Ssm-Population Health最新文献

{"title":"The consequences of community exposure to firearm homicide for adolescent substance use","authors":"Angela Bruns ,&nbsp;Amanda J. Aubel ,&nbsp;Xiaoya Zhang ,&nbsp;Shani A.L. Buggs ,&nbsp;Nicole Kravitz-Wirtz","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In areas with high levels of violence, not just the individuals involved but entire communities experience harm. Acts of violence in the community that a young person did not witness or experience directly can still have consequences for their health behaviors. Using survey data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study merged with the Gun Violence Archive (<em>N</em> = 3042), we investigate associations between community exposure to firearm homicide and adolescent substance use. Results indicate that exposure to a local firearm homicide in the past 180 days is associated with 1.56 higher odds of adolescent marijuana use, and exposure to multiple incidents nearly doubles the odds of use. There is no significant association between exposure and either alcohol or cigarette use. Moderation analyses show a positive association between firearm homicide exposure and marijuana use among Black and low-income adolescents and adolescents living in disadvantaged neighborhoods. These results suggest that health and healing-centered prevention and intervention strategies aimed at reducing exposure to firearm violence and mitigating subsequent harm, including substance use, are particularly important for those most impacted by co-occurring stressors linked to structural disadvantage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101799"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policies on dying: Assisted suicide in Germany","authors":"Carmen Sainz Villalba","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the effect of exposing German individuals to real-life cases on attitudes toward the legalization of assisted suicide. We find that support for legalizing assisted suicide changes in 21 % of our sample. Among those who strongly favor the policy, support weakens when they encounter real-life cases, as their confidence in their opinions diminishes. Respondents who oppose are less likely to shift to strongly oppose. We also find that the change in opinion due to exposure to cases is mediated by respondents' prior beliefs on the cases’ outcome. We also explore the reasons why some respondents do not change their opinions. We find that respondents more likely to change their support are those who attribute lower credibility to the information provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101797"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-calibration of cognitive performance in the National Health and Aging Trends Study with the Health and Retirement Study's Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol: Implications for dementia classification","authors":"Yuan S. Zhang ,&nbsp;Alden L. Gross ,&nbsp;Ryan J. Dougherty ,&nbsp;Lindsay C. Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Jennifer A. Schrack ,&nbsp;Vicki A. Freedman","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Large population-based studies are crucial for dementia research; yet variation in cognitive tests and dementia classification approaches can lead to inconsistent findings. We harmonized cognitive data from two nationally representative US studies of aging to facilitate comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined 2016 data for individuals aged ≥70 years from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) (n = 5696) and the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (n = 2731). We derived factor scores for general cognitive performance in the NHATS cognitive test battery that were co-calibrated to the HRS-HCAP battery and identified cutpoints for dementia that returned the expected prevalence in each study. We evaluated diagnostic characteristics of the cutpoints against study-specific dementia algorithms with Area Under the Curve analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Study-specific algorithms yielded comparable dementia prevalence estimates: 10.8 % in NHATS and 11.1 % in HRS-HCAP. Co-calibrated scores showed similar distributions and had acceptable reliability, with similar dementia cutpoints. In both studies, sensitivity was higher among lower-educated (vs. higher educated) and non-White (vs. non-Hispanic White) groups. Co-calibrated populations with dementia in both studies had similar age and gender distributions but differed somewhat in education levels and race/ethnicity profiles.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>NHATS and HRS-HCAP both provide reliable cognitive function measures and dementia prevalence estimates for older Americans. Co-calibrated scores based on each study's cognitive test battery provide a valid and feasible approach for comparative US research. Better aligned algorithmic approaches across studies could strengthen opportunities for comparative studies of disparities in the US context using the co-calibration approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101796"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contribution of social determinants of health to long-term outcomes following traumatic brain injury","authors":"John D. Corrigan ,&nbsp;Mike Vuolo ,&nbsp;Rebecca Shankman ,&nbsp;Jennifer Bogner ,&nbsp;Cynthia L. Beaulieu ,&nbsp;Amanda L. Botticello ,&nbsp;Kathryn A. Hyzak ,&nbsp;Shannon Juengst ,&nbsp;Raj G. Kumar ,&nbsp;Cecilia Mengo","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) are a significant factor in health outcomes for both acute and chronic health conditions, but systematic research related to outcomes from traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been limited. This study explores the relationship between individual and neighborhood-level SDoH and TBI outcomes to understand the extent of their influence on long-term recovery. Hybrid panel models that decompose time-varying predictors into between- and within-person effects were used to examine the relationships between SDoH and participation in the community, life satisfaction, and global functioning for persons with moderate to severe TBI one to 30 years post-injury. Participants were 9263 persons, distributed nationally, who received inpatient rehabilitation for TBI and enrolled in the TBI Model Systems longitudinal study. Individual-level SDoH included sex, race/ethnicity, education, employment, insurance, primary means of transportation, and rurality. