Journal of Public Health Management and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Advancing Workforce Development and Evidence-Based Practice in US Territories: An Evaluation of the Public Health Disaster Research Award Program.","authors":"Meghan Mordy, Rachel M Adams, Lori Peek, Jennifer Tobin, Tracy N Thomas, Robin Soler","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002156","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Many people living in the 5 inhabited US territories experience high rates of natural hazard exposure and social vulnerability to disaster impacts. Public health workforce development and evidence-based, culturally competent approaches to disaster preparedness, response, and recovery are needed in these regions.</p><p><strong>Program: </strong>In 2020, the Natural Hazards Center established the Public Health Disaster Research Award Program with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The program's goal is to advance public health disaster research and practice by funding, training, mentoring, and connecting researchers, students, and practitioners in historically underserved areas with high natural hazard risk. Between 2020 and 2022, 26 research teams received up to $50 000 each to investigate public health disasters in 1 or more US territories. The program also supported awardees by providing individual consultations, online trainings, feedback on report drafts, and a virtual group workshop on the public health implications of research. Awardees authored final reports and presented at a public webinar.</p><p><strong>Evaluation: </strong>In 2023, the Natural Hazards Center developed and distributed an online survey to all principal investigators. The survey evaluated how awardees advanced knowledge about public health disasters in the US territories; what skills, resources, and connections they acquired; and how they translated their research into public health applications and otherwise disseminated their findings.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our evaluation showed that the program is advancing knowledge of understudied hazard contexts and socially vulnerable populations in the US territories and supports awardees in sharing their findings with academics, policymakers, and practitioners. Moreover, it expanded the public health disaster workforce by bringing professionals from a diverse range of disciplines and institutions into the field, and by investing in students, early career scholars, and investigators based in US territories. Researchers are working with local partners to apply their findings to practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"600-609"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating Parcel-Based Housing Conditions to Increase the Precision of Identifying Children With Elevated Blood Lead.","authors":"Erika Rasnick Manning, Qing Duan, Cole Brokamp","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002109","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Area-level predictive models are commonly used to screen children for blood lead levels (BLLs) greater than the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) blood lead reference value (BLRV) of 3.5 µg/dL.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To increase screening accuracy and precision by creating a parcel-level model incorporating housing characteristics to predict parcels where children are at high risk.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Residential addresses associated with child blood lead tests were linked to neighborhood- and parcel-level characteristics and proximity to lead sources. Regression forests were fit using different predictor combinations and compared using cross-validated accuracy and decile-based agreement across all residential parcels.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Hamilton County, Ohio, United States.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Children less than 6 years of age with blood lead tests between January 2020 and April 2023.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Cross-validated model accuracy and decile-based agreement across residential parcels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>27,782 tests were matched to a residential parcel. Regression forests using Parcel + Source (70.8% AUC) and Neighborhood + Parcel + Source predictors (70.3% AUC) had the highest cross-validated accuracy for predicting BLLs >3.5 µg/dL. Parcel-level predictions revealed heterogeneity of risk across parcels within the same tract.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Parcel characteristics improved the accuracy of predicting locations of children with BLLs >3.5 µg/dL and can help identify children at high risk living in low-risk areas. A parcel-level identification of housing-based lead hazards could guide and support action to prevent pediatric lead exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"621-630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Senility-Related Mortality in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Sabrina Soin, Rama Mouhaffel, Hoang Nhat Pham, Enkhtsogt Sainbayar, Mahmoud Abdelnabi, Ramzi Ibrahim","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002122","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Senility has been shown to negatively impact health outcomes. While national stressors have altered death trajectories for numerous diseases, little is known about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on senility-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on senility-related mortality in the United States.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This is a retrospective analysis of US decedents with documented senility-related death using the CDC WONDER database. We estimated annual trends in senility-related age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) from 1999 to 2020 using log-linear regression models. Calculation of excess deaths attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic was completed by comparison of actual 2020 mortality rates and estimated 2020 mortality using average annual percentage changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 510 819 senility-related deaths were identified. AAMR declined by 9.76%, from 7.48 in 1999 to 6.75 deaths per 100 000 in 2020. Year 2020 showed a marked increase in mortality, with 1.13 excess deaths per 100 000 population attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to an additional burden of mortality across both sexes, resulting in an estimated 1.18 and 0.99 per 100 000 excess deaths among females and males, respectively. The excess death