Journal of Public Health Management and Practice最新文献

{"title":"The Silent Public Health Crisis of Cancer Pain Management.","authors":"Sai S Kurapati, Antonio Yaghy","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call for Critical System Thinking in Addressing the 2024 Mpox Public Health Emergency.","authors":"Sanchita Chakraborty, Abhijit Poddar","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Awareness, Practices, and Perceptions of Risk and Responsibility Related to Extreme Heat:: An Exploratory Survey of Older Adults in Canada.","authors":"Emily J Tetzlaff, Robert D Meade, Fergus K O'Connor, Glen P Kenny","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Knowledge and risk perception are driving factors for initiating appropriate health-protective actions during extreme heat events (EHEs). We sought to examine the (1) current knowledge of heat as a health threat, (2) perception of personal vulnerability to heat, (3) role of heat warnings and heat alert and response systems in initiating heat mitigating practices, and (4) opinions of community preparedness among heat-vulnerable older adults, as well as explore factors that may influence these concepts.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional survey.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Canada.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Individuals aged 50 years or older.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The number of respondents and percentage of the total sample were calculated based on individual response rates to each question. To explore factors that may have influenced the respondents' understanding of heat health knowledge, awareness, and risk perception, a bootstrapped least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1027 respondents (69% female, median age: 68 years) from 10 provinces/territories. Most felt knowledgeable about heat stress (74%), but many indicated that greater effort is needed to increase public awareness of EHE (64%). Self-reported responsiveness to heat alerts was also high (88%) despite many respondents reporting a low level of self-perceived risk (66%) and characteristics of heat susceptibility (eg, age, comorbidities).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our sample of older Canadians, various factors influenced knowledge, perceived heat vulnerability, responsiveness to heat alerts, and perception of community preparedness. These findings can help inform public heat preparedness initiatives to ensure they align with the needs of older Canadians.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shifting Connections: Assessing Changes in a Rural Social Network Addressing Adverse Childhood Experiences Over Time.","authors":"Jennifer A Lawlor, Jini Puma, Jamie N Powers, Marlayna Martinez, Danielle Varda, Jenn A Leiferman","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The present study was designed in the context of a movement towards using community-scale network-based approaches to address adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Though these types of networks have become more common, assessments over time following typical network-building activities have been limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study focused on the question: To what extent does a rural ACEs network improve exchanges among network members following an intervention focused on improving interactions and networking among members?</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We employed a pre-post design, assessing partnerships among organizations addressing ACEs within a single rural community with a baseline assessment and a follow-up assessment three years later.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted in the rural San Luis Valley in Colorado. It was part of a larger federally-funded, community-engaged study, entitled Supporting Trauma Awareness and Nurturing Children's Environments (STANCE).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Participants for this study were representatives of organizations in the network (n = 59 in T1 and n = 58 in T2, n = 56 overlapping organizations across time points). Each participant was asked to report about their organization's partnerships in the network at two time points.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Between the baseline and follow-up assessments, an intervention to further develop the network was implemented. It included hosting a networking event among organizations working on ACEs and the development of a subcommittee of the local interagency oversight group that focused on promoting information-sharing about early childhood and ACEs among local organizations.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Outcome measures included: clustering, path length, centrality and centralization, and density over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified changes across key network metrics, indicating that the network had increased centrality and centralization over time, decreased average path length, and increased clustering and density across three sub-networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Changes identified in this network provide evidence that ACEs networks can change in response to focused network development activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Career Trends of University of Minnesota School of Public Health Alumni: Baseline Survey Results for a Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Nicole M Weiss, Jonathon P Leider, Darren Kaltved, Kablia Thao, Melinda Pettigrew","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This work describes baseline results of the University of Minnesota (UMN) School of Public Health (SPH) Career Trends Survey (CTS), allowing for comparison to future CTS data.</p><p><strong>Design and setting: </strong>The UMN SPH CTS was fielded using multiple methods, including paper and online, from January to March 2021.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>All US-based (at time of survey) UMN SPH alumni for whom the school maintained contact information were eligible to complete the survey. In total, 8817 alumni received the survey and 1966 responded (22% response rate).