Journal of Public Health Management and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Comparing Harm Reduction Vending Machines and In-Person Overdose Prevention Services in Practice: A Case Study From Rhode Island.","authors":"Leah C Shaw, Erin A Brown, Emma Creegan, Thomas E Bertrand, Sarah Ogundare, Carolyn J Park, Justin Berk, Philip A Chan, Brandon D L Marshall","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002128","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Improved harm reduction approaches are needed to address the ongoing opioid epidemic in the United States. The study aimed to evaluate the statewide implementation of harm reduction vending machines (HRVMs) and existing in-person harm reduction services.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We analyzed 2 years of data from in-person harm reduction encounters and an HRVM pilot program between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Rhode Island.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>This analysis compared unique persons served, total encounters, types of products dispensed, and time and day of transaction (weekday vs weekend) for in-person services provided by state-funded community organizations and the HRVMs in operation during the pilot program.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>At each encounter, the date, location, sociodemographic information, and product(s) dispensed were recorded, among other information for both in-person and HRVM services.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 15 000 people accessed in-person and HRVM services during the 2-year study period (N = 15 267 in-person; N = 485 HRVM or both). Overall, 38% were female, and 64% were white and non-Hispanic. People who frequented the HRVMs tended to be an average of 5 years younger (P< .001). Twenty-eight percent of HRVM encounters happened over the weekend, while only 2% of in-person encounters occurred during this time. Notably, 29% of HRVM encounters occurred overnight or during the early morning hours. Safer injection kits, safer smoking kits, and naloxone kits were the 3 most common products dispensed during in-person encounters, with 68% of encounters also supplying basic needs like water, snacks, and clothing. Safer injection kits represented 89% of products dispensed by the HRVMs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HRVMs are a feasible method of distributing harm reduction supplies as a complement to in-person services. HRVMs could complement other services already offered in many communities. Around-the-clock access is a key component of effective HRVMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating a User-centered Redesign of the NYC Environment and Health Data Portal Website.","authors":"Matthew Montesano, Chris Gettings, Emily Torem","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Public health agencies publish data so that data can influence public health policy and practice and improve the public health. But when these websites are difficult to use, they present barriers to this goal. Working to make data websites easier to use can add value to public health work.</p><p><strong>Program: </strong>In 2022, the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene redesigned the Environment and Health Data Portal website to communicate data more effectively by improving usability. The redesigned website lets users browse datasets, visualize them, and includes companion explanatory material to communicate key public health findings.</p><p><strong>Implementation: </strong>We evaluated the usability as an outcome of the redesign and compared it to the usability of the prior website. Using a cross-over design, participants did simple tasks on both old and new websites, then filled out the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire, a standard usability instrument.</p><p><strong>Evaluation: </strong>Participants scored the new site better than the old site, with statistically significant improvements in overall usability, system usefulness, and information. Additionally, web analytics show steadily increasing traffic to the new site, indicating that improved usability might have led to increased use.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This evaluation indicates a successful redesign: a measurable increase in usability and a substantial increase in web traffic. It suggests that designing data products for a wide range of users can be a successful strategy and demonstrate a viable method for evaluating public health data communication websites using a standard usability instrument.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salary and Job Requirement Differences for Jobs in Local and State Health Departments Versus the Private Sector: Analysis of Large-Scale Job Postings Data.","authors":"Heather Krasna, Isabella Patino, Sezen Ozcan Onal, Malvika Venkataraman","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>While some research shows that health departments pay comparably low wages for many jobs, federal data on salaries for employees of local and state health departments are limited. Job postings provide an alternative, real-time method to assess job requirements and salaries. Our goal was to utilize data from job postings to determine if there were significant differences in salary, education, or experience requirements when comparing jobs in local or state government health departments with the same types of jobs posted in other sectors.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We used Lightcast, a large-scale and comprehensive database of job postings, to gather real-time data on salary, education, and experience requirements for 44 public health occupations, contrasting those in state and local health departments (SLHDs) with those in all other sectors. We used interval regression analysis to assess salary differences and contrasted minimum education and experience levels using a partial proportional odds model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 284 job postings were collected for the government, and 12 609 441 in the private sector. Twenty-seven occupations paid significantly less in SLHDs, and 6 paid significantly more. For 37 occupations, SLHDs were less likely to require at least a Master's degree than the private sector. Certain SLHD positions require less education and/or experience, while also paying less.