Journal of Public Health Management and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Lessons From Leading During a Pandemic: An Exploratory Study of Public Health Leadership Insights on Training, Preparation, and Experiences From the Field During COVID-19.","authors":"Amay V Singh, Lijie Niu, C Anderson Johnson, Jay E Orr, Paula H Palmer","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The public health workforce encountered challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic that exposed areas for improvement in preparation for future public health threats. Key among these is well-trained public health leaders equipped with an array of crisis leadership skills.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the training background, assess the perceived preparedness, and garner recommendations for training of the future public health workforce from public health leaders who navigated the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This exploratory research gleaned information by utilizing an online questionnaire and interviews to provide lessons learned regarding improvements needed for public health leader preparedness.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Three California public health departments representing urban, suburban, and rural populations.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Thirty public health leaders who were directly involved in public health work for ≥3 years in a leadership/management role and involved in COVID-19-related work for at least 6 months participated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Questionnaire findings revealed gaps in crisis leadership, communication, and collaboration training. Interview results supported and expanded upon the quantitative findings, including the value of various competencies and recommendations to improve the preparedness of future public health leaders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggested that although many of the skills needed are competencies for accredited public health training programs, effective leadership during public health emergencies may require additional training beyond what is generally provided. Recommendations include integrating study findings into public health training programs to address competency gaps, leveraging results to enhance leadership skills, and promoting collaboration between public health departments and academic institutions to develop evidence-informed crisis leadership training. These findings inform strategies to ensure the preparedness of the public health workforce for future crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":"30 5","pages":"E201-E210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening the US Public Health Lab System: Summary of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) After Action Review Workshop.","authors":"Shoshana R Shelton, Christopher D Nelson, Maureen Sullivan, Kelly Wroblewski, Erik Mueller, Tyler Wolford","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001948","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the significance of public health laboratories across the United States, while also revealing weaknesses in the laboratory system.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify actionable recommendations for building a more resilient public health laboratory system based on previously published lessons learned from COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>In April 2023, the Association of Public Health Laboratories, in cooperation with RAND , convened a 1.5-day after action review workshop of approximately 30 public health laboratory stakeholders to reevaluate priorities, improve processes, and affect policies.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Analysis of workshop discussions identified 5 priority areas and 19 recommendations related to clarifying laboratories' unique role and promoting workforce capacity/agility, technology, and collaboration with governmental and nongovernmental partners.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within the identified priority areas, workshop participants described how the recommendations would address challenges encountered during COVID-19 and contribute to strengthening the system.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As the risk of novel infectious diseases persists and grows, the importance of maintaining laboratory response capabilities is likely to increase. Addressing the system's weaknesses will require active engagement of laboratories and the many stakeholders who depend on them, along with consistent, adequate funding to strengthen and sustain capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"710-717"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Patient-Centered, Nonphysician Led Self-Monitoring Blood Pressure Program in a Rural Federally Qualified Health Center.","authors":"Magali Sanchez, KeliAnne K Hara-Hubbard, Bárbara Baquero","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001937","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, or death. Self-monitoring blood pressure (SMBP) programs have been associated with blood pressure (BP) reduction, particularly among rural, minority, and low-income individuals. There is limited literature about nonphysician SMBP programs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of an SMBP program designed to engage nonphysician team members in hypertension management within a federally qualified health center (FQHC).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Self-monitoring blood pressure program activities were implemented using a Plan, Do, Study, Act model. The University of Washington Health Promotion Research Center evaluated processes and patient-level outcomes in a mixed-methods design. Quantitative analysis examined clinical outcomes related to hypertension, and qualitative analysis relied on interviews with clinical staff examining program implementation, adoption, and sustainability.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Family Health Centers (FHCs), a FQHC located in rural Washington, serving medically underserved populations.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Two hundred five active SMBP patients out of 2600 adult patients (over 18 years old) who had a diagnosis of hypertension within the last 12 months.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Patients with uncontrolled hypertension were given a BP cuff to log their daily BP. Patients met with community health workers (CHWs) and medical staff to review logs and set self-management goals over 3 to 4 months.