Ssm-Population Health最新文献

{"title":"The impact of slow mobility and built environment characteristics on 12.5-year all-cause mortality among older women and men: A prospective cohort study from Poland","authors":"Katarzyna Zawisza ,&nbsp;Michalina Gajdzica ,&nbsp;Alberto Raggi ,&nbsp;Beata Tobiasz-Adamczyk","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Worldwide initiatives promoting mobility modes such as walking or cycling as low-cost and zero-emission forms of transport, have highlighted the possible health benefits of slow mobility. Identifying crucial elements of the built environment (BE) for slow mobility users, especially older adults, is important.</div><div>The study aimed to: compare the mortality risk of slow mode users with other transport mode users in both men and women; verify, which aspects of subjective and objective assessment of the BE are relevant as risk factors of 12.5-year all-cause mortality across various mobility mode users; examine social participation as a mediator of the relationship.</div><div>The Polish part of the COURAGE in Europe cross-sectional baseline study was conducted in 2011. The analysis included 1166 face-to-face interviews with randomly selected community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years or older from Poland. Information about deaths was obtained from the State Systems Department on Mar 1, 2024. The outdoor BE was assessed by trained interviewers’ direct observations. The Cox proportional hazard models were used.</div><div>Higher quality of streetscapes (in women) and walkways (in men) for those who mainly walk in their neighborhood, and bikeways (in women who cycle) were found to be significant protective factors against mortality. Walkways and bikeways were associated with a higher risk of death in the fast mode of transportation group of men. Mediation effect of social participation was found in unadjusted models.</div><div>The findings underline the importance of planning and organizing the BE from an age–friendly perspective and the need for a holistic approach to urban planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101841"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a participatory learning and action programme in women's groups on adolescent girls: a cluster-randomized controlled trial in Bihar, India","authors":"Lisa Bogler ,&nbsp;Abhijeet Kumar ,&nbsp;S.V. Subramanian ,&nbsp;Sebastian Vollmer","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adolescence is a critical development period where young people acquire health behaviours, making this a crucial time for interventions targeting health. Participatory learning and action programmes aimed at improving maternal and child health are usually delivered through women's groups but could potentially impact adolescent girls as well, either through their direct participation or through information sharing in the community.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used a cluster-randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of a large-scale participatory learning and action programme called <em>Gram Varta</em> on attitudes and health-related knowledge of adolescent girls in rural Bihar. The programme was implemented between 2015 and 2016 by state-supported agencies in women's self-help groups and additionally targeted adolescent girls for programme participation. Using household survey data on almost 700 girls aged 13–19 years, we estimated the community-level intention-to-treat effect of <em>Gram Varta</em> on adolescent girls. Outcomes included female empowerment, outlook on the future, preferences regarding marriage and childbearing, care given by parents, and knowledge and practices regarding reproductive health and contraception.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Out of 53 indicators, only one was statistically significantly affected by <em>Gram Varta</em> across specifications, suggesting an increase in the share of girls engaging in unpaid housework by about 12 percentage points.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest that <em>Gram Varta</em> did not change attitudes and knowledge of adolescent girls on the community-level. This could be due to low participation of girls in programme meetings as well as low levels of information sharing between adults who took part in this programme and adolescent girls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of domestic violence legislation on reported intimate partner violence: a difference-in-differences analysis across 16 countries","authors":"Robin A. Richardson ,&nbsp;Anita Raj ,&nbsp;Kira Downs ,&nbsp;Irina Bergenfeld ,&nbsp;Charis Wiltshire ,&nbsp;Anna Dimitrova ,&nbsp;Tarik Benmarhnia","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a highly prevalent threat to women's health globally. Domestic violence (DV) legislation – encompassing criminal sanctions and civil remedies – has been implemented in many countries but evidence on its effects are lacking. In this study, we evaluate the impact of national-level DV legislation on married women's IPV victimization.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used self-reported IPV information from 183,222 women across 16 countries, collected in repeated cross-sectional surveys (2000–2021) by the Demographic and Health Surveys, which we linked to DV legislation information from the World Bank. We evaluated impact with a staggered difference-in-differences approach and controlled for time-varying country-level factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Adoption of DV legislation resulted in an increase in any reported IPV (average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) = 0.07, 95 % CI: 0.00, 0.14). All investigated types of IPV increased slightly, including physical (ATT = 0.05, 95 % CI: −0.05, 0.15), sexual (ATT = 0.04, 95 % CI: −0.03, 0.10), and psychological IPV (ATT = 0.02, 95 % CI: −0.04, 0.08), although estimates were imprecise and included the null. Further assessment shows that reported IPV increased more soon after adoption of legislation, and that women with accepting attitudes about IPV experienced the greatest increase in IPV. We did not observe effect heterogeneity by other factors including age, education level, or number of children.