{"title":"Orthopedic revolution: The emerging role of nanotechnology.","authors":"Wen-Jie Ruan, Si-Si Xu, Dong-Hui Xu, Zhi-Peng Li","doi":"10.5312/wjo.v15.i10.932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v15.i10.932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review summarizes the latest progress in orthopedic nanotechnology, explores innovative applications of nanofibers in tendon repair, and evaluates the potential of selenium and cerium oxide nanoparticles in osteoarthritis and osteoblast differentiation. This review also describes the emerging applications of injectable hydrogels in cartilage engineering, emphasizing the critical role of interdisciplinary research and highlighting the challenges and future prospects of integrating nanotechnology into orthopedic clinical practice. This comprehensive approach provides a holistic perspective on the transformative impact of nanotechnology in orthopedics, offering valuable insights for future research and clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":47843,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Orthopedics","volume":"15 10","pages":"932-938"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhao-Qiu Dai, Xiao-Yan Gong, Rong Zhang, Mei-Qin Jin, Wei Lu, Wen Wen, Jie Chen, Fang-Jie Lu, Yi-Fan Yang, Lei Wang, Xiao-Jin He
{"title":"Research trends in exercise therapy for the treatment of pain in postmenopausal osteoporosis over the past decade: A bibliometric analysis.","authors":"Zhao-Qiu Dai, Xiao-Yan Gong, Rong Zhang, Mei-Qin Jin, Wei Lu, Wen Wen, Jie Chen, Fang-Jie Lu, Yi-Fan Yang, Lei Wang, Xiao-Jin He","doi":"10.5312/wjo.v15.i10.950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v15.i10.950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is the most common form of primary osteoporosis among women, and the associated pain often drives patients to seek clinical intervention. Numerous studies have highlighted the unique clinical benefits of exercise therapy (ET) in alleviating PMOP-related pain. However, bibliometric analyses examining collaboration, development trends, and research frontiers in the field of ET for PMOP pain remain scarce.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the research trends in ET for pain treatment in PMOP patients over the past decade.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All scholarly works were meticulously sourced from the Science Citation Index-Expanded within the prominent Web of Science Core Collection. Utilizing the capabilities of CiteSpace 6.2.R5, we conducted a thorough analysis of publications, authors, frequently cited scholars, contributing nations, institutions, journals of significant citation, comprehensive references, and pivotal keywords. Additionally, our examination explored keyword cooccurrences, detailed timelines, and periods of heightened citation activity. This comprehensive search, from 2014 through 2023, was completed within a single day, on October 11, 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 2914 articles were ultimately included in the analysis. There was a rapid increase in annual publication output in 2015, followed by stable growth in subsequent years. Boninger, Michael L, is the most prolific author, whereas Ware JE has the most citations. The United States' global influence is significant, surpassing all other nations. The University of California System and Harvard University are the most influential academic institutions. <i>J Bone Joint Surg Am</i> is the most influential journal in this field. \"Spinal cord injury\" is the keyword that has garnered the most attention from researchers. The developmental pattern in this field is characterized by interdisciplinary fusion, with different disciplines converging to drive progress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The academic development of the field of ET for pain in PMOP has matured and stabilized. Clinical management and rehabilitation strategies, along with the mechanisms underlying the relationship between ET and bone resorption analgesia, continue to be the current and future focal points of research in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":47843,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Orthopedics","volume":"15 10","pages":"950-964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui-Si Yang, Yue-Xiang Zheng, Xue Bai, Xiu-Ying He, Ting-Hua Wang
{"title":"Application prospects of urine-derived stem cells in neurological and musculoskeletal diseases.","authors":"Hui-Si Yang, Yue-Xiang Zheng, Xue Bai, Xiu-Ying He, Ting-Hua Wang","doi":"10.5312/wjo.v15.i10.918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v15.i10.918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) are derived from urine and harbor the potential of proliferation and multidirectional differentiation. Moreover, USCs could be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells [namely urine-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (UiPSCs)] through transcription factors, such as octamer binding transcription factor 4, sex determining region Y-box 2, kruppel-like factor 4, myelocytomatosis oncogene, and Nanog homeobox and protein lin-28, in which the first four are known as Yamanaka factors. Mounting evidence supports that USCs and UiPSCs possess high potential of