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was used as an indicator of neighborhood disadvantage. Results indicated that neighborhood-level SDoH accounted for differences in outcomes between individuals but not due to change in a given individual's neighborhood. These findings were robust to the inclusion of numerous individual-level SDoH, which were also associated with the outcomes. Individual-level SDoH accounted for differences in outcomes both between individuals and with change in a given individual's status. Among four thematic subscales constituting the SVI, the socio-economic status subscale was consistently associated with all three outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local government expenditure centralization and spatial variation in working-age mortality","authors":"Rourke O'Brien ,&nbsp;Manuel Schechtl ,&nbsp;Robert Manduca ,&nbsp;Atheendar Venkataramani","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research finds disparities in local government spending to be one driver of place-based variation in population health outcomes in the U.S. This study asks: net of the amount of local government spending, does the <em>centralization</em> of local government expenditures shape spatial variation in working age mortality? We find that in more centralized local fiscal structures, that is, where the county government performs relatively more of the total local government spending, there is less cross-census tract variation in midlife mortality. In doing so, we reveal how the structure of local government—inherited from history and largely outside the purview of politics and policy discussion—impacts place-based variation of population health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101791"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A matter of measurement? A Swedish register-based study of migrant residential segregation and all-cause mortality","authors":"Agneta Cederström ,&nbsp;Andrea Dunlavy","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In recent decades, Sweden has become an increasingly diverse society by origin, but one in which residential segregation by migrant background has also increased. This study examines how different aspects of migrant residential segregation are associated with all-cause mortality among native-born and migrant populations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using Swedish population-based registers, this longitudinal open cohort study assessed associations between four local level indices of migrant residential segregation and all-cause mortality among adult migrant and native-born residents of Sweden's three largest metropolitan areas (Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö) between 2004 and 2016. Multilevel Poisson regression models, adjusted for individual-level sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors as well as area-level socioeconomic conditions, were used to estimate associations between these indices and all-cause mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Moderate decreased mortality risks were observed among migrants in residential areas with higher levels of migrant density, isolation, and exposure in fully adjusted models. However, isolation and exposure effects could not be distinguished due to a high degree of correlation between the isolation and exposure measures. In fully adjusted models mortality gradients were largely unobserved among native-born individuals in relation to migrant residential segregation. The evenness dimension of segregation showed limited relevance for mortality risk in both groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides evidence that higher migrant density is associated with lower mortality risks among migrants, suggesting that residential areas with higher proportions of migrants may offer health benefits for migrants. These findings highlight the importance of residential contexts in shaping migrant health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How U.S. ‘cultural defaults’ challenge American public health and what public health officers can do about it","authors":"Hazel Rose Markus ,&nbsp;Jeanne L. Tsai ,&nbsp;Yukiko Uchida ,&nbsp;Amrita Maitreyi ,&nbsp;Angela Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As practitioners and scientists reflect on what can be learned from COVID, we argue that cultural defaults—commonsense, rational, and taken-for-granted ways of thinking, feeling, and acting —played an important role in how countries responded to the pandemic, and help explain why the United States suffered 4-6 times more deaths per 100,000 people compared to the East Asian countries of Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea. Drawing on a recent review and theoretical integration, we describe six pairs of contrasting cultural defaults that were common in how the U.S. and some East Asian nations responded to the pandemic: (1) optimism-uniqueness