Journal of Public Health Management and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Revisiting the Third Rail: Politics and Public Health in the Post-COVID Era.","authors":"Ana Stevens, Matthew Bobo, Chaundra Bishop, Janesse Brewer, Ned Calonge, Johanna Gibbs, Jacqueline Hassett, Amelia Jamison, Daniel Salmon, Lee Smith, Elizabeth Talbott, Elizabeth Velasco, Katherine Waters","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002021","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equipping the Public Health Workforce of the Future: Evaluation of an Evidence-Based Public Health Training Delivered Through Academic-Health Department Partnerships.","authors":"Stephanie Mazzucca-Ragan, Carol A Brownson, Maurine M Crouch, Sarah Davis, Kathleen O Duffany, Paul C Erwin, Jenn A Leiferman, Lisa C McCormick, Jeffery T Walker, Ross C Brownson","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Maintaining a skilled public health workforce is essential but challenging given high turnover and that few staff hold a public health degree. Situating workforce development within existing structures leverages the strengths of different organizations and can build relationships to address public health challenges and health equity. We implemented and evaluated an innovative, sustainable model to deliver an established evidence-based public health (EBPH) training collaboratively among Prevention Research Centers (PRC), local and state health departments, and Public Health Training Centers (PHTC).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Quantitative data: quasi-experimental, 1-group pre-post. Qualitative data: cross-sectional. Data were collected between December 2021 and August 2022.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Four US sites, each a partnership between a PRC, local or state health department, and a PHTC.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Governmental public health staff and representatives from other organizations that implement public health programs in practice settings.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Course participants completed a pre- and postcourse survey self-rating 14 skills on a 5-point Likert scale. Differences were analyzed using mixed effects linear models. In-depth interviews (n = 15) were conducted with course faculty and partners to understand: (1) resources contributed, (2) barriers and facilitators, (3) benefits and challenges, and (4) resources needed to sustain this model. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and a thematic analysis identified themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant increases in all skills were observed from pre- to postcourse (n = 241 at post, 90% response). The skills with the largest increases were understanding economic evaluation enough to inform decision-making (mean change = 1.22, standard error [SE] = 0.05) and developing an action plan (mean change = 1.07, SE = 0.07). Facilitators to delivering the course included having a shared goal of workforce development, existing course curricula, and dedicated funding for delivering the course.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collaborative delivery of the EBPH training can ameliorate the effects of high staff turnover, strengthen academic-practice relationships, and promote population-wide health and health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Coders' Use of the ICD-10-CM \"Unspecified\" Codes for Head and Brain Injury in Emergency Department Settings.","authors":"Tracy Wharton, Morgan Bailey, Alexis Peterson, Kelly Sarmiento, Julia A Bleser, Emily Hunt Costello","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>In the emergency department (ED) setting, prioritizing triage and patient care may lead to challenges in capturing detailed documentation necessary for specific International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) coding in medical records. Consequently, the prevalent use of the \"unspecified head injury\" code poses concerns about the precision of ED-based administrative billing claims data when analyzed for public health surveillance of nonfatal traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Understanding the perspective of medical coders can illuminate coding processes and opportunities to enhance coding accuracy for TBI and other head injuries in the ED.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This evaluation explores medical coders' perspectives and challenges when assigning ICD-10-CM codes to head injuries in the ED.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This qualitative evaluation utilized a phenomenological approach, which employed semi-structured interviews to understand medical coders' perspectives, processes, and coding determinations for head injuries in the ED.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Interviews were conducted using a HIPAA-compliant video-based platform between July 2022 and January 2023.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Seventeen medical coders with ED coding experience were interviewed. Their backgrounds were diverse, though most had more than 15 years of experience.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes: </strong>Four qualitative themes emerged, which highlighted challenges with lack of detailed documentation, defaulting to unspecified codes, time, and productivity pressure, and additional insights into coders' assumptions and code determination processes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Medical coders expressed challenges assigning ICD-10-CM codes to the highest level of specificity, citing issues including insufficient documentation by ED providers and terminology variations. Workplace time constraints and pressure for expedited claims also led to defaulting to unspecified codes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This evaluation highlights the need for improved documentation consistency and detail in ED records to facilitate accurate ICD-10-CM coding. Alleviating time pressures, improving algorithms, and offering specialized training opportunities to medical coders could be helpful steps to improve coding specificity and data accuracy for head injuries in the ED.