Journal of Public Health Management and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Community-Level Strategies for Addressing Disparities in Healthy People 2030 Leading Health Indicators.","authors":"Rachel Van Vleet, Skyla Chitwood, Victoria Hallman, Megan Heffernan, Catharine Fromknecht, Meghan O'Leary, Yen Lin, Deborah Hoyer","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The Healthy People 2030 Leading Health Indicators (LHIs) offer a select set of measurable objectives to help community-based organizations focus their efforts to improve health equity and reduce health disparities across the lifespan within the populations they serve. Disparities are observed across LHIs, including infant mortality, maternal mortality, and food insecurity, and reducing these disparities is a key strategy for improving health and well-being for all.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was designed to answer the following research questions: (1) What programs and initiatives are organizations implementing to address the LHIs of focus - infant mortality, maternal mortality, and food insecurity? (2) How do organizations determine which programs and initiatives they will implement?</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>NORC conducted 9 qualitative interviews with Healthy People 2030 Champions, organizations dedicated to furthering Healthy People goals and objectives, who are working to address disparities within infant mortality, maternal mortality, and food insecurity through a variety of strategies, interventions, and programs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Wraparound services, doula programs, and education and advocacy emerged as common strategies for addressing disparities in maternal and infant mortality. Organizations that are working to reduce household food insecurity and hunger implemented food pharmacies and support participant enrollment in federal food assistance programs. Interviewees shared strategies for determining programs to implement and continued program improvement including assessing community needs, leveraging partnerships, and measuring program success.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Healthy People Champion organizations are using several multidimensional strategies to address infant mortality, maternal mortality, and food insecurity in their communities. These strategies, and the community-based organizations that implement them, are critical for addressing disparities in priority health outcomes among the people who have the greatest need. These findings offer insights into how local communities are tackling national priorities and underscore opportunities for more rigorous evaluation to demonstrate progress toward addressing disparities in the LHIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Priorities of Local Health Departments in California: A Mixed Methods Study.","authors":"Nimrat K Sandhu, Ana Lucia Mendoza, Mamata Pokhrel, Melissa Renteria, Kim Bristow, Paul M Brown","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prioritization is an essential task of local health departments (LHDs). We examined the alignment of priorities reported in Community Health Needs Assessments (CHNA) priorities align with priorities in the Community Health Improvement Plans (CHIP). We report factors that influence the choice of priorities and the alignment of the priorities.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A mixed method study design.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>California.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>CHNA and CHIP documents were sought for all 58 counties. Interviews were conducted with 19 state and local public health officials.</p><p><strong>Outcome measures: </strong>The priorities in the CHNA and the CHIP were coded as i) only in the CHNA, ii) only in the CHIP, or iii) in both the CHNA and the CHIP. The interviewees were asked to share their experiences related to issue prioritization and decision-making in public health agencies. The interviews were coded and thematically analyzed to identify barriers and facilitators of the prioritization process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The alignment between the needs prioritized in CHNA and the priorities targeted in CHIP was 35%. The interviews identify reasons for the misalignment, including a need to include priorities in the CHNA even though LHDs are not able to address them, political factors that influence the selection of priorities, and a lack of discretionary funding or capacity/expertise within the agency or its community partners to respond to the needs identified. The lack of discretionary funding was particularly acute for smaller (rural) LHDs (CMSP) and resulted in their often having to focus on priorities where there was state or federal funding.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LHDs face numerous challenges in aligning the priorities reported in the CHNA and the priorities they focus upon in the CHIP. LHDs should consider using a formal, transparent, and evidence-based approach to setting aligning. Future research should focus on developing a formal decision-making process that is appropriate for local public health decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on Public Health Department Accreditation: Lessons Learned From Ohio's Accreditation Mandate.","authors":"Tonni Oberly, Simone R Singh, Amy Bush Stevens, Robin Blair-Ackison, Anna Sheeran, Britt Lang","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Ohio is the only state that requires local health departments (LHDs) to be accredited by the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB). As of May 2024, 80% of Ohio's 111 LHDs achieved accreditation, making Ohio the state with the highest proportion of accredited LHDs in the country.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examined the experience of public health accreditation in Ohio including the perceived value of PHAB accreditation for LHDs. It also explored the extent to which perspectives on the value of mandatory accreditation differed between state and local health officials.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Data for this study was obtained from 5 focus group interviews with 41 participants, representing state and local perspectives on PHAB accreditation in Ohio. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using inductive and deductive coding for a thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Focus group participants outlined numerous advantages that accreditation has brought to their organizations. Commonly cited benefits include enhancements in quality improvement and performance management, strengthened collaborations and partnerships, improved communications, and optimized resource use. Challenges in achieving accreditation involved the financial expenses associated with the process and constraints on staffing resources. State officials generally expressed positive views on the accreditation mandate, perceiving it as a pathway to modernize the public health system and ensure consistency in service delivery across communities. In contrast, local stakeholders offered more nuanced perspectives and voiced concerns about the intentions behind the mandate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The experience of health officials in Ohio offers lessons for both PHAB and officials in other states working to increase public health department accreditation levels. Successful implementation of accreditation mandates requires trust between state and local partners, open communication, and clarity of purpose. Moreover, attaining accreditation necessitates substantial resources, including technical assistance, financial support, and a robust workforce.