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Many, though not all, roles in the SLHD workforce are comparatively underpaid, and job requirements are often lower, potentially creating recruitment and retention challenges and producing a workforce that may be less prepared for public health crises. SLHDs can use data from job postings to benchmark their salaries and advocate for more competitive wages, especially for \"hard-to-fill\" positions, and can also better advertise their benefits to attract candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flavored Tobacco Restriction Policy Support in New York and the United States, 2022.","authors":"Stephanie Craven Bunch, Ellen M Coats, Elizabeth M Brown, James M Nonnemaker, Jennifer Lee, OlaOluwa Fajobi","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Use of flavored commercial tobacco products, including menthol cigarettes, flavored vaping products, and flavored cigars, remains a serious public health concern with implications for health equity. Flavored tobacco use is more prevalent among some populations of adults, including among Black adults; young adults; and adults who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or questioning or queer.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper explores the prevalence of support for flavored tobacco sales restrictions among a representative sample of adults in New York (NY) and the United States (U.S.).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We analyzed cross-sectional data from the New York Adult Tobacco Survey and United States Adult Tobacco Survey collected in 2022 to estimate prevalence of support for policies that ban the sale of menthol cigarettes and flavored tobacco products other than menthol cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2022, support for banning the sale of menthol cigarettes and/or flavored tobacco was lower among adults who use tobacco, including flavored and/or menthol tobacco; non-Hispanic White adults; males; and those living outside of urban areas. In the same year, 47.1% of NY adults and 37.3% of adults nationally supported both policies banning the sale of menthol cigarettes and the sale of flavored tobacco products other than cigarettes. Support for one policy but not the other was uncommon in NY and nationally. Support for policies that ban the sale of menthol cigarettes was higher in NY than in the U.S. in 2022 among those who use tobacco (32.0% in NY vs 19.3% in the U.S.) and those who use flavored tobacco products (25.8% in NY vs 16.3% in the U.S.).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Understanding population support for flavored tobacco restrictions provides opportunities for tobacco control programs to tailor education, communications, and surveillance planning at the local, state, and federal levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Community Health Assessments and Community Health Improvement Plans by PHAB Accreditation Status Among Local Health Departments in Kentucky, 2015-2022.","authors":"Bradley A Firchow, Katie Boroughs, Joseph A Howard","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the variation in quality of community health assessments (CHAs) and community health improvement plans (CHIPs) between Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB)-accredited and unaccredited local health departments (LHDs) in Kentucky. Building upon prior research examining the quality of CHA/CHIPs among PHAB-accredited LHDs in Kentucky, this study sought to compare CHA/CHIP quality between PHAB-accredited and unaccredited LHDs in Kentucky.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Quality assessment of publicly available CHA/CHIP documents used criteria adapted from the study by Pennel et al. (Nonprofit hospitals approach to community health needs assessment. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(3):e103-e113. doi:10.2105/ajph.2014.302286). LHDs were ranked across 17 criteria on a 6-point scale to generate composite scores for report quality. A Welch's corrected unpaired t test was performed to assess the difference in report quality between accredited and unaccredited departments.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>PHAB-accredited and unaccredited LHDs in Kentucky. The study included publicly available CHA/CHIP reports generated by LHDs in Kentucky between 2015 and 2022.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Seventeen CHAs and CHIP documents from PHAB-accredited LHD. The study analyzed 17 publicly available CHA/CHIP reports from PHAB-accredited LHDs and 15 publicly available CHA/CHIP reports from unaccredited LHDs.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Quality scores were based on 17 evaluation criteria, including stakeholder involvement, data examination, plan feasibility, and LHD-hospital collaboration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found significant variation in the quality of CHAs and CHIP documents across all LHDs. The highest criterion scores were for partner involvement, data examination, and plan feasibility. The lowest scores were for LHD-hospital collaboration, use of evidence-based strategies, and plan evaluation. No community variables significantly predicted overall report scores. The study found that accredited LHDs scored significantly higher than unaccredited LHDs on overall report quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The quality of CHAs and CHIP documents varies among Kentucky LHDs, highlighting the need for more robust guidance and standardized criteria, particularly for LHDs not yet pursuing accreditation. Strengthening hospital-LHD collaboration and focusing on evidence-based strategies can improve public health outcomes. High-quality CHA/CHIP reporting is essential for effective public health interventions and improved health outcomes. Enhancing CHA/CHIP processes through legislative changes, departmental guidance, and the pursuit of public health accreditation are promising avenues for improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing the Lack of Nutritional Interventions Tailored to the Experiences of the Homeless: A Perspective.","authors":"Aditi Tuli, Carolina Escamilla, Ben King","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic Moral Courage.","authors":"James C Thomas","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Communities of Practice to Support Translation of Knowledge Into Action Among State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Agencies: Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Alyssa Bosold, Rachel Machta, Jackie Brenner, Deborah S Porterfield","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, communities of practice (CoPs) supported state, Tribal, local, and territorial (STLT) public health agencies. No studies have examined the collective role of these CoPs in helping STLT public health agencies translate guidance into practice.