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Adaptability: Exploring Structural Empowerment and Systems Thinking Among State Governmental Public Health Nutritionists.","authors":"Angela M Tagtow, Christina R Welter, Steven Seweryn, Marie L Spiker, Jill Lange, Jeneane McDonald, Yuka Asada","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explored how structural empowerment and systems thinking enabled public health nutritionists to adapt to complex environments. Interviews with 14 dietitian-prepared nutritionists from state governmental public health agencies elucidated 3 key themes: leveraging relationships was essential to exercising structural empowerment and systems thinking; accessing resources and support were priorities in supporting public health nutrition initiatives; and addressing gaps in formal training, specific to systems thinking, enabled adaptability to work in public health settings. The findings highlight the need for broader examinations into strengthening access to organizational power structures; integrating systems thinking into public health operations; and sustaining professional development for the public health workforce, especially with limited resources. Enhancing access to organizational power structures and applying systems thinking can empower the public health workforce to better adapt to challenges by building relationships, accessing resources and support, and making informed decisions that positively impact population health.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underrepresented Populations on Public Health Data Dashboards: Design Considerations for Improving Usability and Usefulness.","authors":"Bahareh Ansari, Mehdi Barati, Xiaojun Yuan","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Representation of racial and ethnic minority groups and sexual and gender minority groups is limited on public health data dashboards. The small size of these populations leads to data being aggregated or suppressed to produce stable estimations and preserve individuals' information privacy. This might, however, limit the usefulness of the represented data for identifying individuals' risk factors and allocating services.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore public health practitioners' concerns about underrepresented populations on public health data dashboards that emerged during a usability evaluation study.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>20 public health practitioners from New York State, US.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Virtual Zoom meetings were conducted to monitor the participants' use of a public health dashboard and ask about their experience using it. The collected data, in the form of researchers' notes and audio transcripts, were analyzed using the thematic analysis approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were very concerned about the underrepresentation of sexual and gender minority groups and racial and ethnic minority groups on public health data dashboards. Four themes emerged regarding the consequences of the underrepresentation: (1) misinterpretation of risk for underrepresented groups, (2) exacerbating the mistrust between underrepresented populations and the government, (3) a potential disservice to underserved populations if the data is used as the basis for allocating resources, and (4) and unknown impact for the individuals whose demographic information is unknown.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We propose considerations for displaying underrepresented populations on public health data dashboards to improve the utility of the represented data.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physician and Physician Trainee Barriers to Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing in Adolescents and Young Adults Aged 15-24 in the United States: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Alexandra Filipkowski, Carol Kunzel","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best Practices and Lessons Learned From the Public Health Disability Specialists Program: Addressing the Needs of People With Disabilities During COVID-19.","authors":"Robyn A Cree, Allison Wray, Adrianna Evans, Sara Lyons, Haley Burrous, Margaret Nilz, Cendra Clarke, Jennifer Li, Jon Baio","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) and the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) applied funding issued by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to implement the Public Health Disability Specialists Program, part of a project to address the needs of people with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disability specialists (subject matter experts) were embedded within state, territorial, and city/county health departments to help ensure disability inclusion in emergency planning, mitigation, and recovery efforts.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the success of the Disability Specialists Program in improving emergency response planning, mitigation, and recovery efforts for people with disabilities within participating jurisdictions.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Disability specialists worked with their assigned jurisdictions to conduct standardized baseline health department needs assessments to identify existing gaps and inform development and implementation of improvement plans. CDC, ASTHO, and NACCHO implemented a mixed methods framework to evaluate specialists' success.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>State, territorial, and local health departments across 28 jurisdictions between January 2021 and July 2022.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Average number of categories of gaps addressed and qualitative documentation of strategies, barriers, and promising practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Specialists identified 1010 gaps (approximately 36 per jurisdiction) across eight needs assessment categories, most related to mitigation, recovery, resilience, and sustainability efforts (n = 213) and communication (n = 193). Specialists addressed an average of three categories of gaps identified; common focus areas included equitable COVID-19 vaccine distribution and accessible communications. Specialists commonly mentioned barriers related to limited health agency capacity (eg, resources) and community mistrust. Promising practices to address barriers included sharing best practices through peer-to-peer networks and building and strengthening partnerships between health departments and the disability community.