Journal of Public Health Management and Practice最新文献

{"title":"The Association of County-Level Presidential Election Outcome and COVID-19 Mortality in Colorado, 2020-2022.","authors":"Kelly A DeBie, Margaret J Gutilla, Kayleigh P Keller, Jennifer L Peel, David Rojas-Rueda, Andreas M Neophytou","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic occurred during a time of political tension in the United States. County-level political environment may have been influential in COVID-19 outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the association between county-level political environment and age-adjusted COVID-19 mortality rates from 2020 to 2022.</p><p><strong>Design setting: </strong>Political environment was measured by the 2020 Presidential election results and compared with age-adjusted COVID-19 mortality rates by county in Colorado.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using negative binomial regression incorporating a population offset term. Models adjusted for populational differences using the demographics percentile from Colorado's EnviroScreen Environmental Justice Tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age-adjusted county mortality rates ranged from 14.3 to 446.8.0 per 100 000. 2021 COVID-19 mortality rates were nearly twice as high in counties voting for Donald Trump compared to those voting for Joseph Biden (adjusted RR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.59, 2.47). Results for 2020 and 2022 mortality models were also in the positive direction, though the confidence intervals crossed null values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results build on a growing body of evidence that political environment may have been influential for COVID-19 mortality, helping to understand the drivers of health outcomes. Implications for the public health system as we shift into the endemic period of COVID-19 include motivation for collaborative work to restore and rebuild trust among and between stakeholders and the community, as well as increase health education given its' influence on both individual and community behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Association Between Public Health Accreditation and COVID-19 Outcomes.","authors":"Mary V Davis, Nikki Rider, Ammar A Rashied, Shankar Bhat, Britt Lang","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the association between local health department (LHD) accreditation and COVID-19 community outcomes, including rates of adult vaccination, hospitalization, and death.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We examined county level rates of adult vaccination, hospitalization, and death by LHD accreditation status over the course of the COVID pandemic. Additional independent variables included time period, COVID-19 Community Vulnerability Index (CCVI), state public health governance structure, and state policy environment. We used hierarchal linear mixed modeling with random intercept for county level data to account for repeated observations and fixed effects for all other variables.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>This study examined all communities in the United States of America.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>LHDs and the communities they serve.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Rates of adult vaccination, hospitalization, and death due to COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among accredited LHDs, the adult population was more likely to be fully vaccinated when compared to unaccredited LHDs (P < .01). Additional variables in the model, which were also significant, included time period, CCVI, state policy environment, and state public health governance structure. There were no significant differences in the hospitalization rates in jurisdictions with an accredited LHD compared to jurisdictions where the LHD is not accredited. Death rates in jurisdictions with an accredited LHD were statistically significantly lower than death rates in jurisdictions where the health department was not accredited (P < .001). This relationship was significant with other key variables in the model, including time, CCVI, state policy environment, and state public health governance structure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that there is an association between LHD accreditation and community health outcomes. Furthermore, we found that other factors, such as social determinants of health, state policy environment, and state public health governance structure impact community health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caring for Patients Seeking Asylum: Early Data From the Safety Net System in New York City.","authors":"Remle Newton-Dame, Laura Jacobson, Andrew B Wallach, Erica Silverman, Benard Dreyer, Theodore Long","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Over 200 000 people seeking asylum have arrived in New York City from 2022 to 2024.</p><p><strong>Program: </strong>As the safety net hospital system for our city, New York City (NYC) Health + Hospitals (H + H) has taken the lead in caring for newly arrived asylum seekers. We used electronic medical record data to gain early insights into utilization and needs among these patients.</p><p><strong>Implementation: </strong>We developed a hybrid definition to identify patients who are asylum seekers and examined their demographics, insurance, utilization, primary billing diagnoses, and immunizations from the Epic EMR. We included data on other patients as a point of comparison and analyzed data separately for adult and pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Evaluation: </strong>In 2023, 15 233 or 1.4% of H + H patients were asylum seekers. Asylum seekers had fewer visits than other patients in 2023, and utilization was particularly driven by pregnancy and childbirth. Children seeking asylum were engaged in primary care at high rates. Documented childhood vaccinations were higher among asylum-seeking children engaged in primary care compared to those who were not. The majority of adults and children were insured. Adult primary care engagement was low, as were visits for those seeking care for behavioral health issues.