Journal of Public Health Management and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Commending Public Health in a Time of Uncertainty.","authors":"Mark A Strand, Juliana Antwi, Valentina Asiedu","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002220","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From National Policy to Local Practice: A County Health Department's Experience With Race and Ethnicity Data Collection Using Revised Federal Standards.","authors":"Farah Kader, Charis Davidson, Marc Campo","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>This report shares findings from a race and ethnicity questionnaire that aligns with recent updates to federal reporting standards under the US Office of Management and Budget's Statistical Policy Directive Number 15 (SPD 15). The questionnaire was included in a broader health survey and given to attendees of a community-engaged, health department-led COVID-19 health education and health literacy programs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this report to examine survey attributes and attendee characteristics that are associated with disaggregated race and ethnicity response, a new reporting requirement under the revised SPD 15.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The race and ethnicity questionnaire consolidated race and ethnicity questions, added a Middle Eastern or North African category and included disaggregated race and ethnicity response options based on ancestries commonly reported among the local population in the American Community Survey.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The program was implemented between March 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023, in community settings in the New York City metropolitan area and online via videoconferencing systems.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Voluntary pre-surveys in English and Spanish were offered to attendees of virtual and in-person health information sessions.</p><p><strong>Outcome measures: </strong>The primary outcome of interest was disaggregated race and ethnicity response rates by primary race and ethnicity, age, education, gender, and language.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We collected 984 paper surveys and 335 online surveys in English and Spanish. Black or African American respondents were least likely to specify a more granular racial or ethnic identity when given the choice. Younger adults and Spanish speakers were more likely to select from the disaggregated race and ethnicity response options, although the extent of the differences appeared to differ between paper and online surveys.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings highlight the importance of inclusive survey designs for more precise health data and inform data instrument designs that are SPD 15-compliant and conducted in communities experiencing medical and government mistrust.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining the Role of an Epidemiologist: 2023 Revisions to the Applied Epidemiology Competencies (AECs).","authors":"Sarah Auer, Jessica Arrazola","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The Applied Epidemiology Competencies (AECs) were first created in 2008 and have not been updated since to reflect the skills and advancements of the current epidemiology workforce.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Starting in 2022, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) revised the AECs to redefine the role and responsibilities of applied epidemiologists in state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The AECs were revised through a comprehensive literature review, input from a 17-member expert panel, and virtual town halls with applied epidemiologists in the field.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>CSTE grouped the data gathered from town halls, an online assessment, and the expert panel using grounded theory to make recommendations for revisions based on common themes. The revisions were reviewed again by the expert panel prior to finalization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The revised set includes integration of health equity throughout all domains, a revised tier structure, and alignment with the Core Competencies for Public Health Professionals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These materials serve as instrumental tools for creating job descriptions, career portfolios, training plans, and other professional development tools to grow and enhance the applied epidemiology workforce.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considering PH WINS Findings Within the Context of the Overall US Labor Market.","authors":"Kaitlin Prakken, Paulani Mui, Beth A Resnick","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002227","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Overdose Risk in Real Time: A Risk Terrain Modeling Analysis of 911 Calls in Detroit, 2022-2024.","authors":"Kim M Lersch, Timothy C Hart","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Drug overdose deaths in the United States remain a leading cause of preventable mortality. Existing data systems, such as vital statistics and hospital records, often suffer from reporting delays and limited geographic resolution, hindering timely public health responses.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify high-risk locations for overdose-related emergency calls in Detroit, Michigan, using Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) and publicly available 911 call data from 2022 to 2024.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A retrospective geospatial analysis using RTM was conducted to evaluate the spatial relationship between overdose incidents and built environment features.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>City of Detroit, Michigan, USA.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Emergency call data for overdose-related incidents (N = 18 034) were analyzed. No individual-level data were used.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>No intervention was implemented. The study employed RTM as a geospatial method to identify environmental risk factors and predict high-risk locations for overdose events.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Relative Risk Scores (RRS) generated from RTM to quantify overdose risk across 250 × 250 m grid cells in Detroit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overdose-related emergency calls were spatially concentrated. RTM identified 8 significant risk factors, including ATMs, retail locations, and religious organizations. Relative Risk Scores ranged from 1 to 142.5 (mean = 9.77, SD = 8.55), with 2.7% of locations classified as very high risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RTM applied to 911 call data offers a timely, place-based approach to identifying overdose risk. Public health agencies may use this method to prioritize harm reduction strategies and allocate resources more effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming Challenges to Voluntary COVID-19 Testing and Screening in Alabama K-12 Schools.","authors":"Matthew Fifolt, Molly B Richardson, Anne E Brisendine, Angela M Sullivan, Julie Preskitt, Lisa C McCormick, Shalitha Bailey, Martha S Wingate","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the US government funded voluntary school-based testing to support safe, in-person learning. In Alabama, this effort led to over 925 000 tests across 814 schools. This Practice Brief Report outlines implementation challenges and adaptive strategies used by the Alabama COVID-19 Testing and Prevention program, led by School of Public Health faculty and staff at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health. Key informant interviews revealed 4 main challenges: lack of buy-in, limited capacity, unclear program scope, and short lead time. The team responded by building relationships, offering incentives, engaging School Liaisons, hiring adaptable staff, and