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Embedding disability specialists within state, territorial, and local health departments improved jurisdictional ability to meet evolving public health needs for the entire community, including people with disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Framework for Response Escalation and Emergency Response Asset Management.","authors":"Victoria Jeisy-Scott, Samantha Morgan, Chaunté Stampley, Debra Lubar, Christopher K Brown, Sara J Vagi","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) responds to public health emergencies at various levels within its organization. Overtime, CDC's response capabilities have matured across the organization due to years of emergency management investment and experience across the agency. In 2019, CDC began to implement the Graduated Response Framework to formalize an approach for managing public health emergencies that recognizes its response capabilities and meets the evolving needs of the country. This brief report summarizes CDC's Graduated Response Framework structure, and how response management escalates and de-escalates according to resource needs and complexity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Partnerships Out of Barriers: Lessons Learned From Partnerships Between Centers for Independent Living and Health Departments During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Hailey Bednar, LaTasha Callis, Alaina Whitton, Sara Lyons, Kimberly Tissot","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>People with disabilities were left behind in the beginning of the COVID-19 vaccination rollout. More work needs to be done to connect people with disabilities to public health initiatives. Centers for Independent Living (CILs) are an important and under-utilized community partner for health departments and should be engaged as a trusted source when working to reach people with disabilities and improve access to public health programs and services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The National Foundation for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Foundation), through funding from the CDC, launched the Leveraging CILs to Increase Vaccine Access for People with Disabilities project. The primary goal was to increase accessibility of the COVID-19 vaccination among people with disabilities through (1) outreach and education, (2) service linkage and barrier removal through increasing accessible, (3) widespread education about the vaccine, and (4) improved partnerships between disability-led organizations and local health care providers.</p><p><strong>Outputs: </strong>A grant program resulted in 39 awards distributed to CILs across the United States totaling $2 955 294.00 between November 2021 and March 2023. The project successfully resulted in reported improvements in partnerships between funded CILs and local health providers and a reported reduction in barriers to accessing vaccinations faced by people with disabilities. A suite of resources was also created to address targeted needs identified throughout partner implementation. Successful outreach to the targeted population resulted in 27 044 consumers being directly reached by CILs and 3 675 655 people reached through communication and outreach activities.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Catalytic funding to disability-led organizations during public health emergency response and including people with disabilities as subject matter experts in program design can successfully strengthen access to care via trust building, message dissemination, and partnership. Building the capacity of community-based and consumer-led partners to implement evidence-based public health programming can provide a foundation for improved care for people with disabilities, particularly during an emergency response.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Cognitive Intervention on Neurocognitive Development of Schoolchildren Exposed to Lead in a Semi-Urban Community in Mexico.","authors":"Marlene Cortez-Lugo, Lizeth Ximena Huanca-Laura, David Hernández-Bonilla, Urinda Alamo-Hernández, Sergio Montes, Raquel García-Feregrino, Sara Velázquez, Luis Antonio Tristán-López","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lead exposure is a severe public health issue that can adversely affect children's neurocognitive development. A semi-urban community in Mexico has been exposed to lead from food cooked in glazed clay pots. A cognitive intervention was conducted from 2015 to 2016 to minimize this negative impact. This intervention aimed to improve the neurocognitive development of the affected children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental study with a control group was conducted in children aged 7 to 12 years from 2 communities in Morelos, Mexico. Blood lead levels were determined, and the neurocognitive function was assessed pre- and postintervention with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and Children's Auditory Verbal Learning Test-2. A cognitive intervention was conducted at the school. The difference-in-differences method adjusted for variables known as priori and evaluated the impact of cognitive intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The differences-in-differences models indicated a significant average increase in scores on the Verbal Comprehension Index (9.58 points), Processing Speed Index (5.33 points), intelligence quotient (5.63 points) level of learning (7.66 points), interference trial (10.12 points), immediate memory span (7.98 points), and recognition accuracy (1.18 points) subtests after the cognitive intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that cognitive intervention improves neurocognitive development in schoolchildren exposed to Pb.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}