来自东方(或北方或南方):对菲利普·斯拉文的回应

IF 1.8 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Monica H Green
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文是对Philip Slavin的《走出西方:德国中南部永久鼠疫水库的形成(1349-1356)及其启示》的回应。遗传学改变了人类历史上最致命的疾病之一——鼠疫的研究。但是,这门技术要求很高的科学提出了一个问题,即在微观层面审视历史现象时,什么构成有效的证据和可支持的论点。斯拉文认为,黑死病之后,德国中部出现了两种新的鼠疫耶尔森氏菌(鼠疫的致病微生物);在1350年代和1360年代早期,一个世系先后引发了瘟疫爆发,后来又被另一个世系取代。在这里,证据被引用来支持早期中欧鼠疫杆菌的一个谱系的扩散,但也表明第二个谱系同时出现在不同的地点,欧洲以外和不同的流行病学参数。由于生物证据本身的稀缺性,流行病学现象的重建将始终需要与考古和文献资料保持一致。在这一新兴的多学科领域建立分析和验证的“最佳做法”不仅对欧洲400年来应对鼠疫的经验有影响,而且对全球卫生史的所有领域都有影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Out of the East (or North or South): A Response to Philip Slavin
Abstract This article responds to Philip Slavin’s ‘Out of the West: Formation of a Permanent Plague Reservoir in South-Central Germany (1349–1356) and Its Implications’. Genetics has transformed the study of plague, one of the most lethal diseases in human history. But this technically demanding science raises questions of what constitutes valid evidence and supportable argument when examining historical phenomena at a microscopic level. Slavin argues that two new lineages of Yersinia pestis, the causative organism of plague, were seeded in central Germany following the Black Death; appearing sequentially, one lineage caused plague outbreaks in the 1350s and early 1360s, only to retreat and be replaced by a second lineage. Here, evidence is adduced to support the early central European proliferation of one lineage of Y. pestis, but also to suggest that the second lineage arose simultaneously in a different locale, outside Europe and within different epidemiological parameters. Because of the inherent rarity of biological evidence, the reconstruction of epidemiological phenomena will always require consilience with archaeological and documentary sources. Establishing ‘best practices’ of analysis and verification in this emerging multidisciplinary field has implications not only for Europe’s four hundred-year experience with plague, but for all fields of global health history.
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来源期刊
Past & Present
Past & Present Multiple-
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
5.60%
发文量
49
期刊介绍: Founded in 1952, Past & Present is widely acknowledged to be the liveliest and most stimulating historical journal in the English-speaking world. The journal offers: •A wide variety of scholarly and original articles on historical, social and cultural change in all parts of the world. •Four issues a year, each containing five or six major articles plus occasional debates and review essays. •Challenging work by young historians as well as seminal articles by internationally regarded scholars. •A range of articles that appeal to specialists and non-specialists, and communicate the results of the most recent historical research in a readable and lively form. •A forum for debate, encouraging productive controversy.
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