neurogenic, myogenic, and osteogenic differentiation, indicating that they may play a crucial role in the treatment of neurological and musculoskeletal diseases. Therefore, we summarized the origin and physiological characteristics of USCs and UiPSCs and their therapeutic application in neurological and musculoskeletal disorders in this review, which not only contributes to deepen our understanding of hallmarks of USCs and UiPSCs but also provides the theoretical basis for the treatment of neurological and musculoskeletal disorders with USCs and UiPSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47843,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Orthopedics","volume":"15 10","pages":"918-931"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luca Monestier, Giacomo Riva, Mahfuz Latiff, Luca Marciandi, Elisa Bozzi, Alessandra Pelozzi, Andrea Pautasso, Giorgio Pilato, Michele Francesco Surace, Fabio D'Angelo
{"title":"Pediatric flexible flatfoot: Does obesity influence the outcomes of arthroereisis?","authors":"Luca Monestier, Giacomo Riva, Mahfuz Latiff, Luca Marciandi, Elisa Bozzi, Alessandra Pelozzi, Andrea Pautasso, Giorgio Pilato, Michele Francesco Surace, Fabio D'Angelo","doi":"10.5312/wjo.v15.i9.850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v15.i9.850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood obesity has emerged in the last decades as an important public health problem worldwide. Although relationships between obesity and flatfoot have been shown, no studies have investigated the influence of obesity on arthroereisis outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate correlations between childhood overweight/obesity and clinical and radiographic outcomes after subtalar arthroereisis with self-locking implants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included one hundred and sixty-nine pediatric patients (10-14 years old) who underwent subtalar arthroereisis (PEEK PitStop<sup>®</sup> device) for severe flexible flatfoot. Exclusion criteria were additional procedures, revision of previous corrective surgeries, rigid flatfoot with severe deformity, and neurological or post-traumatic flatfoot. Preoperative/postoperative European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were determined; radiographic assessment was conducted on weight-bearing foot X-rays: Kite angle, first metatarsal-talus angle, Meary angle, calcaneal pitch angle and lateral talo-calcaneal angle were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EFAS and VAS scores improved post-operatively in the whole population. Only seven cases with complications were reported. Radiographic assessment revealed an improvement in all angles. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the impact of obesity was significant on arthroereisis outcomes: Relationships were reported between BMI and postoperative EFAS/VAS scores, postoperative calcaneal pitch angle, Kite angle, Meary angle and talo-first metatarsal angle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although arthroereisis represents a very effective and valid treatment for flatfoot both in normal weight and obese children, obesity significantly influences clinical and radiographic outcomes of arthroereisis, and obese children tend to perceive more pain and discomfort.</p>","PeriodicalId":47843,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Orthopedics","volume":"15 9","pages":"850-857"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nucki Nursjamsi Hidajat, Raden Moechammad Satrio Nugroho Magetsari, Gregorius Steven, Jethro Budiman, Gregorius Thomas Prasetiyo
{"title":"Platelet-rich plasma for de Quervain's tenosynovitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Nucki Nursjamsi Hidajat, Raden Moechammad Satrio Nugroho Magetsari, Gregorius Steven, Jethro Budiman, Gregorius Thomas Prasetiyo","doi":"10.5312/wjo.v15.i9.858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v15.i9.858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection is used as an alternative non-operative management for de Quervain's tenosynovitis (DQT) to regenerate tendon healing.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess and conclude the research-based study systematically to analyse the efficacy of PRP on DQT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review used the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and the guideline of preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic literature search was applied to 11 databases. The authors assessed the study quality and risk of bias of each included study. Results of the meta-analysis were presented using mean difference (MD)/standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The authors evaluated 275 studies found in the literature search; 12 studies met the criteria for this review, and then the study quality and risk of bias were assessed. Pooled analysis of data from two studies involving 194 subjects with DQT showed that, compared with conservative treatment, PRP injection was associated with a greater reduction in visual analog scale pain in one month and six months after treatment (MD: -0.67, <i>P</i> value < 0.00001; MD: -1.16, <i>P</i> value < 0.00001) and the increase of Mayo's wrist score in one month and six months after treatment (SMD: 3.72, <i>P</i> value < 0.00001; SMD: 4.44, <i>P</i> value < 0.00001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PRP can be used as an alternative non-operative treatment for DQT due to the tissue regenerative effect of PRP.</p>","PeriodicalId":47843,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Orthopedics","volume":"15 9","pages":"858-869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian J Rajkovic, Matthew L Merckling, Alyssa W Lee, Galadu Subah, Aryan Malhotra, Zachary D Thomas, Sabrina L Zeller, John V Wainwright, Merritt D Kinon