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Controlled BP measurements and factors to implementation and sustainment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Facilitators to implementation included expanded telehealth reimbursement during the COVID-19 pandemic, integration of CHWs, and linguistically adapted resources. Barriers included a lack of reimbursement for nonphysician time and BP monitors. Quantitative results demonstrated an effort to reach minoritized populations but did not show an improvement in BP outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Family Health Center implemented an SMBP program adapted to meet the linguistic and social needs of their patients. The successful integration of CHWs and the need for reimbursement policies to support SMBP programs were key factors for implementation and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":"30 ","pages":"S167-S174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring With Clinical Support: A Qualitative Study of Federally Qualified Health Centers.","authors":"Heather G Zook, Rachel S Cruz, Traci R Capesius, Melissa Chapman Haynes","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001894","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Self-measured blood pressure monitoring (SMBP) with clinical support is effective at reducing blood pressure for people with hypertension. Although strengths and challenges around SMBP are well-documented, few studies describe the complexities of real-world implementation of SMBP with clinical support in the Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) setting.</p><p><strong>Program: </strong>Between 2019 and 2023, the Ohio Department of Health funded the Ohio Association of Community Health Centers to manage a multiyear quality improvement (QI) project with 21 FQHCs. The project aimed to improve the identification and management of patients with hypertension, diabetes, and prediabetes. This study focuses on the activities implemented to provide SMBP support to patients with hypertension.</p><p><strong>Implementation: </strong>FQHCs implemented clinical SMBP support using multiple roles, approaches, and resources. FQHCs established a process to identify patients eligible for SMBP support, provide blood pressure monitors, train patients on SMBP, track blood pressure readings, follow up with patients, and connect patients to resources.</p><p><strong>Evaluation: </strong>External evaluators interviewed 13 staff members within seven FQHCs from the QI project. Interviewed FQHCs were located across Ohio and represented urban, rural, suburban, and Appalachian areas. Clinical activities to support SMBP, facilitators, and barriers were identified with thematic analysis. The National Association of Community Health Centers SMBP Implementation Toolkit was used as a framework to assess SMBP activities. Facilitators included team-based care, health information technology capacity, funding for blood pressure monitors and staff time, leadership and staff support, and external support. Barriers included technology challenges, staffing shortages, low patient engagement, sustainability, and the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study demonstrates how FQHCs can use a variety of staff, processes, and resources to implement clinical SMBP support across a range of geographic regions. To facilitate this, FQHCs and patients may need more comprehensive insurance coverage of blood pressure monitors, reimbursement for staff time, and technology support.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":"30 ","pages":"S107-S115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11268788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining and Advancing Health Equity in the US Territories and Freely Associated States.","authors":"Julia Von Alexander, Karl Ensign, Alex Wheatley, Neyling Fajardo","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001991","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001991","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":"30 5","pages":"640-642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Online Data Collection and Reporting to Local Health Departments during the Pandemic: The COVID-19 Outbreak Public Evaluation (COPE) Initiative SARS-CoV-2 Case Surveys.","authors":"Lauren A Booker, Mark É Czeisler, Rashon I Lane, Robert C Orellana, Kristen Lundeen, Kathryn Macomber, Jim Collins, Prerna Varma, Shantha M W Rajaratnam, Mark E Howard, Charles A Czeisler, Matthew D Weaver","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop and implement a pilot online data collection tool to help local health departments with their COVID-19 pandemic response efforts and inform health department actions.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The COVID-19 Outbreak Public Evaluation (COPE) was an online survey and was distributed by participating sites to individuals who recently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Surveys recorded participant demographics and assessed recent infection risk behaviors (eg, mask use, air travel), vaccination status, sleep and exercise habits, social behaviors and beliefs, and physical and mental health.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Seven health departments participated in the initiative, which took place during May 1 to September 30, 2022. Identical items were administered to demographically representative samples of adults nationally in the United States within a similar timeframe.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 38 555 participants completed surveys. Responses from participants with recent SARS-CoV-2 infections were compared with respondents from the national surveys who did not have evidence or awareness of prior SARS-CoV-2 infections.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>To implement of a process that allows health departments to receive data from local cases and compare this information to national controls during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-four biweekly reports were provided to public health departments between May and September 2022. Information and comparisons within the reports were updated in response to evolving public health priorities for the pandemic response. The initiative helped to guide public health response efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the receptiveness by local health departments and participants provides evidence to support this data collection and reporting model as a component of the public health response to future emergencies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This project demonstrates the feasibility of a centralized, rapid, and adaptive data collection system for local health departments and provides evidence to advocate for data collection methods to help guide local health departments to respond in a timely and effective manner to future public health emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":"30 5","pages":"E224-E229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge and Biosecurity Practices Related to Avian Influenza Among Poultry Workers in a District of South India.","authors":"Chandan Mahadevan, Roopashree Mikkilineni, Navya Vyas, Nagappa Karabasanavar","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001914","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, is a contagious disease that affects both animals and humans, posing a significant threat to public health, animal welfare, and the economy. