Journal of Public Health Management and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Content Analysis of Social Determinants of Health Accelerator Plans Using Artificial Intelligence: A Use Case for Public Health Practitioners.","authors":"Kelli DePriest, John Feher Iii, Kailen Gore, LaShawn Glasgow, Clint Grant, Peter Holtgrave, Karen Hacker, Robert Chew","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002148","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Public health practice involves the development of reports and plans, including funding progress reports, strategic plans, and community needs assessments. These documents are valuable data sources for program monitoring and evaluation. However, practitioners rarely have the bandwidth to thoroughly and rapidly review large amounts of primarily qualitative data to support real-time and continuous program improvement. Systematically examining and categorizing qualitative data through content analysis is labor-intensive. Large language models (LLMs), a type of generative artificial intelligence (AI) focused on language-based tasks, hold promise for expediting content analysis of public health documents, which, in turn, could facilitate continuous program improvement.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore the feasibility and potential of using LLMs to expedite content analysis of real-world public health documents. The focus was on comparing semiautomated outputs from GPT-4o with human outputs for abstracting and synthesizing information from health improvement plans.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Our study team conducted a content analysis of 4 publicly available community health improvement plans and compared the results with GPT-4o's performance on 20 data elements. We also assessed the resources required for both methods, including time spent on prompt engineering and error correction.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Accuracy of data abstraction and time required.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GPT-4o demonstrated abstraction accuracy of 79% (n = 17 errors) compared to 94% accuracy by the study team for individual plans, with 8 instances of falsified data. Out of the 18 synthesis data elements, GPT-4o made 9 errors, demonstrating an accuracy of 50%. On average, GPT-4o abstraction required fewer hours than study team abstraction, but resource savings diminished when accounting for time for developing prompts and identifying/correcting errors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Public health professionals who explore the use of generative AI tools should approach the method with cautious curiosity and consider the potential tradeoffs between resource savings and data accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"527-536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Workforce Development and Evidence-Based Practice in US Territories: An Evaluation of the Public Health Disaster Research Award Program.","authors":"Meghan Mordy, Rachel M Adams, Lori Peek, Jennifer Tobin, Tracy N Thomas, Robin Soler","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002156","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Many people living in the 5 inhabited US territories experience high rates of natural hazard exposure and social vulnerability to disaster impacts. Public health workforce development and evidence-based, culturally competent approaches to disaster preparedness, response, and recovery are needed in these regions.</p><p><strong>Program: </strong>In 2020, the Natural Hazards Center established the Public Health Disaster Research Award Program with funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The program's goal is to advance public health disaster research and practice by funding, training, mentoring, and connecting researchers, students, and practitioners in historically underserved areas with high natural hazard risk. Between 2020 and 2022, 26 research teams received up to $50 000 each to investigate public health disasters in 1 or more US territories. The program also supported awardees by providing individual consultations, online trainings, feedback on report drafts, and a virtual group workshop on the public health implications of research. Awardees authored final reports and presented at a public webinar.</p><p><strong>Evaluation: </strong>In 2023, the Natural Hazards Center developed and distributed an online survey to all principal investigators. The survey evaluated how awardees advanced knowledge about public health disasters in the US territories; what skills, resources, and connections they acquired; and how they translated their research into public health applications and otherwise disseminated their findings.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our evaluation showed that the program is advancing knowledge of understudied hazard contexts and socially vulnerable populations in the US territories and supports awardees in sharing their findings with academics, policymakers, and practitioners. Moreover, it expanded the public health disaster workforce by bringing professionals from a diverse range of disciplines and institutions into the field, and by investing in students, early career scholars, and investigators based in US territories. Researchers are working with local partners to apply their findings to practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"600-609"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telephonic Visits Program to Link Justice-Involved Individuals Diagnosed With HIV in Jail to Community HIV Care.","authors":"Harit Agroia, Kristin Walsh, Iliam Lopez, Rene Padilla","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002118","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Correctional facilities serve as a key location to identify and treat those with HIV given high rates of HIV seen in justice-involved individuals; however, substantial barriers exist to accessing HIV care in the community upon release. In response to restricted in-person activities due to COVID-19, the County of Santa Clara (SCC) Jail launched a telephonic visits program in January 2021 to link justice-involved individuals diagnosed with HIV to community HIV care following release. Telephonic visits were conducted by social workers from SCC Public Health Department; these visits entailed conducting an HIV needs assessment, providing education, and offering support services. Following release, individuals were contacted by phone to assist with scheduling appointments, refilling medications, and transportation to clinic appointments. Telephonic visits offered a new opportunity to support HIV linkage to care; connecting with individuals prior to release from jail may mitigate barriers in receiving ongoing HIV care in the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"641-645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating Parcel-Based Housing Conditions to Increase the Precision of Identifying Children With Elevated Blood Lead.","authors":"Erika Rasnick Manning, Qing Duan, Cole Brokamp","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002109","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Area-level predictive models are commonly used to screen children for blood lead levels (BLLs) greater than the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) blood lead reference value (BLRV) of 3.5 µg/dL.