Journal of Public Health Management and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Navigating the Student to Employee Lifecycle to Enhance Recruitment and Retention in Local Health Departments.","authors":"Chelsey Kirkland, Roshani Dahal, Anthony Coetzer-Liversage, Nicole M Weiss, Mounika Polamreddy, Timothy C McCall, Ashley Edmiston, Jonathon P Leider","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To better understand local health departments' (LHDs) recruitment and retention needs and practices within the employee lifecycle.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This research used descriptive qualitative methods, with semistructured interviews and focus groups, with 69 participants from 35 LHDs and 23 schools. Transcripts were analyzed using deductive and inductive coding with descriptive coding and thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Focus groups with students, career counselors, and new LHD employees and interviews with LHD representatives.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Students, career counselors, and new LHD employees.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Outcomes of interest included salient themes within the employee lifecycle stages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five overarching themes were developed: (1) public health definition discordance; (2) supports needed for student internships and LHD career pathways; (3) the need to leverage partnerships and student career aspirations in LHD recruitment; (4) the need for effective LHD onboarding process; and (5) strategies for addressing retention challenges.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within the LHD employee lifecycle, connection points between student perceptions, student internships, LHD recruitment, LHD onboarding, and LHD retention are currently faltering and, if fixed, may strengthen public health recruitment and retention amongst students.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mixed-methods Study to Identify Behaviors of High-performing Contact Tracers.","authors":"Jack Tsai, Abigail Grace, Parker Johnson","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Contact tracing is vital to disease surveillance and has been a major public health activity during disease outbreaks. This study focused on identifying optimal contact tracing practices and behaviors that differentiate high- and average-performing contact tracers (CTs) for infectious disease.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A mixed-methods study was conducted using program administrative data, qualitative interviews, and ratings of audio-recorded calls with CTs in a city-wide COVID-19 contact tracing operation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Optimal contact tracing practices were identified through qualitative interviews. Audiorecorded ratings of high- and average-performing CTs were blinded rated by researchers on key behaviors.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Contact tracers for COVID-19 in San Antonio, Texas. Participants: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 8 CTs. Thirty-one CTs, including 7 high- and 24 average-performing CTs, were blindly rated on live contact tracing calls on frequency of key behaviors.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Optimal contact tracing practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Qualitative analysis identified several key themes of optimal contact tracing, including Empathy over Efficiency, Need for Regular Monitoring and Supervision, and Importance of Adaptability. Quantitative analysis revealed high-performing CTs were found to use moderately more statements of empathy and assurances of confidentiality than average-performing CTs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Optimal contact tracing activities rely on CTs balancing different dimensions of behavior that include rapport building, efficiency, comprehensive data collection, and adaptability in interactions. These indicators may be useful to monitor and measure regularly to ensure CTs effectively engage members of the public in disease containment activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertension Prevalence and Determinants in Urban Coastal Communities in Ghana.","authors":"Vincent Boima, Alfred Doku, Charles Hayfron-Benjamin, Kwatetso Honny, David Danso Mainoo, Bert-Jan H van den Born, Charles Agyemang","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The frequency of hypertension in Ghana has risen dramatically in recent decades. Inadequate diagnosis and inappropriate care of diagnosed cases has led to increased mortality and morbidity from poor blood pressure control and associated consequences, especially in areas with low socioeconomic status. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its determinants in underserved coastal communities in Ghana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This screening survey is part of a quasi-experimental initiative in 8 coastal towns to detect hypertension patients and connect them to local care. The initial survey examined 10 000 consenting individuals aged 18 years and older in these localities. Poisson regression model was used to determine the associations of socioeconomic factors with hypertension occurrence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of the study participants was 38 years, majority being women (65.3%). The overall age-standardized hypertension rate was 26.0% (95% CI: 25.1-26.9), with significant variability across subdistricts and communities ranging from 22.0% (95% CI: 20.1-23.8) in Ga South to 32.7% (95% CI: 30.2-35.2) in Krowor. The prevalence of hypertension decreased with increasing levels of monthly income with those earning GHC 1501-2000 having the lowest adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR, 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49-0.84). Besides age, female sex (aPR, 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08-1.28), being married (aPR, 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05-1.35), and alcohol consumption (aPR, 1.23; 95% CI: 1.13-1.35), were significantly associated with increased prevalence of hypertension.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The coastal communities in Ghana are highly affected by hypertension with a remarkably high prevalence in women. Tailored public health strategies such as education on lifestyle modification, creation of recreational areas, use of telemedicine and mobile applications for monitoring, and follow-up may help to decrease the risk of hypertension and its complications in these communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the National HIV Surveillance System: 2018-2023.","authors":"K L Hess, K A Bosh, M C B Ocfemia, M Chen, A B Balaji, A H Peruski, A L Hernandez","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002214","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the United States' National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS), 2018-2023.