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Petition and response as social process: Royal power, justice and the people in late medieval Castile ( c.1474–1504) 作为社会过程的请愿与回应:中世纪晚期卡斯蒂利亚的王权、正义与人民(c.1474-1504)

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtad003

Yanay Israeli

{"title":"Petition and response as social process: Royal power, justice and the people in late medieval Castile ( c.1474–1504)","authors":"Yanay Israeli","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtad003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtad003","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the petition and response process in late medieval Castile, focusing on petitions of grievance submitted to the Royal Council during the reign of Isabel I and Fernando II (r.1474–1504). Studies published in recent decades have revised our understanding of petitionary practices and their significance to systems of governance in medieval and early modern Europe. One persistent gap in this scholarship, however, concerns the ‘aftermath’ of petitioning — that is, the occurrences that followed the grant of petitions and the issuance of royal decrees in response. Drawing on the rich documentation that has survived from late fifteenth- and early sixteenth-century Castile, this article highlights the importance of studying the local spaces of interactions where beneficiaries of royal decrees tried to bring them into effect through acts of claims-making. The evidence from Castile is mobilized to illuminate the forms of negotiation and contestation that informed the presentations of ‘letters of justice’ issued by the Royal Council, the mechanisms used by the royal authority to enforce its commands, and the ways that factors such as speed, publicity and violence shaped the meanings petitioning assumed in different contexts of dispute. The analysis of petitioning bears implications for understanding royal power in the Castilian monarchy, drawing attention to a pattern of intensifying communications between the central royal government and non-elites. As they petitioned the Royal Council, thousands of Castilians sought empowerment in local disputes. At the same time, mass participation in the petitioning process played a major role in legitimizing royal power and furthering its embeddedness in the localities.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Gold Rushes, Universities and Globalization, 1840–1910 淘金热、大学和全球化，1840-1910

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac042

Caitlin Harvey

{"title":"Gold Rushes, Universities and Globalization, 1840–1910","authors":"Caitlin Harvey","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtac042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtac042","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines a set of public universities that opened after 1848 across California, Australasia, South Africa and Canada. It argues that these institutions, termed the ‘goldfield foundations’, owed the speed of their formation, if not their existence, to the period’s global gold and mineral rushes. During the first capital-intensive years of university development, new mineral wealth added liquidity to colonial finance and enriched the main sources of university income. At the same time, the social upheaval caused by gold rushes stimulated regionalism and drives to re-establish Old World hierarchies in ways that made university building attractive. Exploring these institutions’ interconnected development has important implications for the study of empire, extractive capitalism and globalization. The relationship between higher education and mineral extraction in the nineteenth century was co-constitutive. Goldfield universities’ rapid growth depended upon the imperial and global circuits of ideas, people and capital that flowed from the rushes. Yet, once opened, these universities became tremendous drivers of globalization themselves, producing techniques of extraction, expertise and technologies that propelled the global mining industry and prolonged the mineral rushes that had first established them.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electricity, Agency and Class in Lagos Colony, C.1860s–1914 拉各斯殖民地的电力、代理和阶级，1860年代至1914年

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtad001

Adewumi Damilola Adebayo

{"title":"Electricity, Agency and Class in Lagos Colony, C.1860s–1914","authors":"Adewumi Damilola Adebayo","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtad001","url":null,"abstract":"European states gradually established colonial rule in Africa between the mid nineteenth century and the beginning of the First World War. Historians have assessed the infrastructure introduced during this period through the lens of colonial state-building and resource extraction. This article offers another perspective by reconstructing the early history of electrification in Lagos Colony, one of the first British colonies in West Africa, within the contexts of African agency (that is, knowledge and socio-political influence) and class. It argues that electricity was not a novelty to Africans when the government opened the first power station in 1898. The principles of electricity were already being taught in the classroom and through public lectures in the 1860s, and temporary exhibitions of electric light had been a feature of Lagos society since the 1880s. Furthermore, because of some demographic advantages, the Africans of nineteenth-century Lagos were able to shape colonial policies, including on financing electricity. Lastly, contrary to colonial African case studies in which scholars have argued that racial politics affected access to electricity, extensive primary sources affirm that a rising number of Africans in Lagos enjoyed electric lighting on the streets, at religious centres and at home from 1898.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Uprooting of Indigenous Women’s Horticultural Practices in Brazil, 1500–1650 1500-1650年，巴西土著妇女园艺实践的根除

