‘truth’ have changed dramatically since Baglione wrote his Lives, though this has not adequately informed debate. Also overlooked is the degree to which Baglione staked his entire rhetorical agenda around notions of truth and untruth, rumour and opinion, which emerge as central themes throughout both the framing elements and the individual artists’ lives. The present article adopts a new methodological approach to these questions, reassessing Baglione’s central themes of rumour, fama and truth in relation to questions of textuality and intertextuality, fiction and disinformation, rhetoric and agency, and drawing upon recent literary and historical studies of rumour, fame and news when doing so. At the same time, this study investigates conceptions of fame and rumour in relation to contemporary practices of art criticism in oral, manuscript and print cultures and in light of the rivalry between Caravaggio and Baglione.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fiction and Disinformation in Early Modern Europe: An Introduction 近代早期欧洲的小说与虚假信息:导论

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac028

Emma Claussen, Luca Zenobi

{"title":"Fiction and Disinformation in Early Modern Europe: An Introduction","authors":"Emma Claussen, Luca Zenobi","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtac028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtac028","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces the reader to the world of fiction and disinformation in early modern Europe. It starts by placing fiction and disinformation in the context of wider trends and developments, while also drawing a parallel between present practices and concerns and those of the early modern period (Section I). The chapter then surveys existing scholarship on these themes, highlighting the novelty of recent research and the transformative potential of interdisciplinary work (Section II). Finally, it sets out the approach and methodology which underpin the rest of volume (Section III). It is argued that fiction and disinformation need to be studied in tandem, and that their study should be guided by a combination of literary and historical approaches. This method is exemplified by the volume’s nine chapters. They all conduct close readings of falsehoods and fictional writings, examining their rhetorical and linguistic qualities, including matters such as style, narrative and genre; and they also uncover how fiction and disinformation brought about change in society and in the lives of the people who wrote them as much as those who read them. This makes the Supplement as a whole a methodological intervention, further bridging the gap between historical analysis and cultural criticism, and a contribution to the social and cultural history of early modernity.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":"6 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Libel in the Provinces: Disinformation and ‘Disreputation’ in Early Modern England 各省的诽谤:近代早期英格兰的虚假信息和“名誉”

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac030

Clare Egan

{"title":"Libel in the Provinces: Disinformation and ‘Disreputation’ in Early Modern England","authors":"Clare Egan","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtac030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtac030","url":null,"abstract":"By the early modern period, libelling a private individual had been legally redefined and was being tried at the court of Star Chamber, alongside cases relating to the monarch or government. This brought the ruination of individual reputations by spreading false rumours into the same realm as the circulation of nationally significant false news. Private libels typically took the form of verses, impersonations, mock ceremonies or visual symbols that were read, sung, posted, and published; they exploited the defamatory potential of fictional reconstructions of local disputes in order to exacerbate conflicts within provincial communities. This chapter argues that private libels provide evidence for a novel multimedia practice of circulating disinformation that blended fact and fiction amongst the social networks of early modern England. It examines two cases, one centred upon a libellous verse and the other on mock proclamations, to establish the significance of literary and performance techniques in libellous disinformation. The chapter also explores the significance of ‘disreputation’ for the categories of private and public. It argues that private libels were a crucial feature of the social backdrop to established forms of oral, print and manuscript communication, which impacted upon common perceptions of trustworthiness of information and public official figures.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":"7 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0