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Surveillance performance outcome standards were calculated by health departments using a SAS program provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and were reported to CDC through an annual report.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Submitted data from 59 health departments including the 50 US states, the District of Columbia, 6 separately funded cities (Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles County, New York City, Philadelphia, and San Francisco), and 2 territories (Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Cases of HIV reported to the health departments based on data reported through the end of each year, 2018-2023.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Outcome standards included measures for case ascertainment, duplicate review, risk factor information, data quality, laboratory reporting, antiretroviral use history information, cause of death, previous negative test result, geocoding, and data dissemination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Achievement varied by standard with almost all health departments (HDs) meeting certain standards every year and fewer than 10 HDs achieving other standards.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During the period of assessment, results showed steady and improved performance in several measures. Standards related to recent enhancements in the surveillance system were not as resilient and showed potential for improvement. Continued monitoring is necessary to ensure further strengthening of NHSS.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Series of Reports to US Port Health Stations of Travelers With Suspected or Confirmed Cholera, 2005-2024.","authors":"Taylor H Nguyen, Karla Bagley, Erin Rothney, Francisco Alvarado-Ramy, Clive Brown, Sundari Mase, Christine C Lee, Alida M Gertz","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From 2005 to 2024, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's port health stations (PHSs) received 37 reports of travelers with suspected or confirmed cholera. Most reports (29/37, 78%) occurred before 2012, with the majority linked to the 2010 Haiti outbreak. The median age of travelers was 34 years (interquartile range: 21-59 years), and nearly all (35/37, 95%) arrived by air. Seventeen (46%) cases were laboratory-confirmed as toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1, serotype Ogawa; 16 (94%) patients with confirmed cholera were hospitalized. No deaths were reported. Following the publication in 2011 of notification criteria for communicable diseases in travelers, health department notifications to PHSs of cholera cases declined. Continued coordination with public health partners is important to ensure timely evaluation and follow-up of travelers with suspected cholera. Clinicians should obtain travel histories and consider cholera in recent travelers with severe watery diarrhea who have been in outbreak or endemic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should Leading Causes Be Leading Solutions? Integrating Chronic Disease Surveillance into Data Modernization Efforts.","authors":"Katherine H Hohman, Emily W Lankau, Sandra Melstad, Julie Dudley, Mia N Israel, Amanda R Smith, Amy D Sullivan, Jeanne Alongi","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Chronic diseases are leading causes of death and disability in the United States and have disproportionate impacts in our communities due to demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic factors that affect health outcomes. Limitations in timeliness, representativeness, and granularity of chronic disease data hinder efforts to understand trends, factors contributing to differences in health outcomes, and community needs.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In this paper, we explore strengths and gaps in chronic disease surveillance capacity in the United States. Then we consider similarities and differences between chronic and infectious disease surveillance needs and approaches. Finally, we make the case for working towards a more comprehensive and integrated approach to data modernization that prioritizes the leading causes of death, disability, and differences in health outcomes in our communities, regardless of etiology, to build a public health surveillance ecosystem that can provide the timely, representative, and local data required to develop responsive and effective health policies and community-based interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Typology to Describe Community Context and Population Health Activities in Local Public Health Delivery Systems.","authors":"Lois Dankwa, Darrell J Gaskin, Keshia M Pollack Porter, Kelly M Bower, Jill A Marsteller","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a typology of approaches to population health activities that local health departments (LHDs) and their partners take to address community health needs, and identify associated contextual factors.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Using latent class analysis, we categorized how jurisdictions prioritize and perform 10 population health activities. With a latent class regression model (multinomial logistic regression), we examined the effect of county-level community characteristics on LHD class membership. Models include primary care provider ratio, income inequality ratio, social membership association ratio, percent non-Hispanic Black, and percent non-English speakers.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Local public health delivery systems across the US.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>600 LHDs.