Past & PresentPub Date : 2021-01-25DOI: 10.1093/PASTJ/GTAA028
Philip Slavin
{"title":"Out of the West: Formation of a Permanent Plague Reservoir in South-Central Germany (1349–1356) and its Implications","authors":"Philip Slavin","doi":"10.1093/PASTJ/GTAA028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/PASTJ/GTAA028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article deals with the origins and spread of the second outbreak of fourteenth-century plague pandemic, the pestis secunda, which swept over West Eurasia and North Africa between 1356 and 1366. Unlike the Black Death, its immediate predecessor, which seems to have originated in Central Asia, the pestis secunda emerged in Central Germany, most likely in the Frankfurt region, in summer 1356. Having seeded its new reservoir, the plague radiated from Central Germany, a landlocked region, into other parts of West Eurasia and North Africa, via inland routes. The inland mode of transmission is at odds with the geographic spread of the Black Death, whereby the plague arrived in West Eurasian and North African ports via maritime trade routes. To appreciate the appearance of the Central Germany plague reservoir in the early 1350s, the wider ecological, climatic and socio-economic context of the Frankfurt region is scrutinized, on the basis of textual, palaeoclimatic and palaeogenetic evidence. Although beyond the remit of this article, it argues that the Central German reservoir may have become the origin of recurrent late-medieval and early-modern plague outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43656777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Past & PresentPub Date : 2021-01-22DOI: 10.1093/PASTJ/GTAA030
Erin Maglaque
{"title":"Care Work and the Family in Catholic Reformation Tuscany∗","authors":"Erin Maglaque","doi":"10.1093/PASTJ/GTAA030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/PASTJ/GTAA030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the care work undertaken by wet-nurses employed by Florence’s foundling hospital, the Spedale degli Innocenti. Left in a basin outside the Innocenti, infants were nursed for a few days in the hospital before being assigned to the homes of wet-nurses living in the villages and remote sharecropped farms of rural Tuscany. Some wet-nurses committed ‘fraud’ — so labelled by the institution — by contriving to receive a wage for wet-nursing their own infants, covertly exchanging the infant delegated to them by the hospital in return for their own. Their ‘fraud’ allows us to challenge assumptions by both historians and feminist economists concerning commercialization and measurement of women’s work; historians might more critically reflect on the systems of monitoring and auditing women’s work that gave rise to our archives. Finally, by receiving a wage for mothering, these wet-nurses allow us to perceive the historical contingency of our most deeply naturalized assumptions about the nature of work and the family. Wet-nursing fraud reveals that definitions of work were always predicated upon concomitant definitions of the family.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46778147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Past & PresentPub Date : 2021-01-22DOI: 10.1093/PASTJ/GTAA022
J. Vernon
{"title":"Heathrow and the Making of Neoliberal Britain","authors":"J. Vernon","doi":"10.1093/PASTJ/GTAA022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/PASTJ/GTAA022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 How might we understand neoliberalism and its history differently if we trace its emergence and operation in a particular place? As the first airport in the world to be privatized in 1986 Heathrow is a paradigmatic neoliberal space. And yet for decades before it was sold the airport’s services — catering, cleaning, retail and security — had been steadily deregulated and outsourced in ways that force us to reconsider neoliberalism as discrete from, or emerging from a rupture with, welfare capitalism. The precarious and cheap outsourced forms of labour at Heathrow were performed by Commonwealth citizens of colour, often women, who had paradoxically arrived in Britain through an increasingly hostile immigration regime at the airport. The racialized forms of neoliberal capitalism at the airport depended upon and reproduced a post-imperial social formation that was no less marked by postcolonial crises and a new biopolitics of immigration control designed to restrict their diasporas in the metropole. Seen from Heathrow, neoliberalism is less about the global flow of ideas and capital than the local social formations and labour regimes engendered by changing forms of accumulation.","PeriodicalId":47870,"journal":{"name":"Past & Present","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44034191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}