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>For adult asylum seekers, pregnancy and childbirth are key needs for adults. Increasing vaccination rates among children is critical and promoting engagement in primary care is a promising way to do so. Coordinated efforts are required to meet the varied needs of migrant arrivals, and safety net hospitals can play a key role in addressing their health care needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Public Health Accreditation: Now Is the Time.","authors":"Paul Kuehnert, Kaye Bender","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPV Vaccination and Awareness Programs at Maryland Colleges and Universities.","authors":"Mehrnoosh Soori, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Brian Mattingly, Norma Kanarek","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>About half of adolescents aged 13 to 17 in United States are not fully vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV). As they age into young adulthood, colleges may be an excellent target population nexus for implementing interventions to improve HPV vaccination uptake.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our study goal was to generate knowledge about HPV vaccine offerings and awareness programs at colleges to ascertain the extent of campus-facilitated access to HPV immunization and education in 1 state.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>An electronic survey was designed and emailed to 32 of 47 Maryland colleges for which relevant campus contacts could be identified.</p><p><strong>Settings: </strong>The study took place at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in consultation with the Maryland Cancer Collaborative and the Maryland Department of Health.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Maryland colleges and universities.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>HPV vaccine and awareness program offerings on college and university campuses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty Maryland colleges responded. Two colleges offer awareness programs only. Ten colleges offer HPV vaccine, covering about 39% of Maryland college students. Of these, 4 colleges schedule \"periodic\" campus health clinics or provide an immunization prescription, which is filled at nearby pharmacies. In all colleges, which offer HPV vaccine, immunization is offered to everyone (both men and women) at no out-of-pocket cost.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In cooperation with the Maryland Cancer Collaborative, the implementation arm for the Maryland Cancer Control Plan, we showed that college campuses are an excellent target site for implementation of interventions to improve access of college age students to HPV vaccine and awareness programs. We lay the groundwork for recommendations, programs and policies that can improve HPV vaccine offerings among college students thus raising the HPV vaccination rate in young adults. Simple inexpensive alternatives to offering vaccine at college health centers may be periodic campus health clinics and arrangements with nearby pharmacies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association and Variation Between the COVID-19 Pandemic and Health Care Quality in the Medicare Shared Savings Program: Insights From a Seven-Year Natural Experiment.","authors":"Xiyuan Hu, Mariétou H Ouayogodé","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Potential changes in health care quality resulting from variation in pandemic severity since 2020 have received less attention. This study aims to assess the relationship between the pandemic and health care quality in Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) accountable care organizations and identify possible heterogeneity in the relationship. The year-by-year difference-in-difference event study of MSSPs between 2016 and 2022 (N = 3390) indicated that 1 standard deviation increase in standardized cumulative COVID-19 incidence in 2020 was associated with a decrease in total quality score of 0.83 percentage points (95% CI: -0.21 to 1.44) after controlling for confounders. The reduction in quality score was mostly driven by ACOs with the highest COVID-19 incidence and in the Midwest. We found no evidence for a persisting decline in quality scores in 2021 to 2022. Public health efforts may need to carefully monitor quality performance and mitigate negative effects during future health crises. Continued investment in strengthening health care resilience remains crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and Supports for Implementing Health Equity During National Accreditation Among Small Local Health Departments in the United States.","authors":"Andrew N Crenshaw, Peg Allen, Matthew Fifolt, Britt Lang, Amy Belflower Thomas, Paul C Erwin, Ross C Brownson","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article focuses on supports and challenges to health equity that small local health departments (LHDs) experienced while working toward national reaccreditation or Pathways Recognition with the Public Health Accreditation Board's Standards & Measures Version 2022 (PHAB S&M v2022).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The study team conducted 22 qualitative interview sessions with members of health department leadership teams.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>In the spring of 2024, participants from 4 small LHDs in the western and midwestern regions of the United States participated in individual remote interview sessions.