rates per 100 000 for Black, White, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native populations were 1.84, 1.05, 0.99, and 1.16, respectively. The impact on US census regions was reflected in excess death rates, with the Northeastern, Midwestern, Southern, and Western regions seeing 1.27, 1.27, 1.39, and 0.31 excess deaths per 100 000, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that the pandemic had an association with excess senility-related mortality. Further investigation is warranted to identify factors that impact senility-related outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"E222-E225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telephonic Visits Program to Link Justice-Involved Individuals Diagnosed With HIV in Jail to Community HIV Care.","authors":"Harit Agroia, Kristin Walsh, Iliam Lopez, Rene Padilla","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002118","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Correctional facilities serve as a key location to identify and treat those with HIV given high rates of HIV seen in justice-involved individuals; however, substantial barriers exist to accessing HIV care in the community upon release. In response to restricted in-person activities due to COVID-19, the County of Santa Clara (SCC) Jail launched a telephonic visits program in January 2021 to link justice-involved individuals diagnosed with HIV to community HIV care following release. Telephonic visits were conducted by social workers from SCC Public Health Department; these visits entailed conducting an HIV needs assessment, providing education, and offering support services. Following release, individuals were contacted by phone to assist with scheduling appointments, refilling medications, and transportation to clinic appointments. Telephonic visits offered a new opportunity to support HIV linkage to care; connecting with individuals prior to release from jail may mitigate barriers in receiving ongoing HIV care in the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"641-645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a New Framework to Address Public Health Ethical Considerations in Wastewater Surveillance.","authors":"Rachel West, Jazmyn Moore, Kata Chillag, Elizabeth Fenton, Erin Laird, Alyssa Boyea","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002167","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":"31 4","pages":"683-685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening Local Health Departments: The Impact of Certification in Infection Control.","authors":"Jaclyn Abramson, Daniel Pagán","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002171","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002171","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":"31 4","pages":"677-680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salary and Job Requirement Differences for Jobs in Local and State Health Departments Versus the Private Sector: Analysis of Large-Scale Job Postings Data.","authors":"Heather Krasna, Isabella Patino, Sezen Ozcan Onal, Malvika Venkataraman","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002129","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>While some research shows that health departments pay comparably low wages for many jobs, federal data on salaries for employees of local and state health departments are limited. Job postings provide an alternative, real-time method to assess job requirements and salaries. Our goal was to utilize data from job postings to determine if there were significant differences in salary, education, or experience requirements when comparing jobs in local or state government health departments with the same types of jobs posted in other sectors.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We used Lightcast, a large-scale and comprehensive database of job postings, to gather real-time data on salary, education, and experience requirements for 44 public health occupations, contrasting those in state and local health departments (SLHDs) with those in all other sectors. We used interval regression analysis to assess salary differences and contrasted minimum education and experience levels using a partial proportional odds model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 284 job postings were collected for the government, and 12 609 441 in the private sector. Twenty-seven occupations paid significantly less in SLHDs, and 6 paid significantly more. For 37 occupations, SLHDs were less likely to require at least a Master's degree than the private sector. Certain SLHD positions require less education and/or experience, while also paying less.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Many, though not all, roles in the SLHD workforce are comparatively underpaid, and job requirements are often lower, potentially creating recruitment and retention challenges and producing a workforce that may be less prepared for public health crises. SLHDs can use data from job postings to benchmark their salaries and advocate for more competitive wages, especially for \"hard-to-fill\" positions, and can also better advertise their benefits to attract candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"E244-E257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Communities of Practice to Support Translation of Knowledge Into Action Among State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Agencies: Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Alyssa Bosold, Rachel Machta, Jackie Brenner, Deborah S Porterfield","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002114","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, communities of practice (CoPs) supported state, Tribal, local, and territorial (STLT) public health agencies. No studies have examined the collective role of these CoPs in helping STLT public health agencies translate guidance into practice.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This qualitative study examines the types of CoPs that supported STLT public health agencies during the COVID-19 response, how CoPs assisted in translating guidance into practice, and the characteristics of CoPs that made them valuable to STLT public health members. We report lessons for future public health emergencies (PHEs) for STLT public health agencies and membership organizations that represent them.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We conducted 21 in-depth interviews with CoP leaders, STLT public health participants, and federal agency sponsors and collaborators.