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Adoption of DV legislation may increase women's reported IPV victimization. Future research could explore effect heterogeneity across multiple socio-demographic subgroups and the potential mechanisms through which such policies may benefit women's health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101837"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social disparities in extreme heat days across U.S. public schools","authors":"Jayajit Chakraborty,&nbsp;Sara Soroka","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although children are highly vulnerable to higher temperatures and spend significant portions of their time at school, extreme heat events at school locations have not been adequately examined in previous research on social inequalities in the distribution and impacts of heat exposure. We address this gap by conducting the first nationwide study of sociodemographic disparities in extremely hot days at U.S. public schools. Annual frequency of extreme heat days at school locations is measured using both absolute (&gt;90 °F) and relative (&gt; local 95th percentile) temperature-based thresholds, and linked to race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and other relevant characteristics of students and schools in the conterminous U.S. Results indicate that racial/ethnic minority students and those eligible for free/reduced lunch are significantly overrepresented in schools with the highest frequency of extreme heat days (top 20 % nationally) compared to White and non-eligible students, respectively, based on the absolute temperature threshold. Similar racial/ethnic disparities are observed in the top 20 % of schools based on the relative temperature threshold, with the exception of Black and Asian students. Multivariable models that control for spatial clustering and contextual factors also reveal racial/ethnic disparities, with significantly higher frequencies of extreme heat days at schools serving Hispanic and American Indian students, regardless of the temperature threshold utilized. These results highlight the urgent need to include school children in future research on social disparities in heat exposure, conduct more detailed investigations in other regions, states, and nations, and formulate interventions and policies that provide equitable protection from extreme heat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101835"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons in adjusting for genetic confounding in population research on education and health","authors":"Meghan Zacher ,&nbsp;Robbee Wedow","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social scientists often fit regression models with a range of covariates to infer causal effects in observational, population-based data, but the resulting estimates may be biased by unknown, unmeasured, and poorly measured confounders. Adjusting for genetic confounding using <em>polygenic indices (PGIs)</em> has been forwarded as one way to reduce this bias. However, whether and how relationships of interest to social scientists change when adjusting for PGIs or genetic confounding more broadly remains poorly understood. The current study sheds light on this issue by evaluating associations between years of schooling and self-rated health, body mass index, and depressive symptoms before and after adjusting for genetic confounding using data from the 2006–2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (n = 11,614), a nationally representative study of older U.S. adults. We adjust for genetic confounding in two ways: first by controlling for PGIs, and second by using PolygENic Genetic confoUnding INference (PENGUIN), a method based on variance component estimation. We find that controlling for PGIs modestly attenuates associations between education and each measure of health, and PENGUIN attenuates estimates further. However, a significant protective relationship between education and health remains when adjusting for genetic confounding with either method. Adjusting for genetic confounding using available methods thus does not call into question the robust relationship between education and health, underscoring the fundamental role of social and behavioral factors in shaping educational health disparities. Our findings also illustrate the limitations of adjusting for genetic confounding with PGIs specifically. In an era where PGIs are now broadly available to social scientists in population-based datasets, we urge caution when using them as controls for genetic confounding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101834"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-regulation and behavioral risk factors for obesity in youth facing multiple adversities","authors":"Ana M. Gutierrez-Colina ,&nbsp;Abigail Neiser ,&nbsp;Samantha Bothwell ,&nbsp;Reagan L. Miller-Chagnon ,&nbsp;Megan J. Moran ,&nbsp;Lauren B. Shomaker ,&nbsp;Rachel G. Lucas-Thomson","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the extent to which different facets of self-regulation, including emotion regulation and executive functioning, relate to three target health behaviors associated with obesity risk (i.e., eating, physical activity, and sleep) in youth facing multiple adversities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants included youth (10–18 years) and their caregivers. Emotion regulation, executive functioning, and subjective health behaviors were measured via self- and proxy-report. Disinhibited eating was assessed objectively. Caregivers reported on sociodemographic and risk indicators. Regression analyses were used to examine associations between self-regulation and health behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 174 youth and their caregivers enrolled in the study. Youth experienced overall high levels of socioeconomic, academic, and health hardships, as well as high levels of caregiver-reported executive dysfunction. Self-reported emotion regulation difficulties were consistently associated with greater self-reported reward-based eating and sleep disturbances, with effect sizes varying from small to large. Only one facet of emotion regulation, difficulties with emotional awareness, was inversely associated with self-reported physical activity. Caregiver-reported executive functioning was not related to health behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The current study highlights the potential role of emotion regulation in obesity prevention efforts and identifies unique associations between specific facets of emotion regulation and health behaviors among youth exposed to adversity. Public health and obesity prevention efforts that target emotion regulation and coping skills may be particularly beneficial in promoting health behaviors in this population. Findings underscore the need for future research to examine how broader, multi-level contextual factors influence self-regulation, shape youth's health behaviors, and contribute to long-term obesity risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent health in relation to their peers: likeability as a resilience factor","authors":"Jaap Nieuwenhuis ,&nbsp;Daniël Veennema","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adolescence is a period in which health-related behaviors develop. Peer group influence plays an important role in this development. Some adolescents are, however, more or less resilient to peer influence. We argue that students’ likeability amongst their classroom peers functions as a resilience factor in the relation between the health of classroom peers and their own health. We test this by studying 7th grade students from the Taiwan Youth Project (N = 2350) in 81 classrooms, examining the differences in individual and classroom health one year later. The results show that there is indeed a contextual effect of