ensuring strong leadership. These efforts built trust, increased participation, and reduced staff burden. Findings highlight the importance of local engagement, flexibility, and trust-building in public health work. Lessons learned offer guidance for future school-public health partnerships, especially in politically conservative and resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges With Access to School Vaccination Surveillance Data to Evaluate the Impact of State-level School Vaccination Exemptions.","authors":"Katrina K Le, Nicole M Butera","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding school vaccination rates is critical to controlling disease outbreaks and assessing vaccination policies. Current US surveillance data on school vaccination coverage lack consistency across states, impairing the ability to conduct rigorous analysis on public health policy impacts. This case study describes our experience with publicly available school vaccination surveillance datasets during an attempt to conduct a quasi-experiment on how school vaccination exemption laws affect vaccination coverage. We outline the challenges observed during our attempts to analyze the relationship between policies related to nonmedical school vaccination exemptions and school vaccination coverage in states' bordering counties. Incomparable data volume, access, granularity, and collection methodology between states were identified as barriers to integrating data across states. Consistent surveillance data collection and reporting over time and among states could lead to improved analysis of public health status, more effective intervention evaluation, and more informed public health decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Declarations of Racism as a Public Health Crisis: A Content Analysis of US Public Health and Governmental Entities.","authors":"Skky Martin, Roshani Dahal, Hannah Geressu, Denisha Demeritte, Chelsey Kirkland, Janette S Dill","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this article is to investigate health equity commitments indicated in racism as a public health crisis (RPHC) declarations. The killing of George Floyd in May 2020 sparked widespread protests and renewed conversations about health equity, social determinants of health, and ongoing harms caused by racism, resulting in hundreds of RPHC declarations made by public health and governmental entities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a content analysis of 237 RPHC declarations (publicly available). We identified and categorized actions and strategies related to health equity across public health and governmental entities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The top 5 health equity actions in declarations included providing diversity, equity, and inclusion training to staff (43%), participating in community engagement (35%), hiring, retention, and inclusion of diverse staff (31%), partnering with other organizations (31%), and advocating for policies (30%). The most common health equity strategies were Adopting a Health Equity Approach, Community Engagement, and Workforce Initiatives, while Policing and Funding are uncommon. Health equity actions and strategies varied by public health and governmental entities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study deepens our understanding of the health equity commitments made by public health and governmental entities in effort to reduce health disparities and improve health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic Variation in Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among South Carolina Students: Examining Contributions of Community, School, and Individual Factors.","authors":"Morgan N Clennin, Marsha Dowda, Kelli Kenison, Lesley W Leake, William L Shirley, Russell R Pate","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002162","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) exerts a powerful influence on health. The distribution of cardiovascular risk factors, including CRF, varies across geographic places and is likely influenced by multiple factors at the community, neighborhood, and school levels. In South Carolina, Councils of Government (COGs) serve as regional planning organizations that guide the development and implementation of federal, state, and local initiatives-many of which can influence health-related sectors such as education, parks and recreation, and public health.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe geographic patterns in students' CRF among COG regions in South Carolina and to identify community and school factors that account for the observed variations.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional observational study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Using data from the South Carolina FitnessGram project (school year 2018-2019), the analytic sample included public school students from 710 public schools, 64 school districts, and 10 COGs (defined as a regional planning entity that provides a \"uniform geographical framework within which the planning, programming, and delivery of services might be undertaken with maximum efficiency and effectiveness\").</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>74 456 students in grades 5, 8, and 9-12 (high school).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Percentage of students in each COG that achieved the CRF healthy fitness zone (HFZ), as assessed by FitnessGram.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample had a mean age of 12.9 (1.9) years, was 51.7% male, and 51.8% identified as non-Hispanic White. Approximately half (51.3%) achieved the CRF HFZ. Significant differences in the proportion of students achieving the CRF HFZ were observed across COGs before and after adjusting for student, community, and school variables using multivariate analysis ( P < .001). Supportive school and community environments were positively and independently associated with the percentage of students achieving the CRF HFZ.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings indicate that population-level youth fitness may be influenced by school and community factors that are amendable through policy actions taken by local government and planning organizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"746-754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Heroes to Zeroes: The Unraveling Support for Public Health in COVID Pandemic-Era Connecticut.","authors":"Amanda Ketner, Olivia Micca, Aaliyah Barnes, Emily Ent, Shelby Segala, Jean Breny, Gabriella DeMaro","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002165","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess public health workers' mental well-being and emotional needs; evaluate resource gaps and needs for public health workers since the COVID-19 pandemic; formulate and predict professional/personal strategies to support workers in future pandemics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2021 and 2022, qualitative data were collected via Qualtrics survey and focus groups from Connecticut public health workers (N = 132) with 3 question areas: (1) challenges experienced during the pandemic; (2) professional/personal needs; and (3) recommendations for how governing organizations can support workers. Thematic and content analyses were performed using NVivo-12 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants reported experiencing gaps in knowledge and response strategies, lack of support, and shortages in staffing and grant spending. Challenges included concerns over personal safety, job security, post-traumatic stress disorder, and feelings of guilt and burnout.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Governing agencies were limited in their ability to supply resources to struggling employees. Results from this study, and recommendations from health workers, should be integrated into response for future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"766-772"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}