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To increase screening accuracy and precision by creating a parcel-level model incorporating housing characteristics to predict parcels where children are at high risk.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Residential addresses associated with child blood lead tests were linked to neighborhood- and parcel-level characteristics and proximity to lead sources. Regression forests were fit using different predictor combinations and compared using cross-validated accuracy and decile-based agreement across all residential parcels.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Hamilton County, Ohio, United States.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Children less than 6 years of age with blood lead tests between January 2020 and April 2023.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Cross-validated model accuracy and decile-based agreement across residential parcels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>27,782 tests were matched to a residential parcel. Regression forests using Parcel + Source (70.8% AUC) and Neighborhood + Parcel + Source predictors (70.3% AUC) had the highest cross-validated accuracy for predicting BLLs >3.5 µg/dL. Parcel-level predictions revealed heterogeneity of risk across parcels within the same tract.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Parcel characteristics improved the accuracy of predicting locations of children with BLLs >3.5 µg/dL and can help identify children at high risk living in low-risk areas. A parcel-level identification of housing-based lead hazards could guide and support action to prevent pediatric lead exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"621-630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Senility-Related Mortality in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Sabrina Soin, Rama Mouhaffel, Hoang Nhat Pham, Enkhtsogt Sainbayar, Mahmoud Abdelnabi, Ramzi Ibrahim","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002122","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Senility has been shown to negatively impact health outcomes. While national stressors have altered death trajectories for numerous diseases, little is known about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on senility-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on senility-related mortality in the United States.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This is a retrospective analysis of US decedents with documented senility-related death using the CDC WONDER database. We estimated annual trends in senility-related age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) from 1999 to 2020 using log-linear regression models. Calculation of excess deaths attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic was completed by comparison of actual 2020 mortality rates and estimated 2020 mortality using average annual percentage changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 510 819 senility-related deaths were identified. AAMR declined by 9.76%, from 7.48 in 1999 to 6.75 deaths per 100 000 in 2020. Year 2020 showed a marked increase in mortality, with 1.13 excess deaths per 100 000 population attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to an additional burden of mortality across both sexes, resulting in an estimated 1.18 and 0.99 per 100 000 excess deaths among females and males, respectively. The excess death rates per 100 000 for Black, White, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native populations were 1.84, 1.05, 0.99, and 1.16, respectively. The impact on US census regions was reflected in excess death rates, with the Northeastern, Midwestern, Southern, and Western regions seeing 1.27, 1.27, 1.39, and 0.31 excess deaths per 100 000, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that the pandemic had an association with excess senility-related mortality. Further investigation is warranted to identify factors that impact senility-related outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"E222-E225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a New Framework to Address Public Health Ethical Considerations in Wastewater Surveillance.","authors":"Rachel West, Jazmyn Moore, Kata Chillag, Elizabeth Fenton, Erin Laird, Alyssa Boyea","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":"31 4","pages":"683-685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening Local Health Departments: The Impact of Certification in Infection Control.","authors":"Jaclyn Abramson, Daniel Pagán","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002171","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":"31 4","pages":"677-680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Communities of Practice to Support Translation of Knowledge Into Action Among State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Agencies: Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Alyssa Bosold, Rachel Machta, Jackie Brenner, Deborah S Porterfield","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002114","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, communities of practice (CoPs) supported state, Tribal, local, and territorial (STLT) public health agencies. No studies have examined the collective role of these CoPs in helping STLT public health agencies translate guidance into practice.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This qualitative study examines the types of CoPs that supported STLT public health agencies during the COVID-19 response, how CoPs assisted in translating guidance into practice, and the characteristics of CoPs that made them valuable to STLT public health members. We report lessons for future public health emergencies (PHEs) for STLT public health agencies and membership organizations that represent them.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We conducted 21 in-depth interviews with CoP leaders, STLT public health participants, and federal agency sponsors and collaborators.