Journal of Public Health Management and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Source of Alcohol Among Adults in the United States: Differences in the Use of Home Delivery and On-Premises and Off-Premises Alcohol Outlets.","authors":"Lei Zhang, Marissa B Esser, Kurt J Greenlund","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While many states have expanded alcohol delivery policies, data are limited on where US adults obtain alcohol, often not specifying alcohol delivery. This study assessed sources of how adults obtained their alcohol, by sociodemographic characteristics and drinking patterns. Among the 2200 adult respondents to the 2024 SummerStyles survey who drink, 4 logistic regressions were used to assess adjusted odds ratios between sociodemographic characteristics and how respondents obtained their alcohol during the past 30 days. Respondents could select more than 1 source, if applicable. Obtaining alcohol from off-premises outlets was most common (73.9%), followed by on-premises outlets (49.9%); 2.4% reported using delivery. Compared to adults who did not binge drink, binge drinking was associated with almost twice the odds of using alcohol delivery. This study underscores the usefulness of further research to assess the effects of alcohol policy changes that modify access to alcohol on excessive drinking and alcohol-related harms.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Based Trends in Opioid Overdose-Related Emergency Medical Services Encounters, 2017-2023.","authors":"Ashlyn Burns, Leslie Hulvershorn, Matthew C Aalsma, Zachary W Adams","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This repeated cross-sectional analysis uses 2017-2023 National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) data to characterize age-based trends in overdose-related EMS encounters. We calculated the annual rate of opioid overdose-related EMS encounters per 10 000 total EMS encounters across six age-groups. Among all age-groups, the annual rate of opioid overdose-related EMS encounters increased from 2019 to 2020. The largest increase was seen among adolescents under age 18, which increased by 70% (7.7-13.1 per 10 000 EMS encounters). From 2022 to 2023, the annual rate of opioid overdose-related EMS encounters decreased among all age-groups. Among those ages 18-24 and 25-34, overdose-related EMS encounters resemble pre-pandemic levels. In contrast, the annual rate among the under 18 group remained 62% higher (12.5 per 10 000 EMS encounters) than pre-pandemic levels. Given inaccurate beliefs that opioid overdoses only affect adults, system-level interventions are needed to expand access to youth-focused prevention, harm reduction, and treatment services.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Built Environment Implementation Strategies to Promote Physical Activity: Expert Consensus for Local Implementation of Physical Activity Policy, Systems, and Environment (ECLIPPSE).","authors":"Stephenie C Lemon, Karin Valentine Goins, Julien Leider, Christiaan G Abildso, Mark Fenton, Cynthia K Perry, Sandy J Slater, Jamie F Chriqui","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002198","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Despite evidence supporting the role of the built environment in promoting physical activity, there is limited guidance on how to implement recommended built environment changes at the local level.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this project was to develop a compilation of implementation strategies that hold promise for aiding communities in implementing built environment changes that support active transportation and leisure-time physical activity, titled \"Expert Consensus for Local Implementation of Physical Activity Policy, Systems, and Environment (ECLIPPSE).\"</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A modified Delphi Technique using 3 web-based survey rounds was conducted from 2024 to 2025.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A multidisciplinary national expert panel was recruited to participate in this online panel.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The panel consisted of 23 professionals with expertise in the implementation of built environment changes to support physical activity at the local level.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>The Round 1 and 2 surveys utilized a rating process to establish a compilation of potentially promising strategies for aiding communities in implementing physical activity-supportive built environment changes. The Round 3 survey involved rating these strategies on potential feasibility and impact and endorsing the final compilation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-five strategies emerged in 2 broad domains. The first domain, \"Get Ready,\" included 4 categories: (1) Partnerships and collaboration (5 strategies); (2) staffing (5 strategies); (3) training and education (4 strategies), and (4) interactive assistance (2 strategies). The second domain, \"Take Action,\" included 6 categories: (1) Data and community informed prioritization (6 strategies); (2) evaluative (8 strategies); (3) community awareness and demand (8 strategies); (4) engagement with decision-making processes (5 strategies); (5) funding (7 strategies); and (6) pilots or demonstration projects (5 strategies). The final compilation was endorsed by 95% of respondents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ECLIPPSE strategies can be used to aid implementation of built environment changes at the local level to support physical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Reports to CDC of Travelers Who Flew While Infectious With Pertussis From April 2013 to February 2024.","authors":"Kristen Pringle, Robert Mason Clark, Jennifer J Fowler, Shannon L Gearhart, Leslie Hausman, Paisley Rearden, Grayson K Walker, Michael Kinzer, Leigh Ellyn Preston, Clive Brown, Sundari Mase, Alida M Gertz","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Pertussis is endemic worldwide, and exposure can occur anywhere, including commercial aircraft. Travelers exposed to an infectious person with pertussis may receive post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for up to 21 days after exposure to decrease risk of infection. This is accomplished through the identification of infectious travelers and their aircraft contacts (a process called aircraft contact investigation [Air CIs]).