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This qualitative study examines the types of CoPs that supported STLT public health agencies during the COVID-19 response, how CoPs assisted in translating guidance into practice, and the characteristics of CoPs that made them valuable to STLT public health members. We report lessons for future public health emergencies (PHEs) for STLT public health agencies and membership organizations that represent them.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We conducted 21 in-depth interviews with CoP leaders, STLT public health participants, and federal agency sponsors and collaborators.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>We interviewed 9 CoP leads, 6 STLT participants, and 6 federal agency representatives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three types of CoPs, each with unique advantages, supported STLT public health agencies during the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) CoPs led by federal agencies, (2) CoPs led by membership organizations or associations that represent STLT public health agencies, and (3) CoPs led by other nonfederal organizations, such as philanthropic organizations and academic institutions. The most valuable CoPs to STLT public health agencies had a clear focus on issues of significance to their members, strong connections between members, and a structure tailored to the group's goals. STLT public health agencies valued CoP support with implementing guidance-based policies and practices and facilitating bidirectional communication with federal agencies. STLT public health agencies also benefitted from tailored and implementation-focused resources developed through CoPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study affirms the importance of CoPs in facilitating collaboration and information-sharing among multiple actors during PHEs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, CoPs helped STLT public health agencies implement guidance, tailor approaches to specific contexts, and generate practice-based discoveries to advance the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Senility-Related Mortality in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Sabrina Soin, Rama Mouhaffel, Hoang Nhat Pham, Enkhtsogt Sainbayar, Mahmoud Abdelnabi, Ramzi Ibrahim","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Senility has been shown to negatively impact health outcomes. While national stressors have altered death trajectories for numerous diseases, little is known about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on senility-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on senility-related mortality in the United States.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This is a retrospective analysis of US decedents with documented senility-related death using the CDC WONDER database. We estimated annual trends in senility-related age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) from 1999 to 2020 using log-linear regression models. Calculation of excess deaths attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic was completed by comparison of actual 2020 mortality rates and estimated 2020 mortality using average annual percentage changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 510 819 senility-related deaths were identified. AAMR declined by 9.76%, from 7.48 in 1999 to 6.75 deaths per 100 000 in 2020. Year 2020 showed a marked increase in mortality, with 1.13 excess deaths per 100 000 population attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to an additional burden of mortality across both sexes, resulting in an estimated 1.18 and 0.99 per 100 000 excess deaths among females and males, respectively. The excess death rates per 100 000 for Black, White, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native populations were 1.84, 1.05, 0.99, and 1.16, respectively. The impact on US census regions was reflected in excess death rates, with the Northeastern, Midwestern, Southern, and Western regions seeing 1.27, 1.27, 1.39, and 0.31 excess deaths per 100 000, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that the pandemic had an association with excess senility-related mortality. Further investigation is warranted to identify factors that impact senility-related outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating Parcel-Based Housing Conditions to Increase the Precision of Identifying Children With Elevated Blood Lead.","authors":"Erika Rasnick Manning, Qing Duan, Cole Brokamp","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Area-level predictive models are commonly used to screen children for blood lead levels (BLLs) greater than the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) blood lead reference value (BLRV) of 3.5 µg/dL.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To increase screening accuracy and precision by creating a parcel-level model incorporating housing characteristics to predict parcels where children are at high risk.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Residential addresses associated with child blood lead tests were linked to neighborhood- and parcel-level characteristics and proximity to lead sources. Regression forests were fit using different predictor combinations and compared using cross-validated accuracy and decile-based agreement across all residential parcels.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Hamilton County, Ohio, United States.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Children less than 6 years of age with blood lead tests between January 2020 and April 2023.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Cross-validated model accuracy and decile-based agreement across residential parcels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>27,782 tests were matched to a residential parcel. Regression forests using Parcel + Source (70.8% AUC) and Neighborhood + Parcel + Source predictors (70.3% AUC) had the highest cross-validated accuracy for predicting BLLs >3.5 µg/dL. Parcel-level predictions revealed heterogeneity of risk across parcels within the same tract.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Parcel characteristics improved the accuracy of predicting locations of children with BLLs >3.5 µg/dL and can help identify children at high risk living in low-risk areas. A parcel-level identification of housing-based lead hazards could guide and support action to prevent pediatric lead exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}