{"title":"Conservative management of spinal pathology with autologous conditioned serum: A systematic review of the literature.","authors":"Christian J Rajkovic, Matthew L Merckling, Alyssa W Lee, Galadu Subah, Aryan Malhotra, Zachary D Thomas, Sabrina L Zeller, John V Wainwright, Merritt D Kinon","doi":"10.5312/wjo.v15.i9.870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v15.i9.870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic inflammatory pain is associated with increased expression of interleukin (IL)-1, an inflammatory cytokine, and activity on its receptor (IL-1R). In response, the body produces IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra) to reduce this signaling. Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) is the only biologic therapy for spinal pathologies that enhances the action of endogenous IL-1Ra reserves to improve symptoms. This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of ACS in treating pain and disability caused by spinal pathologies.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the use of ACS as a conservative management option for spinal pathology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of PubMed/Medline was performed to identify studies investigating administration of ACS for treatment of any spinal pathology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six articles were included, comprising 684 patients treated with epidural (<i>n</i> = 133) or transforaminal (<i>n</i> = 551) ACS injections. Patients had an average age of 54.0 years with slight female predominance (53.2%). The lumbar spine was most commonly treated, with 567 patients (82.9%) receiving injections for lumbar radiculopathy (<i>n</i> = 67), degenerative disc disease (DDD) (<i>n</i> = 372), or spinal stenosis (<i>n</i> = 128); cervical injections were performed in 109 patients (15.9%). Mean (SD) follow-up was 21.7 (4.8) weeks from first ACS injection. All studies investigating mechanical lumbar and lumbar or cervical radicular pain reported significant pain reduction at final follow-up compared to baseline. ACS achieved comparable or superior results to lumbar epidural steroid injections. Adverse events were reported in 21 patients (3.1%), with no serious adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ACS injection is a safe and effective intervention for pain reduction in many spinal pathologies, including cervical and lumbar radiculopathies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47843,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Orthopedics","volume":"15 9","pages":"870-881"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Armin Hoveidaei, Mehdi Karimi, Vida Khalafi, Patrick Fazeli, Amir Human Hoveidaei
{"title":"Impacts of radiation therapy on quality of life and pain relief in patients with bone metastases.","authors":"Armin Hoveidaei, Mehdi Karimi, Vida Khalafi, Patrick Fazeli, Amir Human Hoveidaei","doi":"10.5312/wjo.v15.i9.841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v15.i9.841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone metastases (BM) are a common complication in advanced cancer patients, significantly contributing to morbidity and mortality due to their ability to cause pain, fractures, and spinal cord compression. Radiation therapy (RT) is vital in managing these complications by targeting metastatic lesions to ease pain, improve mobility, and reduce the risk of skeletal-related events such as fractures. Evidence supports the effectiveness of RT in pain relief, showing its ability to provide significant palliation and lessen the need for opioid painkillers, thereby enhancing the overall quality of life (QoL) for patients with BM. However, optimizing RT outcomes involves considerations such as the choice of radiation technique, dose fractionation schedules, and the integration of supportive care measures to mitigate treatment-related side effects like fatigue and skin reactions. These factors highlight the importance of personalized treatment planning tailored to individual patient needs and tumor characteristics. This mini-review aims to provide comprehensive insights into the multifaceted impacts of RT on pain management and QoL enhancement in BM patients, with implications for refining clinical practices and advancing patient care through the synthesis of findings from various studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47843,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Orthopedics","volume":"15 9","pages":"841-849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating clubfoot in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, factors, and future directions.","authors":"Chun-Han Cheng, Wen-Rui Hao, Tzu-Hurng Cheng","doi":"10.5312/wjo.v15.i9.836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v15.i9.836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This editorial discusses the significant findings and implications of the study conducted by Alomran <i>et al</i>. This retrospective study, soon to be published, provides valuable insights into the epidemiology of and risk factors associated with clubfoot in a specific Saudi population. By highlighting the study's key outcomes and discussing its broader implications for public health and clinical practices, this editorial aims to underscore the importance of continued research and targeted interventions in addressing congenital deformities such as clubfoot.