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>We interviewed 9 CoP leads, 6 STLT participants, and 6 federal agency representatives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three types of CoPs, each with unique advantages, supported STLT public health agencies during the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) CoPs led by federal agencies, (2) CoPs led by membership organizations or associations that represent STLT public health agencies, and (3) CoPs led by other nonfederal organizations, such as philanthropic organizations and academic institutions. The most valuable CoPs to STLT public health agencies had a clear focus on issues of significance to their members, strong connections between members, and a structure tailored to the group's goals. STLT public health agencies valued CoP support with implementing guidance-based policies and practices and facilitating bidirectional communication with federal agencies. STLT public health agencies also benefitted from tailored and implementation-focused resources developed through CoPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study affirms the importance of CoPs in facilitating collaboration and information-sharing among multiple actors during PHEs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, CoPs helped STLT public health agencies implement guidance, tailor approaches to specific contexts, and generate practice-based discoveries to advance the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"631-640"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salary and Job Requirement Differences for Jobs in Local and State Health Departments Versus the Private Sector: Analysis of Large-Scale Job Postings Data.","authors":"Heather Krasna, Isabella Patino, Sezen Ozcan Onal, Malvika Venkataraman","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002129","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>While some research shows that health departments pay comparably low wages for many jobs, federal data on salaries for employees of local and state health departments are limited. Job postings provide an alternative, real-time method to assess job requirements and salaries. Our goal was to utilize data from job postings to determine if there were significant differences in salary, education, or experience requirements when comparing jobs in local or state government health departments with the same types of jobs posted in other sectors.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We used Lightcast, a large-scale and comprehensive database of job postings, to gather real-time data on salary, education, and experience requirements for 44 public health occupations, contrasting those in state and local health departments (SLHDs) with those in all other sectors. We used interval regression analysis to assess salary differences and contrasted minimum education and experience levels using a partial proportional odds model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 284 job postings were collected for the government, and 12 609 441 in the private sector. Twenty-seven occupations paid significantly less in SLHDs, and 6 paid significantly more. For 37 occupations, SLHDs were less likely to require at least a Master's degree than the private sector. Certain SLHD positions require less education and/or experience, while also paying less.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Many, though not all, roles in the SLHD workforce are comparatively underpaid, and job requirements are often lower, potentially creating recruitment and retention challenges and producing a workforce that may be less prepared for public health crises. SLHDs can use data from job postings to benchmark their salaries and advocate for more competitive wages, especially for \"hard-to-fill\" positions, and can also better advertise their benefits to attract candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"E244-E257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disseminating for Equity and Justice: Findings From the LIGHT Global Crowdsourcing Open Contest to Reimagine Public Health.","authors":"Alexis Engelhart, Ucheoma Catherine Nwaozuru, Bryce P Takenaka, Christian Herrera, Tochukwu Patrick, Ebenezer Adeoti, Onyekachukwu Anikamadu, Chidi Okafor, Chisom Obiezu-Umeh, Ekenechukwu Kokelu, Carmen Dillman, Morenike Olusanya, Bianca Kipp, Patrick Murphy, Sheryl Monks, Madison Petaway, Kokeb Ansarizadeh, Stacey Mason, Mary Claire Pavlick, Nnenna Kalu Makanjuola, Temitope Ojo, Idia Thurston, Juliet Iwelunmor","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002146","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe how crowdsourcing contests soliciting art, letters, stories, and poetry were focused on promoting well-being and health information dissemination from the public to the public.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>LIGHT (Leaders Igniting Generational Healing and Transformation) launched three online crowdsourcing open calls that were designed using the World Health Organization Tropical Diseases Research (WHO/TDR) practical guide on crowdsourcing in health and health research, which includes the following steps: convening a steering committee, promoting the open call, receiving and judging entries, recognizing finalists, and sharing solutions.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The crowdsourcing open calls were held online via the Submittable platform.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 508 submissions by the public were evaluated with the majority of authors and artists identified as female (25.4%) followed by male (15.4%) and ages ranging from 11 to 82 years old.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>This study utilized crowdsourcing open call contests to engage the public in generating art, letters, stories, and poetry as strategies to effectively promote well-being and disseminate health information to the public.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measured: </strong>Effectiveness and creativity of the crowdsourced submissions in proposing new strategies for promoting well-being and disseminating health information through art, letters, stories, and poetry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The three crowdsourcing open calls received 508 eligible entries (Open call 1 = 155; Open call 2 = 191; Open call 3 = 162). Informed by the combined and modified design justice principles creativity, connections, and community, six unique dissemination strategies emerged for dissemination: (a) positive intersectionality, (b) destigmatization, (c) strength-based, (d) collective approach, (e) cultural identity, and (f) unity in healing. Collectively, there was consensus to innovate dissemination strategies to enhance the appeal of research findings and health communication.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rebuilding and building public-driven dissemination strategies will involve reimagining and innovating current dissemination approaches. LIGHT shows the feasibility of engaging a diverse broad audience to generate ideas and perspectives on promoting health information dissemination to the public.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"537-547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}