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge of avian influenza among poultry farmworkers and evaluate the biosecurity practices implemented on their farms.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study's primary objective was to assess the knowledge regarding avian influenza among poultry farmworkers and the biosecurity practices they follow at the farm.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted in a district of South India.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>This study included 105 poultry farmworkers across 70 poultry farms in the district.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Assessment of the participants' knowledge related to avian influenza, and the association between knowledge levels, demographic, and farm-related factors such as working experience in the poultry farm, type of poultry farm, type of poultry reared, and biosecurity practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study, 90% of participants were aware of avian influenza, with 36% correctly identifying the virus as its cause, whereas 5% wrongly cited it to be a bacteria. Although 90% knew avian influenza was infectious, only 18% recognized its potential transmission to humans; however, 82% understood prevention methods. Participants with an education level beyond high school displayed significantly higher awareness ( P < .05), emphasizing importance of the education.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study showed diverse awareness levels among poultry farmworkers regarding avian influenza, emphasizing gaps in the knowledge, particularly about its transmission to humans. This underscores the need for targeted awareness campaigns focusing on zoonotic risks to improve the level of understanding and implement effective preventive measures against avian influenza.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"674-680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140137357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Civic Service Design Methods to Redevelop a Data Communication Website With a Health Literacy Lens.","authors":"Matthew Montesano, Michael Porter, Carolyn Olson, Chris Gettings, Emily Torem, Grant Pezeshki","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001912","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Public health agencies routinely publish data in hopes that data influence public health policy and practice. However, data websites can often be difficult to use, posing barriers to people trying to access, understand, and use data. Working to make data websites easier to use can add value to public health data communication work.</p><p><strong>Program: </strong>The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) redesigned its Environment and Health Data Portal, a website used to communicate environmental health data, with the goal of making data more accessible and understandable to a broader audience. The DOHMH used Civic Service Design methods to establish priorities and strategies for the redesign work, to build a data communication website that emphasizes a high level of usability, and content that explains data.</p><p><strong>Implementation: </strong>By following a Civic Service Design process, the DOHMH synthesized findings from health communications, data visualization and communication, and web usability to create an easy-to-use website with explanations of data and findings alongside datasets. On the new site, automated dataset visualizations are supplemented with narrative content, explanatory content, and custom interactive applications designed to explain data and findings.</p><p><strong>Evaluation: </strong>Web analytics showed that, in its first year of operation, the site's web traffic grew substantially, with the last 12 weeks recording weekly page views 150% higher than the first 12 weeks of operation (7185 average weekly page views compared with 2866 average weekly page views). Two-thirds (66.3%) of page views include recorded user engagement. Additional evaluations to measure specific aspects of usability compared with the previous version of the site are planned.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>By following a Civic Service Design process, the DOHMH redesigned a vital data communication platform to increase its usability and saw significant increase in engagement in its first year of operations. By designing data material with usability in mind, public health departments have the potential to improve public health data communication work.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"753-762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Practices and Attitudes of Community Health Centers Toward the Use of Algorithmic Logic to Identify Patients with Undiagnosed Hypertension.","authors":"Noel C Barragan, Gabrielle Green, Matt Moyer, Gerardo Cruz, Sarine Pogosyan, Tony Kuo","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001927","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treating patients with uncontrolled hypertension is a powerful intervention for reducing the risk of heart attack and stroke. Leveraging health information technology to identify patients with undiagnosed hypertension using algorithmic logic can be an effective approach for reaching hypertensive patients who may otherwise be overlooked. Despite evidence that this strategy can support favorable cardiovascular health outcomes in the safety-net healthcare setting, little is known about its implementation outside of targeted practice and research environments. In 2021-2022, Community Clinic Association of Los Angeles County and the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health collaborated on a mixed methods, organizational assessment of community health centers to better understand their practices and attitudes toward the use of algorithmic logic to identify patients with undiagnosed hypertension. Results from the assessment suggest that awareness and use of this approach are limited; numerous challenges are associated with its adoption and implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":"30 ","pages":"S119-S123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Health Department Immunization Partnerships: Lessons to Carry Forward From the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Kayla Miller","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":"30 5","pages":"772-774"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}