vs. realism-similarity, (2) single vs. multiple causes, (3) expression of high vs. low arousal emotions, (4) influence-control vs. wait-adjust, (5) personal choice-self-regulation vs. social choice-social regulation, and (6) promotion vs. prevention. These historically-derived defaults are often outside of individual awareness, but are reflected in and reinforced by institutional practices and policies, the media, and everyday interactions. They are infused with cultural values, understood as the “right way” to be or behave, and are adaptive in their respective contexts. Importantly, both constellations of cultural defaults are viable depending on the problem to be solved. We then provide six specific ways in which public health officers might productively consider these and other cultural defaults when preparing for the next crisis and planning how to effectively motivate people to protect their own and others’ health. Our hope is to facilitate efforts to include a focus on culture within the scope of the social determinants of health and to encourage more partnerships between behavioral scientists and public health practitioners. Recognizing the cultural defaults of the various “publics” they seek to protect is critical as U.S. public health officers aim to promote health for all, a significant and complex challenge in the increasingly individualistic U.S.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impacts of Liverpool Citizen's Advice on Prescription (CAP) on mental health outcomes– an Instrumental Variable (IV) approach","authors":"Gebremariam Aregawi ,&nbsp;Piroddi Roberta ,&nbsp;Daras Konstantinos ,&nbsp;Anderson De Cuevas Rachel ,&nbsp;Abba Katharine ,&nbsp;Gabbay Mark ,&nbsp;Corcoran Rhiannon ,&nbsp;Granger Rachel ,&nbsp;Ezeofor Victory ,&nbsp;Tudor Edwards Rhiannon ,&nbsp;Mahoney Clare ,&nbsp;Barr Benjamin","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101785","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101785"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social determinants of where people die: A study of moderators and mediators using linked UK Census and mortality data","authors":"J.M. Davies ,&nbsp;K.C. Chua ,&nbsp;M. Maddocks ,&nbsp;F.E.M. Murtagh ,&nbsp;K.E. Sleeman","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Where people die depends on many factors and is important to the quality of end-of-life care. Many people prefer to avoid end-of-life hospital admissions and yet hospital remains the most common place of death across high-income countries and is more likely for people who live in more deprived areas. This study examines moderators and mediators of socioeconomic inequality in place of death.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used census data linked to mortality data for people who died in England and Wales between 2011 and 2017 to investigate the association between area-based income deprivation and death in hospital versus home, hospice, and care home. We tested moderators including age, sex, ethnicity, underlying cause of death and region, and mediating pathways through housing deprivation, living alone, and worse health.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 34,230 decedents, after adjusting for age and sex, the proportion of deaths in hospital was higher in more deprived areas; 52.4 % (95 % CI: 51.2 %–53.6 %) and 46.7 % (45.5 %–48.0 %) for people living in the most and least deprived areas, respectively. This association was moderated by underlying cause of death; a social gradient was observed for deaths from cancer, dementia and ‘other’ causes but not for people who died from respiratory, cardiovascular, and sudden causes (F = 43.81; df (20), p = 0.0016). In a subsample of people who died from cancer, people living in the most deprived areas were more likely to live alone (36 % (95 % CI 30 %–41 %)) than those in the least deprived areas (19 % (15 %–23 %)), and this partly explained why they were more likely to die in hospital, accounting for 12.2 % of the total effect of income deprivation on death in hospital.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study contributes novel findings that deepen our understanding of socioeconomic inequality in place of death. Improving support for people living alone in more deprived areas is identified as a potential way to reduce inequalities in place of death.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101784"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The complex representation and contradicting results linking sexual orientation to allostatic load","authors":"Gabriel Desjardins ,&nbsp;Névéna Chuntova ,&nbsp;Robert-Paul Juster","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This commentary discusses a publication by Katsuya Oi and Amanda M. Pollitt using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to assess presumed sexual orientation effects on allostatic load, the ‘wear and tear’ of chronic stress. Their findings indicate that discordant heterosexual women—those whose sexual attractions or behaviors do not align with their heterosexual identity—experience notably higher allostatic load compared to other sub-groups. In contrast, women who identify as non-heterosexual did not exhibit significantly elevated allostatic load. Several theoretical problems, interpretative inadequacies, issues with terminology, and misrepresentation of the existing literature limit the full impact of this original work. In the spirit of collegial critique, the objective of this commentary is to offer potential resolutions and considerations for future research among sexually diverse as well as gender diverse populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101789"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}