Liquor Rations and Labour Management in the Nineteenth-Century Atlantic World

IF 1.8 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Christopher M Florio
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Abstract

A striking yet underexamined system of labour management circulated between land and sea in the nineteenth-century Atlantic world: the use of liquor rations to stimulate worker productivity. Turning to the British naval warship and the American slave plantation, this article depicts how labour supervisors in both settings relied on carefully regulated quantities of alcohol to extract more labour from their workforces. Even as Anglo-American temperance activists called for sobering up the working classes, many naval commanders and slaveholders held firm to the belief that managed intemperance was an essential tool for mobilizing workers. The study of liquor rations and the arguments endorsing their distribution helps to reveal how a spectrum of coercive labour practices swept through the Atlantic world amid the emergence of an industrial capitalist order. Zooming in on the history of these rations enables us to discern labour extraction strategies that operated between the poles of violent coercion and market-based exploitation, and that animated vital sectors of the Atlantic economy during the nineteenth century.
十九世纪大西洋世界的酒类配给和劳动力管理
在十九世纪大西洋世界的陆地和海洋之间流传着一种引人注目但却未得到充分研究的劳动管理制度:使用酒类配给来刺激工人的生产力。本文以英国海军战舰和美国奴隶种植园为例,描述了这两种环境下的劳动监管者如何依靠精心调控的酒精数量从工人身上榨取更多的劳动力。即使在英美节制活动家呼吁工人阶级清醒的时候,许多海军指挥官和奴隶主仍然坚信,有节制的酗酒是动员工人的重要工具。对酒类配给的研究以及支持酒类配给的论点有助于揭示在工业资本主义秩序兴起的过程中,一系列强制性的劳动实践是如何席卷大西洋世界的。对这些口粮历史的深入研究使我们能够发现在暴力胁迫和市场剥削两极之间运作的劳动榨取战略,这些战略在 19 世纪激活了大西洋经济的重要部门。
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来源期刊
Past & Present
Past & Present Multiple-
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
5.60%
发文量
49
期刊介绍: Founded in 1952, Past & Present is widely acknowledged to be the liveliest and most stimulating historical journal in the English-speaking world. The journal offers: •A wide variety of scholarly and original articles on historical, social and cultural change in all parts of the world. •Four issues a year, each containing five or six major articles plus occasional debates and review essays. •Challenging work by young historians as well as seminal articles by internationally regarded scholars. •A range of articles that appeal to specialists and non-specialists, and communicate the results of the most recent historical research in a readable and lively form. •A forum for debate, encouraging productive controversy.
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