classroom health on individual health, but this effect is weaker to nonexistent, the better liked a student is. Students who score low on likeability are most susceptible to peer influence. The moderation of likeability is only found for boys. Our study shows that likeability is an important resilience factor to social influence and offers insight in how contexts differentially shape individual behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101833"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hard Hit: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on childbearing in the Hispanic/Latino population","authors":"Reanne Frank ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Wildsmith ,&nbsp;Sam Field ,&nbsp;Akanne Torres Beltran","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The alarmingly disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on the working age segment of the Hispanic/Latino population motivates our focus on determining whether the COVID-19 pandemic differentially impacted the fertility of Hispanic women compared to non-Hispanic White women.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Leveraging state-level birth count data, we perform an interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis using state-specific, piece-wise regression models to assess pandemic impacts on fertility across five different pre- and post-pandemic periods for U.S.-born Hispanic women, immigrant Hispanic women, and non-Hispanic white women. We present difference-in-differences (DiD) estimates to assess the impact of the pandemic on births to each group of women and difference-in-difference-in-differences (DDD) estimates to determine if U.S.-born or immigrant Hispanic women experienced more pronounced pandemic fertility impacts compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was substantial variability in both pre- and post-pandemic fertility trends by state and population sub-group. We find that immigrant Hispanic women in nearly all states had fewer births than expected from March 2020 through February 2021, irrespective of pre-pandemic fertility trends. In contrast, non-Hispanic white women in most states experienced a “baby boomlet” from December 2020 through December 2022. U.S.-born Hispanic women have a more variable pattern during this period, with fewer births than expected in about half of the states, and a “baby boomlet” in the other half. Relative to non-Hispanic whites, however, both groups of Hispanic women experienced more pronounced depressive pandemic impacts on fertility at the height of the pandemic (December 2020–February 2021).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Mirroring disproportionate impacts on mortality, in the case of fertility, in nearly all states, foreign-born Hispanic Americans experienced pronounced and disproportionately negative impacts on births from December 2020 through February 2021, followed by a baby boomlet through December 2022. Establishing these patterns is a critical piece of a full accounting of the extent of the pandemic's influence on our country's demography, particularly how it has altered the population processes of such hard-hit sub-populations as Hispanic Americans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101831"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the impact of state paid sick leave laws on worker outcomes in the U.S. service sector, 2017–2023","authors":"Tyler Woods ,&nbsp;Daniel Schneider ,&nbsp;Kristen Harknett","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the absence of a federal paid sick leave (PSL) standard, numerous U.S. states have passed laws to provide workers access to such benefits. These laws may be especially beneficial for low-wage workers whose employers often do not voluntarily provide PSL. We draw on novel data from The Shift Project (N = 68,930), which surveyed U.S. service sector workers between 2017 and 2023, to examine the effects of state PSL laws on proximate worker outcomes (i.e., PSL coverage and presenteeism), downstream worker outcomes (e.g., health, well-being, and labor market outcomes), and firms' channels of adjustment (e.g., hourly wages, work schedules, other fringe benefits). We use stacked difference-in-differences models to estimate the effects of 11 state PSL laws on service sector workers, leveraging the time horizon and scope of our data to make comparisons between treatment and control states before and after the implementation of such laws. We find that state PSL laws increased hourly service sector workers’ access to PSL by 14 percentage points (p &lt; 0.001) and reduced the share of workers who worked while sick by 3 percentage points (p &lt; 0.01). In addition, we find little evidence that firms offset the costs of providing PSL by reducing other benefits for workers. This increase in PSL coverage among service sector workers and their reduced likelihood of working while sick could have significant positive implications for public health. But, we also show that PSL laws have little demonstrable effect on other downstream health, well-being, and labor market outcomes for covered workers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergence in the size and composition of the race gap in mental health: Evidence from South Africa","authors":"Dorrit Posel,&nbsp;Adeola Oyenubi","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantitative studies of mental health in South Africa typically find that Black African adults report significantly more depressive symptoms than other adults on average. However, insufficient attention has been paid to differences among Black African adults, and to how the distribution of depressive symptoms compares between these adults and other adults. We augment existing research by investigating how the size and composition of the race gap in depression scores varies at different percentiles of the mental health distribution. We analyze national self-reported data on the frequency of depressive symptoms, and estimate recentred influence function decompositions of the unconditional race gap at each quantile of the distribution. The analysis identifies a race gap in depression scores that is twice as large at the lower tail of the mental health distribution than at the upper tail, signalling that Black African adults are particularly less likely than other adults to report no, or only a few, symptoms. At the lower tail, the race gap derives mostly from differences in the relationship between characteristics and mental health, while at higher percentiles, differences in the level of endowments, or stressors, are more important. At the upper tail, where depression scores are likely to correspond to major depressive episodes, the race gap narrows to zero. The size and composition of the average race gap in depression scores therefore masks considerable variation about the mean, which should be considered when policy is targeted to redress inequalities in mental health treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101829"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}