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Disasters Cross State Borders: Pennsylvania's Public Health Response to the Norfolk Southern Train Derailment in East Palestine, Ohio.","authors":"Matthew Fifolt, Andrew Pickett","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case study explores the actions taken by the Pennsylvania Department of Health to address public health concerns related to the Norfolk Southern train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio. Due to the location of the train derailment on the Ohio-Pennsylvania border, the case demonstrates the inherent challenges of addressing disasters that occur across state lines. Furthermore, the train derailment was regarded as an environmental disaster rather than a public health emergency, further complicating response efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of Criticality and Frequency of Tasks by the Public Health Workforce, 2022.","authors":"Richard S Kurz, Allison Foster, L Michael Bowen, Kaye Bender","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Since the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been significant interest in the public health workforce and its development. Substantial emphasis has been placed on the competencies needed for the development of the workforce. As important as this work on competencies is to a competent public health workforce, the certification of public health professionals and the maintenance of their skills and knowledge is of equal importance. The National Board of Public Health Examiners (NBPHE), along with other organizations, plays a key role in this process. Based on the National Board of Public Health Examiner's 2022 JTA, this study investigates the specific tasks that are performed by the public health workforce in each of 10 domains, their criticality and frequency, and the relationship of their criticality to their frequency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the National Board of Public Health Examiners (NBPHE) job task analysis (JTA), the criticality and frequency of tasks and their relationship were investigated through tabular analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten tasks were identified as the most critical, focused on the domains of communication, leadership, resource and program management, and law and ethics. The 10 most frequent tasks were the same as the most critical tasks in 8 instances. When the criticality of all tasks was related to their frequency, 12 tasks were found to have high criticality and high frequency, 17 tasks had low criticality and low frequency, and 74 tasks had high criticality and low frequency. In our data, no low criticality tasks were performed frequently.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Results are discussed for their relevance to education in public health and practitioner development. A key takeaway is that workforce tasks and competencies appear to provide two different and important ways to analyze workforce activity in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time Dashboard for Identifying Overdose Touchpoints in Indiana.","authors":"Bradley Ray, Douglas Huntsinger, Kaitlyn Christian, Logan Gillenwater, Abigail Rinderle, Allyson Dir, Matthew C Aalsma, Khairi Reda","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indiana state government partnered with researchers to develop a real-time dashboard that brings together multiple data sources to provide state and county-level measures around overdose touchpoints, which are settings that people engaged with prior to fatal overdose. Exploration of the dashboard reveals multiple opportunities for overdose prevention and highlights its use as a tool to monitor strategies in reducing overdose deaths.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Facility Readiness to Provide Equitable Birthing Care in New York State: A Baseline Survey.","authors":"Sahar Gowani, Jacqueline Kellachan, Chiagbanwe Enwere, Marilyn Kacica","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Facility policies, practices, and culture contribute to inequities in maternal outcomes. In New York State (NYS), Black birthing people are 4 to 5 times more likely to experience maternal mortality than White birthing people.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Understanding the racial, ethnic, linguistic, and gender equity policies at NYS birthing facilities can identify areas of improvement to impact care and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The design was a cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The setting was NYS birthing facilities, which included hospitals and birthing centers.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Facility leadership completed self-reported surveys from December 2020 through June 2021.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Facility equity data were obtained across 4 domains: (1) organizational commitment to equity, (2) staff equity training and evaluation, (3) leadership and staff composition, and (4) patient data, voice, and influence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over half of NYS birthing facilities documented a public commitment to equity in their mission, but only 15% had a written equity plan with processes for monitoring progress. Less than one-third of facilities stated that staff from underrepresented racial, ethnic, and language, gender (REaLG) groups were proportionally represented in leadership and management positions. About half of the facilities reported their staff composition reflects their patient population, but only a quarter analyzed staff REaLG demographics to serve diverse patients. Twenty-eight percent of facilities assess diversity in their board of directors, facility leadership, medical leadership, medical staff, and administrative staff. One-third required staff implicit bias training; 17% collected and used data on patient satisfaction regarding racial equity; and 12% engaged affected communities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Facilities differed in their implementation of policies and practices that support equitable care. Survey data provide facilities with specific areas of improvement to focus their efforts. Equity assessments are an important step for facilities to evaluate their policies and practices and for statewide institutions to develop programming.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putting the Bright Spots of the COVID-19 Pandemic Response to Use.","authors":"Valerie A Yeager, Emilie R Madsen, Christopher Hoff, Kay Schaffer, Rachel Hare Bork","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":"30 6","pages":"911-912"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is the Role of Public Health in the Era of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.","authors":"Justin B Moore","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":"30 6","pages":"775-776"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training the Next Generation of Local Public Health Leaders: A Case Study of Community Health Organizers in Pennsylvania.","authors":"Julie C Lentes, Amanda J Taylor Gehman, Eugene J Lengerich, Jennifer Osetek, Susan Veldheer, Angela Gumby, Raffy R Luquis, Jessica Beiler, Jennifer L Kraschnewski","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001954","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Few short-term training programs exist for persons with limited experience or training in public health to support public health initiatives. We describe a public health training designed by the Pennsylvania (PA) Training Center for Health Equity for the PA Community Health Organizer (CHO) program. The CHO program was created to address the immediate needs of underserved communities and promote lasting health equity during the pandemic. CHOs are professionals who promote community action and align efforts with local organizations to build sustainable public health infrastructure and apply evidence-based practices to program policy, planning, and development. The training content, delivered by Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) in 12 monthly sessions, focused upon foundational public health concepts in a novel community case study approach. The ECHO All Teach, All Learn training model was successful in providing relevant public health information to this new workforce, and the pre-/post-training evaluation demonstrated a positive increase in knowledge across all domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"853-856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11419943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}