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>LHD population health approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Information statistics revealed a 3-class model as most appropriate for the population health approach typology-Underutilized Network (Class 1), Community Need and Implementation-Focused (Class 2), and Health Disparities, Implementation, and Evaluation-Focused (Class 3). Roughly 41% of delivery systems fell into Class 1, 39% into Class 2, and 20% into Class 3. Class 1 health departments self-reported no/poor performance on the 10 population health activities. Class 2 health departments reported variable performance (0.30 < P(x) < 0.70). Class 3 health departments reported good/excellent performance for most activities (0.30 < P(x) < 0.75). Regression results showed the probability of a delivery system being in Class 1 was higher among counties with a larger number of social membership associations (P < .05). The probability of a Class 3 approach increased as the percent of non-Hispanic Black people in the community increases (P < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>20% of local public health delivery systems achieve the highest level of response to community-specific health priorities. Many jurisdictions do not perform well on population health activities that can reduce health disparities overall. Those with a network of support, but without established plans and processes tailored to community-specific health needs, struggle to prioritize and perform population health activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HealthyLink-Integrating Food Is Medicine (FIM) Into Inpatient Discharge Process.","authors":"Jing Li, Derek Hashimoto, Allison Primo, Doneisha Bohannon, Angela Schubert, Angie Soltysiak, Rob Hackleman, Kelli Zenner, Elaine Hardin","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hospitalized food-insecure patients face a critical 72-hour gap in food support post-discharge, impacting recovery. HealthyLink aimed to design and pilot-test a contextually attuned model for patients in need.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The HealthyLink model leveraged the infrastructure of a research-health care system-regional grocery partnership. The project has 3 phases: co-design, implementation, and evaluation. During co-design, participatory processes assessed the needs of patients, community partners, and frontline workers. The pilot, guided by the Plan-Do-Study-Act method, tested iterative changes. Post-delivery surveys gathered feedback, and evaluation compared cost-related medication underuse, self-reported health, and program satisfaction. Intervention costs were tracked.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A strategic partnership among Washington University, BJC HealthCare, and Schnucks (grocery chain) was fostered. HealthyLink was integrated into the hospital social worker referral platform, streamlining patient identification, enrollment, and food delivery. A heart-healthy list was curated with fresh, frozen, and shelf-stable nutrient-dense foods. Home delivery was chosen to overcome infrastructure constraints and transportation issues. Implementation lasted for 6 months with 90 patients/families receiving food delivery. Fifty-nine patients responded to the post-delivery survey, with satisfaction ratings ranging from 86.4% to 98.3%, and healing assistance ratings ranging from 88.1% to 98.3%. The self-reported physical and mental health improved, with fewer individuals reporting fair or poor health (69.5%-42.2%, 47.5%-25.4%). The average food cost per delivery was $108. The combined service fee, delivery fee, and tip amounted to $17.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporating co-design principles into the Food is Medicine program helps identify barriers and obstacles that may not be immediately apparent. While delivery offers a valuable solution for reaching hard-to-access populations, associated costs must be considered to ensure scalability and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Medical Training of Local Health Department Executives Improve COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake and Case Growth?","authors":"Xiaolong Hou, Yang Jiao, Zhuo Adam Chen, Xiangming Fang, M Mahmud Khan","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine whether medical training among local health department (LHD) executives influenced COVID-19 vaccination uptake and case growth rates in US counties.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study using county-level data from January 2020 to June 2022.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>US counties with available data on LHD leadership, vaccination uptake, and COVID-19 case growth.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Counties led by medically trained (MD or nursing degree), public health-trained only, or non-medically trained LHD executives. The final sample includes 1466 counties, excluding Alaska, Hawaii, Texas, and Virginia due to data limitations.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>COVID-19 vaccination uptake and case growth rates, adjusted for demographic, political, and health system factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Counties led by medically trained LHD executives had a 2.5 percentage points higher vaccination uptake on average following the April 19, 2021, vaccine eligibility expansion (all P values < .01) and experienced significantly lower COVID-19 case growth rates following statewide mask mandates in 2020. Additionally, counties led by minority executives reported significantly higher vaccination uptake compared with those led by non-Hispanic White executives.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Medical training among LHD executives was positively associated with higher vaccination uptake and slower case growth, highlighting the critical role of leadership expertise in shaping public health responses. These findings suggest that incorporating medical expertise into public health leadership could enhance pandemic preparedness and response.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Safe Routes to School and Transportation Policy Impact Child and Adolescent Health? A State-Level Policy Analysis.","authors":"Melissa Bopp, Keegan T Peterson, Caellum Crescent, Mia Simoncek","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Policies that encourage supportive environments for walking and bicycling have been noted to be effective; however, the impact on health is not well documented. This study examined the relationship between state-level policies and markers of children and adolescent health and health-related behaviors. This policy review gathered information from sources on state-level active travel policies, funding, school activity policies from the 2024 Safe Routes to School State Report Cards (summary score), and child health outcomes by state. Overall scores were significantly associated with several physical activity variables, rate of children and adolescents with overweight/obesity, child chronic health conditions, poverty rates, and neighborhood access to activity resources, most in the hypothesized direction. Differences between the top and bottom scoring states were noted for several activity variables, health, and environmental variables. These findings provide a rationale for legislators to consider laws and policies within their own states to combat poor youth health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}