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>We examined the proportion of graduates' first jobs by job sector over time, the proportion of graduates who switched job sectors over time, and how closely graduates' first jobs related to public health over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Graduates overwhelmingly reported that their first jobs were either \"somewhat related\" or \"strongly related\" to public health, but a smaller proportion of graduates in the 2010s reported their first jobs being \"strongly related\" to public health compared to graduates from the first decades for which we have data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Data suggest a noteworthy trend: proportionally fewer of our recent public health graduates are going into governmental public health. Though a more nationally representative dataset is still needed, our results are a crucial step forward in determining how to mitigate the staffing up difficulties faced by many public health agencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Adherence to a COVID-19 Serial Testing Program Among University Affiliates in the Deep South.","authors":"Aneeka Ratnayake, Susan Hassig, Hua He, Alyssa Lederer, Patricia J Kissinger","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Serial testing programs were used at many US universities during the earlier stages of the COVID-19 pandemic to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among affiliates, though the effectiveness of such programs was contingent on adherence. In this study, researchers sought to determine factors associated with testing adherence.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional analyses were done in Spring and Fall of 2021.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>This study took place at a medium size, private university in the Deep South.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Participants included university affiliates, including faculty/staff and students.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Adherence to a mandated but unenforced serial testing program was assessed. All variables were ascertained through university records. Logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with testing during both semesters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the Spring 2021 semester, staff and faculty had 23% greater odds of being tested compared to students. Paradoxically, the odds of adherence to testing decreased by 4% per year of age. In the Fall 2021 semester, the odds of being tested was 82% greater for staff and faculty compared to students and 27% higher for those who had a previous positive test compared to those who did not. Men had a 13% lower odds of testing than women. In both semesters, those who were unvaccinated had a significantly lower odds of testing compared to those who were vaccinated (86% and 92%, respectively), P < .001.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Testing adherence was associated with vaccination status, suggesting that offering serial testing for those who are not vaccinated may not be an effective strategy in mitigating infection, in the absence of any enforcement. Additional factors such as age, sex, and affiliation status and testing adherence changed over the course of the pandemic suggesting the complexity of testing behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Harm Reduction Vending Machines and In-Person Overdose Prevention Services in Practice: A Case Study From Rhode Island.","authors":"Leah C Shaw, Erin A Brown, Emma Creegan, Thomas E Bertrand, Sarah Ogundare, Carolyn J Park, Justin Berk, Philip A Chan, Brandon D L Marshall","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002128","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Improved harm reduction approaches are needed to address the ongoing opioid epidemic in the United States. The study aimed to evaluate the statewide implementation of harm reduction vending machines (HRVMs) and existing in-person harm reduction services.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We analyzed 2 years of data from in-person harm reduction encounters and an HRVM pilot program between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Rhode Island.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>This analysis compared unique persons served, total encounters, types of products dispensed, and time and day of transaction (weekday vs weekend) for in-person services provided by state-funded community organizations and the HRVMs in operation during the pilot program.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>At each encounter, the date, location, sociodemographic information, and product(s) dispensed were recorded, among other information for both in-person and HRVM services.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 15 000 people accessed in-person and HRVM services during the 2-year study period (N = 15 267 in-person; N = 485 HRVM or both). Overall, 38% were female, and 64% were white and non-Hispanic. People who frequented the HRVMs tended to be an average of 5 years younger (P< .001). Twenty-eight percent of HRVM encounters happened over the weekend, while only 2% of in-person encounters occurred during this time. Notably, 29% of HRVM encounters occurred overnight or during the early morning hours. Safer injection kits, safer smoking kits, and naloxone kits were the 3 most common products dispensed during in-person encounters, with 68% of encounters also supplying basic needs like water, snacks, and clothing. Safer injection kits represented 89% of products dispensed by the HRVMs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HRVMs are a feasible method of distributing harm reduction supplies as a complement to in-person services. HRVMs could complement other services already offered in many communities. Around-the-clock access is a key component of effective HRVMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating a User-centered Redesign of the NYC Environment and Health Data Portal Website.","authors":"Matthew Montesano, Chris Gettings, Emily Torem","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Public health agencies publish data so that data can influence public health policy and practice and improve the public health. But when these websites are difficult to use, they present barriers to this goal. Working to make data websites easier to use can add value to public health work.