1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac047

Jessica O’Leary

{"title":"The Uprooting of Indigenous Women’s Horticultural Practices in Brazil, 1500–1650","authors":"Jessica O’Leary","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtac047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtac047","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the land now known as Brazil, Indigenous women were responsible for cultivating and preparing a tuberous root called mandioca (cassava). Following the arrival of Europeans in 1500, mandioca replaced wheat bread to become the staple carbohydrate in settlers’ diets. Travellers’ accounts between 1500 and 1550 describe how Indigenous women taught settlers to prepare the tubers for consumption through the use of special tools and processes of soaking, drying and pulverizing. However, with the arrival of the Jesuits, European sources began to elide or problematize knowledge among Indigenous women that did not cohere with Christian normative values. By the mid seventeenth century, naturalists were no longer acknowledging the original female informants who had taught Europeans how to identify and cultivate the plant. In line with recent scholarship on the history of science and medicine in colonial contexts, a close reading of the sources reflects the importance of Indigenous knowledges to imperial expansion, on the one hand, and the interactive nature of cross-cultural knowledge sharing that became hidden by early modern European epistemological practices. Drawing on a broad body of colonial documentation, this article examines how European representations of the cultivation of mandioca identified, exploited, assimilated, suppressed and, finally, alienated Indigenous women’s knowledges from their original holders between 1500 and 1650.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135822325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Doubt and the dislocation of magic: France, 1790–1940 怀疑与魔法的错位:法国，1790-1940

1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtad002

William G Pooley

引用次数: 0

The Cave Mission of 1876 and Britain’s Imperial Information Strategies 1876年的洞穴使命与英国帝国信息战略

1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac045

Nick Foretek

引用次数: 0

A reply to Shami Ghosh 回复Shami Ghosh

1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac046

Chris Wickham

引用次数: 0

By whom were early Christians persecuted? 早期基督徒被谁迫害?

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2023-01-10 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac041

James Corke-Webster

引用次数: 0

Inventing Free Speech: Politics, Liberty and Print in Eighteenth-Century England 发明言论自由:18世纪英国的政治、自由和印刷

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac029

Fara Dabhoiwala

{"title":"Inventing Free Speech: Politics, Liberty and Print in Eighteenth-Century England","authors":"Fara Dabhoiwala","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtac029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtac029","url":null,"abstract":"Our modern concept of political free speech as an individual political right was first elaborated in detail three hundred years ago by two London journalists, Thomas Gordon and John Trenchard, in their best-selling, endlessly reprinted, anonymous newspaper column, known as ‘Cato’s Letters’ (1720–23). As is well known, Cato’s novel ideas about speech and press freedom proved hugely influential, especially in the American colonies. Because they underpin the peculiar formulation of the First Amendment of the United States’ constitution, their impact is still with us today. But Trenchard and Gordon’s own lives and motives are remarkably obscure, and how they managed to formulate a completely new way of thinking about politics and public debate has remained an unexplored puzzle. Nor has it previously been appreciated that their arguments, as well as refocusing existing discussions of press liberty, directly engaged long-standing concerns about false news and public deception. Drawing on newly discovered printed and manuscript evidence, this essay reveals the deliberately misleading character of their ideology, and the reasons for its hidden partiality. It shows both how political freedom of speech first came to be systematically conceived of as a mechanism for truth, an antidote to falsehood, and the foundation of all liberty — and that, ironically, this new and powerful theory was itself but a partial, biased fiction about the world. That is a paradox whose consequences we are still living with.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A ‘Fiction of the Mind’: Imagination and Idolatry in Early Modern England “心灵的虚构”:近代早期英格兰的想象与偶像崇拜

IF 1.8 1区历史学

Past & Present Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtac034

Barret Reiter

{"title":"A ‘Fiction of the Mind’: Imagination and Idolatry in Early Modern England","authors":"Barret Reiter","doi":"10.1093/pastj/gtac034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtac034","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the conceptualization of Catholic liturgical practices within the Protestant anti-Catholic polemics of early modern England. I argue that, insofar as Protestants typically glossed such practices as ‘idolatry’, and thus, as the worship of a false god, Protestants explicitly accused Catholics of falling victim to the deceptive tendencies of their imaginations. Hence, for English Protestants, Catholics were responsible for transforming the good news of the Gospel into a mere fiction of their own making. More than a mere rhetorical posture — though of course it was also that — it is here argued that Protestant anti-Catholic polemic encodes a more generalized anxiety about the role of imagination within religious, social and political life, and thus serves as a microcosm of larger-scale transformations within the intellectual and political discourse of early modern England. Most obviously, the emphasis on the imagination, in particular within Protestant polemics, indicates a new context into which traditional scholastic psychological categories were forced in order to accommodate confessional differentiation and the new political realities of a post-Reformation world. Thus, by understanding just what Protestant polemicists meant by fictions, we can open up deeper continuities across the intellectual and political discourse of the period.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0