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Describe travelers reported to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) who flew while infectious with pertussis and outcomes of associated Air CIs.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>CDC's Port Health Activity Reporting System (PHARS) was queried to identify reports of travelers who flew with pertussis from April 12, 2013, to February 28, 2024.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Index cases (passengers or crew members) with pertussis who traveled on commercial aircraft and their exposed passenger contacts.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Traveler demographics, flight characteristics, outcome data from Air CIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred and eight individuals who recently traveled on commercial aircraft with pertussis were identified. Of the passengers determined to be infectious on the flights, Air CIs were initiated for 102/270 (38%) travelers who flew on 163/500 (33%) flights. Among the 337/500 (67%) flights for which Air CI was not initiated, the most common reason was that the index case was seated adjacent to only household members (142/337, 42%). For flights in which Air CIs were initiated, 234 contacts were identified, and one secondary case in a non-household passenger contact was reported. The average time from when contacts were exposed during the flight to when a health department reported the index case to CDC was 11.6 days (median 10.3 days, range: 0-39 days).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Timely reporting of pertussis cases after air travel may decrease transmission risk to passenger contacts and prevent severe illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrepancies Between Emergency Transport Modality and Emergency Department Outcomes: An Epidemiological Analysis.","authors":"Arian Zaboli, Francesco Brigo, Fabian Unterholzer, Paolo Berenzi, Gianni Turcato","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prehospital emergency services have evolved significantly, with increased specialization and deployment of advanced transport systems. However, concerns have been raised regarding the potential overutilization of these resources by patients who may not present with clinically urgent conditions. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the mode of arrival to the Emergency Department (ED) and the clinical severity upon evaluation, emphasizing the appropriateness of advanced emergency transport use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multicenter retrospective observational study analyzing all ED visits (n = 1 282 976) from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023, across seven hospitals in the Province of Bolzano, Italy. Data were extracted from electronic health records. Variables included patient demographics, mode of arrival, triage priority and hospital admission. Logistic regression models adjusted for hospital-level clustering were used to assess associations between transport modality and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most patients (77.4%) arrived by self-transport, while 0.8% arrived by helicopter. Although advanced transport was associated with higher odds of urgent triage and hospital admission, a substantial proportion of patients transported by helicopter (approximately 50%) or physician-staffed ambulance (approximately 30%) were discharged or assigned non-urgent triage codes. Logistic regression confirmed that advanced transport significantly decreased the odds of receiving a non-urgent code and increased the likelihood of admission; however, notable overtriage persisted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings highlight a mismatch between transport modality and clinical urgency in a significant number of cases. Enhancing emergency dispatch protocols and refining prehospital triage systems are critical to ensuring resource sustainability and optimizing care delivery within public healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competency Gaps Among Governmental Public Health Employees With and Without a Certification in Public Health.","authors":"MaKenzie Gee, Heather Taylor, Valerie A Yeager","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study is to examine competency gaps among governmental public health workers with and without the Certified in Public Health (CPH) credential, specifically among the majority of the workforce without a formal public health degree.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This cross-sectional study uses 2021 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS) data. Multivariate logistic regressions of reported skill gaps were performed while controlling for gender, age, race/ethnicity, public health degree attainment, role type, current employer, and tenure in public health practice.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A nationally representative sample of governmental public health employees.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>36 752 U.S. governmental public health employees across local and state health agencies representing 47 states.