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>We interviewed 9 CoP leads, 6 STLT participants, and 6 federal agency representatives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three types of CoPs, each with unique advantages, supported STLT public health agencies during the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) CoPs led by federal agencies, (2) CoPs led by membership organizations or associations that represent STLT public health agencies, and (3) CoPs led by other nonfederal organizations, such as philanthropic organizations and academic institutions. The most valuable CoPs to STLT public health agencies had a clear focus on issues of significance to their members, strong connections between members, and a structure tailored to the group's goals. STLT public health agencies valued CoP support with implementing guidance-based policies and practices and facilitating bidirectional communication with federal agencies. STLT public health agencies also benefitted from tailored and implementation-focused resources developed through CoPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study affirms the importance of CoPs in facilitating collaboration and information-sharing among multiple actors during PHEs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, CoPs helped STLT public health agencies implement guidance, tailor approaches to specific contexts, and generate practice-based discoveries to advance the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"631-640"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Breath of Fresh Air: Pilot Testing Electronic Case Reporting for Public Health Surveillance of Occupational Lung Diseases in Wisconsin.","authors":"Paul D Creswell, Sara Mader, Komi K S Modji, Katherine E McCoy","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002147","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Public health surveillance plays a crucial role in evaluating disease risk and providing timely evidence to policymakers and the public. However, surveillance of many occupational diseases is limited by existing surveillance infrastructure, which is heavily dependent on laboratory tests.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present pilot study compared case data for 3 occupational lung diseases (ie, silicosis, asbestosis, and farmer's lung disease) from electronic case reports (eCR) with existing hospital discharge data in the state of Wisconsin to see if eCR-which sends health records directly from clinics when specific criteria are met-provided previously undetected cases of these reportable diseases.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Case data for 3 reportable occupational lung diseases were pulled from eCR records within the Wisconsin Electronic Disease Surveillance System. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, a unique identifier was used to match eCR cases to hospital discharge data.</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>This study was conducted using administrative data at a state health department to compare data systems and assess the utility of eCR for occupational health surveillance.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The number and percentage of matched and unmatched cases were calculated to assess the overlap of the 2 data systems. For eCR cases, the median number of years since diagnosis was also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The percentage of eCR cases that could not be matched to hospital discharge data ranged from 55% to 81.2%, depending on the disease of interest. The median length of time since diagnoses for eCR cases was multiple years, suggesting that most had long been missing from existing surveillance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that eCR creates new potential in occupational health surveillance. eCR was found to provide previously undetected cases of occupational lung disease at a state health department and stands to improve the timeliness of case reporting as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"558-565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Media Monitoring to Inform Targeted Health Communications for Adolescents, Older Adults, and LGBTQ+ People.","authors":"Erika Bonnevie, Sierra Smith, Maddie Kapur, Joe Smyser, Brian C Castrucci","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002132","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This manuscript assesses how media monitoring can guide the tailoring of public health communications for adolescents, older adults, and LGBTQ+ individuals, addressing their unique mental health challenges.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The study employed a thematic analysis of publicly available digital and social media data.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Research was conducted using media monitoring platforms, with a focus on conversations relevant to specific groups within the United States.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The dataset included millions of public posts relevant to mental health issues among adolescents, older adults, and LGBTQ+ communities, collected over a one-year period. Main Outcome Measures: Key themes and patterns within mental health discussions were identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Discussions around the \"youth mental health crisis\" were prominent, with 25% of adolescent-related posts reflecting this sentiment, often highlighting the impact of social media and academic pressures. For older adults, themes of loneliness and financial struggles were recurrent, with discussions showing a lack of practical support and resources. In LGBTQ+ conversations, there was an emphasis on the challenges of discrimination and identity-related misconceptions, with 28% of the mentions relating to mental health crises involving suicide or self-harm. These discussions underscored the critical need for inclusive and affirmative support tailored to the unique challenges faced by these groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Media monitoring provides essential insights that can improve public health messaging by identifying trending mental health discussions and sentiments. By acknowledging and addressing the specific needs and challenges of specific population groups, public health communicators can develop more effective strategies that not only highlight problems but also offer clear, actionable solutions to promote better mental health outcomes and support. This approach is crucial for adapting health communications to the evolving landscape of media and public discourse, ensuring that messages are both relevant and supportive.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"614-620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}