</p><p><strong>Program: </strong>In 2022, the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene redesigned the Environment and Health Data Portal website to communicate data more effectively by improving usability. The redesigned website lets users browse datasets, visualize them, and includes companion explanatory material to communicate key public health findings.</p><p><strong>Implementation: </strong>We evaluated the usability as an outcome of the redesign and compared it to the usability of the prior website. Using a cross-over design, participants did simple tasks on both old and new websites, then filled out the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire, a standard usability instrument.</p><p><strong>Evaluation: </strong>Participants scored the new site better than the old site, with statistically significant improvements in overall usability, system usefulness, and information. Additionally, web analytics show steadily increasing traffic to the new site, indicating that improved usability might have led to increased use.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This evaluation indicates a successful redesign: a measurable increase in usability and a substantial increase in web traffic. It suggests that designing data products for a wide range of users can be a successful strategy and demonstrate a viable method for evaluating public health data communication websites using a standard usability instrument.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salary and Job Requirement Differences for Jobs in Local and State Health Departments Versus the Private Sector: Analysis of Large-Scale Job Postings Data.","authors":"Heather Krasna, Isabella Patino, Sezen Ozcan Onal, Malvika Venkataraman","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>While some research shows that health departments pay comparably low wages for many jobs, federal data on salaries for employees of local and state health departments are limited. Job postings provide an alternative, real-time method to assess job requirements and salaries. Our goal was to utilize data from job postings to determine if there were significant differences in salary, education, or experience requirements when comparing jobs in local or state government health departments with the same types of jobs posted in other sectors.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We used Lightcast, a large-scale and comprehensive database of job postings, to gather real-time data on salary, education, and experience requirements for 44 public health occupations, contrasting those in state and local health departments (SLHDs) with those in all other sectors. We used interval regression analysis to assess salary differences and contrasted minimum education and experience levels using a partial proportional odds model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 284 job postings were collected for the government, and 12 609 441 in the private sector. Twenty-seven occupations paid significantly less in SLHDs, and 6 paid significantly more. For 37 occupations, SLHDs were less likely to require at least a Master's degree than the private sector. Certain SLHD positions require less education and/or experience, while also paying less.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Many, though not all, roles in the SLHD workforce are comparatively underpaid, and job requirements are often lower, potentially creating recruitment and retention challenges and producing a workforce that may be less prepared for public health crises. SLHDs can use data from job postings to benchmark their salaries and advocate for more competitive wages, especially for \"hard-to-fill\" positions, and can also better advertise their benefits to attract candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flavored Tobacco Restriction Policy Support in New York and the United States, 2022.","authors":"Stephanie Craven Bunch, Ellen M Coats, Elizabeth M Brown, James M Nonnemaker, Jennifer Lee, OlaOluwa Fajobi","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000002131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Use of flavored commercial tobacco products, including menthol cigarettes, flavored vaping products, and flavored cigars, remains a serious public health concern with implications for health equity. Flavored tobacco use is more prevalent among some populations of adults, including among Black adults; young adults; and adults who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or questioning or queer.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper explores the prevalence of support for flavored tobacco sales restrictions among a representative sample of adults in New York (NY) and the United States (U.S.).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We analyzed cross-sectional data from the New York Adult Tobacco Survey and United States Adult Tobacco Survey collected in 2022 to estimate prevalence of support for policies that ban the sale of menthol cigarettes and flavored tobacco products other than menthol cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2022, support for banning the sale of menthol cigarettes and/or flavored tobacco was lower among adults who use tobacco, including flavored and/or menthol tobacco; non-Hispanic White adults; males; and those living outside of urban areas. In the same year, 47.1% of NY adults and 37.3% of adults nationally supported both policies banning the sale of menthol cigarettes and the sale of flavored tobacco products other than cigarettes. Support for one policy but not the other was uncommon in NY and nationally. Support for policies that ban the sale of menthol cigarettes was higher in NY than in the U.S. in 2022 among those who use tobacco (32.0% in NY vs 19.3% in the U.S.) and those who use flavored tobacco products (25.8% in NY vs 16.3% in the U.S.).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Understanding population support for flavored tobacco restrictions provides opportunities for tobacco control programs to tailor education, communications, and surveillance planning at the local, state, and federal levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":47855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}