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Self-reported competency gaps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among nonsupervisors without a formal public health degree, those with a CPH had lower odds of reporting competency gaps in 3 of the 23 skills assessed compared to those without a CPH. Among supervisors/managers without a formal public health degree, those with a CPH had lower odds of reporting competency gaps in 6 of the 24 skills assessed compared to those without a CPH. Among executives without a formal public health degree, those with a CPH had no significant differences in reporting competency gaps in any of the 24 skills assessed compared to those without a CPH. When looking at the public health workforce as a whole, both with and without formal public health degrees, there were few significant competency gap differences between workers with and without the CPH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Having a CPH is associated with fewer self-reported competency gaps, specifically among the 85% of governmental public health employees without a public health degree. Thus, the CPH may be valuable to the sizable governmental public health workforce that does not have a formal education in public health. The CPH seems to be less impactful for executives compared to other supervisory levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing User Engagement With an Interactive Mapping Dashboard for Overdose Prevention Informed by Predictive Modeling in Rhode Island.","authors":"Alexandra Skinner, Daniel B Neill, Bennett Allen, Maxwell Krieger, Jesse Yedinak Gray, Claire Pratty, Alexandria Macmadu, William C Goedel, Elizabeth A Samuels, Jennifer Ahern, Magdalena Cerdá, Brandon D L Marshall","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Predictive modeling can identify neighborhoods at elevated risk of future overdose death and may assist community organizations' decisions about harm reduction resource allocation. In Rhode Island, PROVIDENT is a research initiative and randomized community intervention trial that developed and validated a machine learning model that predicts future overdose at a census block group (CBG) level. The PROVIDENT model prioritizes the top 20th percentile of CBGs at highest risk of future overdose death over the subsequent 6-month period. In CBGs assigned to the trial intervention arm, these predictions are then displayed for partnering community organizations via an interactive mapping dashboard.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate whether CBGs prioritized by the PROVIDENT model were associated with increased user engagement via an online dashboard for fatal overdose forecasting and resource planning.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We estimated prevalence ratios using modified Poisson regression models, adjusted for CBG-level characteristics that may confound the relationship between model predictions and dashboard engagement.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>We used CBG-level data in Rhode Island (N = 809) from November 2021 to July 2024.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Our exposure of interest was whether each CBG was prioritized by the PROVIDENT model and shown as prioritized on the interactive mapping dashboard.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Our primary outcome was whether a dashboard user from any partnering community organization engaged (eg, clicked, interacted with dashboard elements, or completed assessment or planning surveys) with each CBG on the interactive mapping dashboard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for previous model predictions and dashboard engagement, nonfatal overdose counts, and distribution of race and ethnicity, poverty, unemployment, and rent burden, dashboard users were 1.0 to 2.4 times as likely to engage with CBGs prioritized by the PROVIDENT model that were shown as prioritized on the dashboard as compared to CBGs that were prioritized by the PROVIDENT model that were blinded on the dashboard.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Interactive mapping tools with predictive modeling may be useful to support community-based harm reduction organizations in the allocation of resources to neighborhoods predicted to be at high risk of future overdose death.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis Social Equity Initiatives Across 5 US States Case Studies of Colorado, Washington, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Missouri.","authors":"Morgan Speer, Rishika Chakraborty, Y Tony Yang, Cassidy R LoParco, Carla J Berg","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Given the historic cannabis-related injustices in the US, several states that have legalized nonmedical cannabis also launched social equity (SE) initiatives involving criminal justice reform, equitable entrepreneurship assistance, and community reinvestment programs.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This manuscript explores SE initiatives across 5 states.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Case studies of 5 states were conducted using a drug policy framework. Two researchers dual-coded cannabis-related SE policies pertaining to expungements/pardons, equitable entrepreneurship assistance, and revenue allocation (as of December 2024).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Colorado, Washington, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Missouri.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Colorado, Washington, and Massachusetts implemented pardons for certain offenses; Connecticut and Missouri implemented expungement. There was variability in the eligible offenses and numbers of pardons and expungements granted across states. Regarding entrepreneurship assistance, the states' SE eligibility criteria were similar, albeit with some distinctions (eg, income restrictions, veterans). Each state either reserved licenses for SE applicants or had specific SE licenses. The states offered similar trainings but used distinct approaches (such as accelerator programs or role-specific tracks). Additionally, financial benefits, such as grants, loans, and fee waivers, differed across states. Each state implemented cannabis sales taxes, which varied in level and type (retail sales tax vs. excise tax). Revenues across states were directed to cannabis program costs, the general fund, and health care and educational initiatives and organizations, although there were differences in allocation across states.