The Disenchantment of Chiromancy: Reading Modern Hands from Palmistry to Genetics

IF 1.8 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Alison Bashford
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Abstract

We might expect chiromancy in the modern period to be analysed best within the well-known late nineteenth-century occult revival. The specific practice of palmistry, as it happens, is minimally examined in that historiographical context. Yet the purpose here is not to reinstate palmistry into our already extensive understanding of an Anglo-American modern occult, but to show how other readers of hands, including those trained in biomedical sciences, exceeded occultism altogether, and often enough repudiated it. This article considers modern palmistry in the first instance through an intellectual and social historiography of mind–body knowledges and practices. It shows not only how various ‘psychic’ practices turned into ‘psy’ practices, but also how reading signs of the hand morphed into clinical diagnostics, into primatology, comparative anatomy and eventually into early medical genetics, especially through the so-called ‘simian line’ correlated with Down syndrome. Through analysis of a suite of London-based hand experts, this twentieth-century history of palm-reading argues for a plain ‘disenchantment’ of chiromancy, qualifying historians’ common commitment to theses of re-enchantment. One strand of palm-reading’s recent past turns out to be part of the history of scientific naturalism, not super-naturalism at all.
Chiromancy的魅力:从手相学到遗传学解读现代手
我们可能会认为,在19世纪末著名的神秘复兴中,对现代时期的手相术进行最好的分析。手相术的具体实践,正如它所发生的那样,在历史的背景下被最低限度地检查。然而,这里的目的并不是要将手相术恢复到我们对英美现代神秘学已经广泛的理解中,而是要展示其他手的读者,包括那些受过生物医学训练的读者,是如何完全超越神秘主义的,并且经常对其进行否定。本文首先通过对身心知识和实践的知识和社会史学来思考现代手相。它不仅展示了各种“心理”实践是如何转变为“心理分析”实践的,还展示了阅读手的迹象是如何演变为临床诊断、灵长类动物学、比较解剖学,并最终演变为早期医学遗传学的,尤其是通过与唐氏综合症相关的所谓“猿系”。通过对一组伦敦手部专家的分析,这部20世纪的手相阅读史证明了对手相术的明显“祛魅”,证明了历史学家对重新着迷论文的共同承诺。掌上阅读最近的一段历史被证明是科学自然主义历史的一部分,而不是超级自然主义。
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来源期刊
Past & Present
Past & Present Multiple-
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
5.60%
发文量
49
期刊介绍: Founded in 1952, Past & Present is widely acknowledged to be the liveliest and most stimulating historical journal in the English-speaking world. The journal offers: •A wide variety of scholarly and original articles on historical, social and cultural change in all parts of the world. •Four issues a year, each containing five or six major articles plus occasional debates and review essays. •Challenging work by young historians as well as seminal articles by internationally regarded scholars. •A range of articles that appeal to specialists and non-specialists, and communicate the results of the most recent historical research in a readable and lively form. •A forum for debate, encouraging productive controversy.
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