</p>","PeriodicalId":47843,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Orthopedics","volume":"15 9","pages":"836-840"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Fiore, Luigi Aurelio Nasto, Eleni McCaffery, Fannia Barletta, Angela Visconti, Francesca Gargano, Enrico Pola, Maria Caterina Pace
{"title":"Pain management in acute musculoskeletal injury: Effect of opioid <i>vs</i> nonopioid medications.","authors":"Marco Fiore, Luigi Aurelio Nasto, Eleni McCaffery, Fannia Barletta, Angela Visconti, Francesca Gargano, Enrico Pola, Maria Caterina Pace","doi":"10.5312/wjo.v15.i9.882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v15.i9.882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of opioids for pain is linked to an increased risk of developing opioid use disorder, and has resulted in the emergence of the opioid crisis over the last few years.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The systematic review question is \"How does the use of opioid medications in pain management, compared with non-opioid medications, affect pain intensity over the short, intermediate, and long-term in adults with acute traumatic pain?\".</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The protocol was prospectively registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: CRD42021279639. Medline and Google Scholar were electronically searched for controlled peer-reviewed studies published in full, with the PICO framework: P: Adult patients with traumatic injuries, I: Opioid medications, C: Non-opioid medications, O: A minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in pain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After full-text screening, we included 14 studies in the qualitative synthesis. Of these 14 studies, 12 were randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and 2 were pseudo-RCTs with a total of 2347 patients enrolled. There was heterogeneity in both medication utilized and outcome in these studies; only two studies were homogeneous regarding the type of study conducted, the opioid used, its comparator, and the outcome explored. The MCID was evaluated in 8 studies, while in 6 studies, any measured pain reduction was considered as an outcome. In 11 cases, the setting of care was the Emergency Department; in 2 cases, care occurred out-of-hospital; and in one case, the setting was not well-specified. The included studies were found to have a low-moderate risk of bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-opioids can be considered an alternative to opioids for short-term pain management of acute musculoskeletal injury. Intravenous ketamine may cause more adverse events than other routes of administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":47843,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Orthopedics","volume":"15 9","pages":"882-890"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Ren, Jia-Hui Guan, Yu Li, Nan-Nan Li, Zheng Li
{"title":"Evolution of treatment options for juvenile idiopathic arthritis.","authors":"Tao Ren, Jia-Hui Guan, Yu Li, Nan-Nan Li, Zheng Li","doi":"10.5312/wjo.v15.i9.831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v15.i9.831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A recent study published in <i>World J Clin Cases</i> addressed the optimal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Herein, we outline the progress in drug therapy of JIA. NSAIDs have traditionally been the primary treatment for all forms of JIA. NSAIDs are symptom-relief medications, and well tolerated by patients. Additionally, the availability of selective NSAIDs further lower the gastrointestinal adverse reactions compared with traditional NSAIDs. Glucocorticoid is another kind of symptom-relief medications with potent anti-inflammatory effect. However, the frequent adverse events limit the clinical use. Both NSAIDs and glucocorticoid fail to ease or prevent joint damage, and the breakthrough comes along with the disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). DMARDs can prevent disease progression and reduce joint destruction. Particularly, the emergence of biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) has truly revolutionized the therapeutics of JIA, compared with conventional synthetic DMARDs. As a newly developed class of drugs, the places of most bDMARDs in the management of JIA remain to be well established. Nevertheless, the continuous evolution of bDMARDs raises hopes of improving long-term disease outcomes for JIA.</p>","PeriodicalId":47843,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Orthopedics","volume":"15 9","pages":"831-835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}