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings highlight the important efforts these states have made toward SE goals. However, given the varied approaches and limited evidence base, ongoing evaluation across states is needed to inform effective future SE initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Local Health Departments' Understanding of and Engagement in Cross-Sector Collaboration and Community Engagement for Systems Change.","authors":"Jeneane McDonald, Dorothy Cilenti, Elizabeth Jarpe-Ratner, Joy Harris, Steven Seweryn, Angela Tagtow, Christina Welter","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002185","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Iowa's local public health services (LPHS) contract funding required local health departments (LHDs) to shift toward population health work. In previous research, LHDs indicated interest in learning about cross-sector collaboration (CSC) and community engagement (CE) approaches to systems change to pursue health equity. CSC and CE approaches were on the menu of approved activities for this LPHS funding thereby creating a unique opportunity to explore practitioners' understanding of and engagement in CSC and CE for systems change.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To collect evidence about what is needed for LHDs to translate CSC and CE principles to practice and to develop skill and capacity-building initiatives for collaborative systems change.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The multi-phase, qualitative methods study employed an action research design drawing LHDs from Iowa's local public health system.</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>Practitioners from LHDs, the Iowa Department of Health and Human Services, the Midwestern Public Health Training Center, and the Iowa Public Health Association formed an action research team to review and validate thematic findings and develop recommendations. Seven LHDs (19 individuals) were selected as participants from Iowa's 99 LHDs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LHD practitioners described authentic, non-transactional, sustained relationships in the community and with cross-sector partners as foundational to collaborative systems change. Their experience demonstrated that system context (eg, community dynamics and priorities) heavily influences collaborative systems change. Key principles present in systems change frameworks are represented in practitioners' understanding of collaborative systems change. While participants described establishing processes and structures for collaboration as important, no universal best practices emerged; rather practices evolved as collaboratives engaged in shared learning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LHD practitioners characterize CSC and CE for systems change (ie, what it is, the processes for and successes of) thereby moving beyond high-level constructs to language that might better connect with public health practitioners (ie, words matter).</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content Analysis of Social Determinants of Health Accelerator Plans Using Artificial Intelligence: A Use Case for Public Health Practitioners.","authors":"Kelli DePriest, John Feher Iii, Kailen Gore, LaShawn Glasgow, Clint Grant, Peter Holtgrave, Karen Hacker, Robert Chew","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002148","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Public health practice involves the development of reports and plans, including funding progress reports, strategic plans, and community needs assessments. These documents are valuable data sources for program monitoring and evaluation. However, practitioners rarely have the bandwidth to thoroughly and rapidly review large amounts of primarily qualitative data to support real-time and continuous program improvement. Systematically examining and categorizing qualitative data through content analysis is labor-intensive. Large language models (LLMs), a type of generative artificial intelligence (AI) focused on language-based tasks, hold promise for expediting content analysis of public health documents, which, in turn, could facilitate continuous program improvement.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore the feasibility and potential of using LLMs to expedite content analysis of real-world public health documents. The focus was on comparing semiautomated outputs from GPT-4o with human outputs for abstracting and synthesizing information from health improvement plans.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Our study team conducted a content analysis of 4 publicly available community health improvement plans and compared the results with GPT-4o's performance on 20 data elements. We also assessed the resources required for both methods, including time spent on prompt engineering and error correction.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Accuracy of data abstraction and time required.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GPT-4o demonstrated abstraction accuracy of 79% (n = 17 errors) compared to 94% accuracy by the study team for individual plans, with 8 instances of falsified data. Out of the 18 synthesis data elements, GPT-4o made 9 errors, demonstrating an accuracy of 50%. On average, GPT-4o abstraction required fewer hours than study team abstraction, but resource savings diminished when accounting for time for developing prompts and identifying/correcting errors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Public health professionals who explore the use of generative AI tools should approach the method with cautious curiosity and consider the potential tradeoffs between resource savings and data accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"527-536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}