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Participants were members of leadership teams in LHDs with population jurisdictions less than 50 000.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Common challenges relating to the health equity measures in the PHAB S&M v2022 included external influences on equity language; lack of small population data; and racially and ethnically homogeneous populations and staff. The main support was the national equity standards provided justification for pursuing equity work.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Strategies to overcome challenges associated with the equity measures included staff training, seeking alternative equity language, and examining socioeconomic inequities in addition to race and ethnicity. Internal workforce understanding of health equity was improved through department-wide training initiatives. When working under restrictive language requirements for state agencies, grants, and other funding sources, staff suggested using alternative phrases and keywords such as level playing field and equal access. When addressing racially and ethnically homogenous populations, staff pursued equity in terms of income and focused on those living with pre-existing conditions (ie, diabetes).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ensuring that LHDs can work toward health equity is crucial for reducing health inequities. While the equity focus of PHAB S&M v2022 proved challenging, for this selection of LHDs, participants affirmed that PHAB accreditation allowed them to solidify their equity work to better serve their communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building the Foundation for a High-Performing Public Health System.","authors":"Erika G Martin","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Behaviors Following Digital COVID-19 Exposure Notifications, Washington State, September 1, 2021, to March 1, 2022.","authors":"Nicole L Briggs, Brandon L Guthrie, Adam S Elder, Debra Revere, Andrea R Molino, Laura M West, Amanda Higgins, Bryant T Karras, Janet G Baseman","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Digital exposure notification (EN) systems were widely used to supplement public health case investigations and contact tracing during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In Washington State, the state Department of Health (DOH) implemented one such system, WA Notify, which generated ENs based on smartphone Bluetooth proximity detection. However, the privacy preserving measures of this technology prevented collection of information on how users responded after seeing an EN on their device.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To understand the influence of ENs on intended and implemented protective behaviors among WA Notify users.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Two self-report surveys were administered by the WA DOH: a baseline survey regarding planned protective behaviors, available immediately after seeing an EN, and a follow-up survey distributed 2 weeks later regarding actual protective behaviors implemented. Self-reported planned and implemented protective behaviors were compared across 3 time periods relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic. Poisson regression was used to compare the probability of engaging in various protective behaviors across demographic characteristics and other contextual factors.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Washington State.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 4280 individuals who chose to respond to both surveys and who completed the initial survey between September 1, 2021, and March 1, 2022.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Self-reported plans for and engagement in protective behaviors (quarantining, testing, and symptom watching).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of individuals who reported implementing quarantining and symptom watching after seeing an EN was higher than the proportion that reported planning to engage in each respective behavior. Respondents who reported experiencing symptoms when seeing an EN were more likely to quarantine and test for COVID-19 compared to those with no symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plans to engage in protective behaviors after initially seeing an EN can change and may be influenced by evolving personal and contextual factors. Future digital EN systems can be improved through messaging tailored to encourage protective behaviors relevant to disease prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Public Health Interventions: A Novel Surveillance System for Hazardous Consumer Products.","authors":"Yoon-Sung Nam, Kolapo Alex-Oni, Maia Fitzstevens, Kari Patel, Paromita Hore","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lead poisoning remains a significant public health concern with preventable exposure from different sources, including certain traditional consumer products. To address the concern of product-related lead exposures, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene has developed the Non-Paint Sample Database (NPSD). NPSD systematically tracks information about hazardous consumer products collected during New York City case investigations and store surveys. NPSD has enabled identification of new products-related lead sources and populations at risk of lead exposure and has guided risk communication, regulatory activities, and policy initiatives. Since 2007, approximately 8000 consumer products have been tracked by NPSD. NPSD demonstrates the potential for consumer product surveillance to enable source identification, monitor lead exposure trends, and facilitate effective educational and enforcement activities, which advances lead exposure prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}